ABSTRACT
Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation is an interesting alternative to conventional methods that use inorganic hydrides. The hydrogenation of acetophenone under heterogeneous conditions with the supported catalysts based on Ni is the most useful due to its redox properties and lower cost. As is well-known, catalyst support can significantly affect catalyst performance. We have investigated the influence of various physical-chemical parameters on the selective reaction of the hydrogenation of acetophenone by using different nickel catalysts on clinoptilolite supports, in four different forms: natural, previously modified with NH3 (Ni/Z+NH4 +), with HNO3 (Ni/Z+H+), and thermally treated (Ni/Z 500 °C). In particular, our work focuses on determining the influence of the mentioned physical-chemical parameters on the percentages of conversion and the selectivity of the catalysis. This study aims to identify the combination of parameters that allows for obtaining the best catalytic results. The identification of the physical-chemical parameters that determine the percentages of conversion and selectivity allows us to design optimal catalysts.
ABSTRACT
Catalysts prepared on ZrO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2-Al2O3 (ZrAl-10) supported with Anderson heteropolyanion (RhMo6) as active phase were investigated for the elimination of NO3- from water. Raman characterization of pure and supported RhMo6 phase showed the presence of polymolybdic species of different degrees of complexity when RhMo6 was supported. The temperature-programmed reduction study revealed the synergic effect between Rh and Mo species, through which the reducibility of Mo was promoted by Rh, and different phase/support interactions were verified. Among the supports, ZrAl-10 presented the highest acidity due to the presence of ZrO2 in the tetragonal modification and high specific surface area (due to Al2O3), favouring rhodium-molybdenum active phase/support interaction and high dispersion. All catalysts prepared were active in removing NO3-, the one prepared with the RhMo6 phase on the ZrAl-10 support being the most active. These results point to the formation of an active surface with a high dispersion of Rh and Mo. The highest selectivity to N2 (99.3) exhibited by the RhMo6/ZrAl-10 catalyst is proposed to be related to the high Rh dispersion (0.755) and to the presence of Lewis acid sites (oxygen vacancies) of the tetragonal ZrO2 modification that favour NO3- adsorption through electrostatic interactions.
Subject(s)
Nitrates , Water , Catalysis , Hydrogenation , Nitrogen OxidesABSTRACT
Introducción. El menor número de consultas a los centros de atención desde el comienzo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2podría afectar la vacunación obligatoria.Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2en la administración de vacunas pentavalente y triple viral a niños menores de 2 años en el vacunatorio de un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.Método. Estudio transversal, que utilizó registros informatizados del vacunatorio, de enero a mayo de 2019 y 2020.Resultados. Desde la segunda quincena de marzo de 2020, se observó un 64,2 % de disminución en la aplicación de vacunas. Al examinar la primera dosis de pentavalente y triple viral, la reducción fue del 74,9 % y del 55,1 %, respectivamente.Conclusión. A partir de la segunda quincena de marzo de 2020, se observó una disminución del 64,2 % en las vacunas aplicadas respecto del mismo período en el año anterio
Introduction. The reduction in the number of visits to health care centers since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may affect mandatory vaccination.Objective. To assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the administration of the pentavalent and the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines to children younger than 2 years at the vaccination center of a children's hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.Method. Cross-sectional study using the vaccination center's digital records from January to May 2019 and 2020.Results. In the second fortnight of March 2020, vaccinations dropped by 64.2 %. When examining the first dose of the pentavalent and MMR vaccines, such reduction was 74.9 % and 55.1 %, respectively.Conclusion. As of the second fortnight of March 2020, vaccinations dropped by 64.2 % compared to the same period of the previous year.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Immunization Schedule , Vaccines, Combined , Vaccination Coverage/trends , COVID-19/prevention & control , Health Services Accessibility/trends , Argentina/epidemiology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Health PolicyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The reduction in the number of visits to health care centers since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may affect mandatory vaccination. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the administration of the pentavalent and the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines to children younger than 2 years at the vaccination center of a children's hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. METHOD: Cross-sectional study using the vaccination center's digital records from January to May 2019 and 2020. Results. In the second fortnight of March 2020, vaccinations dropped by 64.2 %. When examining the first dose of the pentavalent and MMR vaccines, such reduction was 74.9 % and 55.1 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: As of the second fortnight of March 2020, vaccinations dropped by 64.2 % compared to the same period of the previous year.
Introducción. El menor número de consultas a los centros de atención desde el comienzo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 podría afectar la vacunación obligatoria. Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en la administración de vacunas pentavalente y triple viral a niños menores de 2 años en el vacunatorio de un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Método. Estudio transversal, que utilizó registros informatizados del vacunatorio, de enero a mayo de 2019 y 2020. Resultados. Desde la segunda quincena de marzo de 2020, se observó un 64,2 % de disminución en la aplicación de vacunas. Al examinar la primera dosis de pentavalente y triple viral, la reducción fue del 74,9 % y del 55,1 %, respectivamente. Conclusión. A partir de la segunda quincena de marzo de 2020, se observó una disminución del 64,2 % en las vacunas aplicadas respecto del mismo período en el año anterior.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Health Services Accessibility/trends , Immunization Schedule , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage/trends , Vaccines, Combined , Argentina/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Policy , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pandemics , Physical DistancingABSTRACT
The latest tendency of the scientific community regards the development of different classes of green materials able to solve pollution problems caused by industrial and human activity. In this paper, chitosan and diatomite were used to produce a broad-spectrum hybrid adsorbent, either in powder or in monolithic form for environmental pollutant removal. Diatomite-chitosan-based powders and porous diatomite-chitosan hybrids were prepared and characterized by chemical-physical, thermal and morphological analysis. Moreover, their adsorbent capacity towards anionic dye (Indigo Carmine) was also evaluated. Obtained data showed that chitosan improves the adsorption capacity of both systems, increasing the uptake of dye in both diatomite-chitosan systems.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peripheral blockade of cannabinoid CB(1) receptors has been proposed as a safe and effective therapy against obesity, putatively devoid of the adverse psychiatric side effects of centrally acting CB(1) receptor antagonists. In this study we analysed the effects of LH-21, a peripherally acting neutral cannabinoid receptor antagonist with poor brain penetration, in an animal model of diet-induced obesity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: To induce obesity, male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% fat) whereas controls received a standard diet (SD; 10 kcal% fat). Following 10 weeks of feeding, animals received a daily i.p. injection of vehicle or 3 mg·kg(-1) LH-21 for 10 days. Plasma and liver samples were used for biochemical analyses whereas visceral fat-pad samples were analysed for lipid metabolism gene expression using real-time RT-PCR. In addition, the potential of LH-21 to interact with hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms and cardiac human Ether-à-go-go Related Gene (hERG) channels was evaluated. KEY RESULTS: LH-21 reduced feeding and body weight gain in HFD-fed animals compared with the control group fed SD. In adipose tissue, this effect was associated with decreased gene expression of: (i) leptin; (ii) lipogenic enzymes, including SCD-1; (iii) CB(1) receptors; and (iv) both PPARα and PPARγ. Although there were no significant differences in plasma parameters between HFD- and SD-fed rats, LH-21 did not seem to induce hepatic, cardiac or renal toxicity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results support the hypothesis that treatment with the peripherally neutral acting CB(1) receptor antagonist, LH-21, may promote weight loss through modulation of visceral adipose tissue.
Subject(s)
Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology , Obesity/drug therapy , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors , Triazoles/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Obesity Agents/toxicity , Brain/metabolism , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , ERG1 Potassium Channel , Eating/drug effects , Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/drug effects , Gene Expression/drug effects , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Intra-Abdominal Fat/drug effects , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Leptin/genetics , Lipogenesis/drug effects , Lipogenesis/genetics , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Obesity/etiology , Obesity/genetics , Obesity/metabolism , PPAR alpha/deficiency , PPAR alpha/genetics , PPAR gamma/genetics , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics , Triazoles/pharmacokinetics , Triazoles/toxicity , Weight Gain/drug effectsABSTRACT
Endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-AG) are relevant modulators of appetite and energy expenditure through their action on cannabinoid CB(1) receptors. The actions of anandamide on feeding behavior are dependent both, on the anatomical location of CB(1) receptors (central nervous system versus peripheral tissues) and the feeding status. Anandamide uptake into cells, prior to its degradation by specific enzymatic systems, is a necessary step for the regulation of its extracellular levels. The present study explores the route and feeding stimulus dependency of the effects of the anandamide uptake blocker AM404. Peripherally, AM404 reduced feeding in partially satiated animals through a PPARα-independent mechanism, but not in food deprived ones. When AM404 was injected into the cerebral ventricles of food deprived rats, it resulted in hyperphagia that was antagonized by the cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist SR141716A. These results support the multimodal action of endocannabinoid signaling in feeding regulation, which depends on the anatomical site and the feeding status of the animal.
Subject(s)
Arachidonic Acids/antagonists & inhibitors , Arachidonic Acids/metabolism , Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology , Eating/drug effects , Feeding Behavior/drug effects , Food Deprivation/physiology , Polyunsaturated Alkamides/antagonists & inhibitors , Polyunsaturated Alkamides/metabolism , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects , Animals , Arachidonic Acids/administration & dosage , Endocannabinoids , Energy Intake/drug effects , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Injections, Intraventricular , Male , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Nutritional Status , Oxazoles/pharmacology , PPAR alpha/genetics , PPAR alpha/physiology , Piperidines/pharmacology , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Rimonabant , Satiation/physiology , Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives , Tyrosine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Valorar la eficacia de la aplicación de un protocolo para el manejo de la incontinencia urinaria en una consulta de enfermería. Diseño: Estudio de intervención. Emplazamiento: Zona urbana con una pirámide poblacional envejecida y con elevadas tasas de morbimortalidad para distintas afecciones. Participantes: Setenta y ocho pacientes de ambos sexos con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, urgencia, rebosamiento y posmiccional. Intervención: Aplicación de un protocolo para la incontinencia urinaria en la consulta de enfermería, compuesto por una serie de actividades que permitieron la modificación de los factores que demostraron ser causantes de la misma. Mediciones y resultados: La muestra fue de 78 personas de las cuales 11 (14,1 por ciento) fueron varones y 67 (85,9 por ciento) mujeres, con una media de edad de 64 ñ 12 años en varones y de 66 ñ 15 años en mujeres. Para el diagnóstico de la incontinencia urinaria se utilizó un cuestionario validado. Aproximadamente la mitad de los pacientes con incontinencia de esfuerzo y por síndrome prostático presentaron un buen grado de colaboración (un 41,5 por ciento y 50 por ciento, respectivamente). El grado de mejoría se relaciona de manera significativa con la modificación de hábitos higiénicos y dietéticos y con la realización de un mayor número de ejercicios para el fortalecimiento de la musculatura pélvica y entrenamiento vesical. Conclusiones: La eficacia del protocolo para el manejo de la incontinencia urinaria es satisfactoria, aunque el éxito del mismo queda sujeto a la voluntad de la población a la cual se le aplica (AU)
