ABSTRACT
An interdisciplinary panel of specialists met in Mallorca in the first European Symposium on Morbid Obesity entitled; "Morbid Obesity, an Interdisciplinary Approach". During the two and half days of the meeting, the participants discussed several aspects related to pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment of morbid obesity. The expert panel included basic research scientists, dietitians and nutritionists, exercise physiologists, endocrinologists, psychiatrists, cardiologists, pneumonologists, anesthesiologists, and bariatric surgeons with expertise in the different weight loss surgeries. The symposium was sponsored by the Balearic Islands Health Department; however, this statement is an independent report of the panel and is not a policy statement of any of the sponsors or endorsers of the Symposium. The prevalence of morbid obesity, the most severe state of the disease, has become epidemic. The current recommendations for the therapy of the morbidly obese comes as a result of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference held in 1991 and subsequently reviewed in 2004 by the American Society for Bariatric Surgery. This document reviews the work-up evaluation of the morbidly obese patient, the current status of the indications for bariatric surgery and which type of procedure should be recommended; it also brings up for discussion some important real-life clinical practice issues, which should be taken into consideration when evaluating and treating morbidly obese patients. Finally, it also goes through current scientific evidence supporting the potential effectiveness of medical therapy as treatment of patients with morbid obesity.
Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic , Europe , Humans , United StatesABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Health Promotion , Health Programs and Plans , Quality of Life , Exercise/psychology , Exercise/physiology , Health of the Elderly , Leisure Activities , Spain , Dance TherapyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Primary Prevention/methods , SpainSubject(s)
Estradiol/pharmacology , Prostate/drug effects , Testosterone/pharmacology , Animals , Diethylstilbestrol/pharmacology , Drug Interactions , Epithelium/drug effects , Epithelium/ultrastructure , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Organ Culture Techniques , Prostate/metabolism , Prostate/ultrastructure , Rats , Receptors, Estrogen , Tamoxifen/pharmacology , Testosterone/administration & dosageABSTRACT
After organ culture without hormone, the epithelial gland cells of Rat veantral prostate undergo atrophic changes, whereas the interstitial stroma components tend to increase. Estradiol (1-1,000 nM),added to the culture medium, is ineffective. On the contrary, testosterone (1-100 nM) maintains epithelial cells and prevents the increase of interstitial stroma. When estradiol (1-1,000 nM) is combined with a physiological concentration of testosterone (1-4 nM), the epithelial cells are well maintained, but the inhibitory action of testosterone on the stroma is counteracted so that the glandular epithelium and the interstitial stroma are both stimulated. However, when testosterone is used at supraphysiological (10-100 nM) concentrations, estradiol is completely ineffective and the structure of the prostate is identical to the one given by the androgen alone.
