ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nurse's performance in the hospital discharge process of children with chronic disease. METHOD: Qualitative research conducted from May to August/2019 with ten nurses working in a pediatric unit of a public hospital. The data, collected through semi-structured interviews, were submitted to inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: In the preparation for hospital discharge, nurses recognize health education as their attribution, valuing family knowledge in the training regarding home care. Nevertheless, their practice is weakened by the little articulation among the multiprofessional team, reduced nursing sizing and disarticulation in the health care network. CONCLUSION: There is a paradox between the report and the practice of the hospital discharge process accomplished by nurses. Although they have theoretical knowledge, their work process is influenced by the disarticulated way in which the multiprofessional team interacts, and the conditions provided by the institution to work in the preparation for hospital discharge of these children.
Subject(s)
Hospitals, Public , Patient Discharge , Child , Chronic Disease , Humans , Nurse's Role , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the nurse's performance in the hospital discharge process of children with chronic disease. Method: Qualitative research conducted from May to August/2019 with ten nurses working in a pediatric unit of a public hospital. The data, collected through semi-structured interviews, were submitted to inductive thematic analysis. Results: In the preparation for hospital discharge, nurses recognize health education as their attribution, valuing family knowledge in the training regarding home care. Nevertheless, their practice is weakened by the little articulation among the multiprofessional team, reduced nursing sizing and disarticulation in the health care network. Conclusion: There is a paradox between the report and the practice of the hospital discharge process accomplished by nurses. Although they have theoretical knowledge, their work process is influenced by the disarticulated way in which the multiprofessional team interacts, and the conditions provided by the institution to work in the preparation for hospital discharge of these children.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar le desempeño de enfermeras en el proceso de alta hospitalaria de niños con enfermedad crónica. Método: Investigación cualitativa desarrollada de mayo a agosto/2019 con diez enfermeras de una unidad pediátrica de un hospital público. Los datos, recogidos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, se sometieron a un análisis temático inductivo. Resultados: En la preparación para el alta hospitalaria, las enfermeras reconocen la educación en salud como su atribución, valorando el conocimiento familiar en la capacitación en cuanto a la atención domiciliaria. Sin embargo, su práctica es socavada debido a la escasa articulación entre el equipo multidisciplinario, el dimensionamiento de la enfermería reducido y la desarticulación en la red de atención sanitaria. Conclusión: Se evidencia la paradoja entre el relato y la práctica del proceso de alta hospitalaria efectuado por las enfermeras. Aunque tengan conocimientos teóricos, su proceso de trabajo se ve influenciado por la forma desarticulada en la que interactúa el equipo multidisciplinario y las condiciones que brinda la institución para trabajar en la preparación de estos niños para el alta hospitalaria.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a atuação da enfermeira no processo de alta hospitalar de crianças com doença crônica. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada de maio a agosto/2019 com dez enfermeiras de unidade pediátrica de hospital público. Os dados, coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram submetidos à análise temática indutiva. Resultados: No preparo para alta hospitalar, as enfermeiras reconhecem como sua atribuição a educação em saúde, valorizando o saber familiar na capacitação quanto aos cuidados domiciliares. Entretanto, sua prática é fragilizada pela pouca articulação entre a equipe multiprofissional, dimensionamento de enfermagem reduzido e desarticulação na rede de atenção à saúde. Conclusão: Evidencia-se paradoxo entre o relato e a prática do processo de alta hospitalar efetivado pelas enfermeiras. Embora possuam conhecimento teórico, seu processo de trabalho sofre influência do modo desarticulado como a equipe multiprofissional interage e das condições disponibilizadas pela instituição para atuarem no preparo para alta hospitalar dessas crianças.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sexual minority men report high rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adulthood suicidality. However, mechanisms (e.g., PTSD symptoms) through which CSA might drive suicidality remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: In a prospective cohort of sexual minority men, we examined: (1) associations between CSA and suicidal thoughts and behaviors; (2) prospective associations between CSA-related PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideation; and (3) interpersonal moderators of these associations. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants included 6305 sexual minority men (Mage = 33.2, SD = 11.5; 82.0% gay; 53.5% White) who completed baseline and one-year follow-up at-home online surveys. METHODS: Bivariate analyses were used to assess baseline demographic and suicidality differences between CSA-exposed participants and non-CSA-exposed participants. Among CSA-exposed participants, multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to regress passive and active suicidal ideation at one-year follow-up on CSA-related PTSD symptoms at baseline. Interactions were examined between CSA-related PTSD symptoms and interpersonal difficulties. RESULTS: CSA-exposed sexual minority men reported two-and-a-half times the odds of suicide attempt history compared to non-CSA-exposed men (95% CI = 2.15-2.88; p < 0.001). Among CSA-exposed sexual minority men, CSA-related PTSD symptoms were prospectively associated with passive suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.19; 1.61). Regardless of CSA-related PTSD symptom severity, those with lower social support and greater loneliness were at elevated risk of active suicidal ideation at one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: CSA-related PTSD symptom severity represents a psychological mechanism contributing to CSA-exposed sexual minority men's elevated suicide risk, particularly among those who lack social support and report loneliness.
Subject(s)
Sex Offenses , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Adult , Child , Humans , Male , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide, Attempted/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM), aged 13 to 18 years, account for more than 80% of teen HIV occurrences. Despite this disproportionate burden, there is a conspicuous lack of evidence-based HIV prevention programs. Implementation issues are critical as traditional HIV prevention delivery channels (eg, community-based organizations, schools) have significant access limitations for AMSM. As such, eHealth interventions, such as our proposed SMART program, represent an excellent modality for delivering AMSM-specific intervention material where youth are. OBJECTIVE: This randomized trial aimed to test the effectiveness of the SMART program in reducing condom-less anal sex and increasing condom self-efficacy, condom use intentions, and HIV testing for AMSM. We also plan to test whether SMART has differential effectiveness across important subgroups of AMSM based on race and ethnicity, urban versus rural residence, age, socioeconomic status, and participation in an English versus a Spanish version of SMART. METHODS: Using a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial design, we will evaluate the impact of a stepped-care package of increasingly intensive eHealth interventions (ie, the universal, information-based SMART Sex Ed; the more intensive, selective SMART Squad; and a higher cost, indicated SMART Sessions). All intervention content is available in English and Spanish. Participants are recruited primarily from social media sources using paid and unpaid advertisements. RESULTS: The trial has enrolled 1285 AMSM aged 13 to 18 years, with a target enrollment of 1878. Recruitment concluded in June 2020. Participants were recruited from 49 US states as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. Assessments of intervention outcomes at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months are ongoing. CONCLUSIONS: SMART is the first web-based program for AMSM to take a stepped-care approach to sexual education and HIV prevention. This design indicates that SMART delivers resources to all adolescents, but more costly treatments (eg, video chat counseling in SMART Sessions) are conserved for individuals who need them the most. SMART has the potential to reach AMSM to provide them with a sex-positive curriculum that empowers them with the information, motivation, and skills to make better health choices. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03511131; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03511131. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/19701.
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ß(S) haplotypes were studied in 47 non-related patients with sickle-cell anemia from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Molecular analysis was conducted by PCR/RFLP using restriction endonucleases XmnI, HindIII, HincII and HinfI to analyze six polymorphic sites from the beta cluster. Twenty-seven patients (57.5%) were identified with genotype CAR/CAR, 9 (19.1%) CAR/BEN, 6 (12.8%) CAR/CAM, 1 (2.1%) BEN/BEN, 2 (4.3%) CAR/Atp, 1 (2.1%) BEN/Atp and 1 (2.1%) with genotype Atp/Atp. The greater frequency of Cameroon haplotypes compared to other Brazilian states suggests the existence of a peculiarity of African origin in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.
ABSTRACT
βS haplotypes were studied in 47 non-related patients with sickle-cell anemia from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Molecular analysis was conducted by PCR/RFLP using restriction endonucleases XmnI, HindIII, HincII and HinfI to analyze six polymorphic sites from the beta cluster. Twenty-seven patients (57.5 percent) were identified with genotype CAR/CAR, 9 (19.1 percent) CAR/BEN, 6 (12.8 percent) CAR/CAM, 1 (2.1 percent) BEN/BEN, 2 (4.3 percent) CAR/Atp, 1 (2.1 percent) BEN/Atp and 1 (2.1 percent) with genotype Atp/Atp. The greater frequency of Cameroon haplotypes compared to other Brazilian states suggests the existence of a peculiarity of African origin in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics , beta-Globins , Haplotypes , Brazil , Genotype , Hemoglobin, Sickle , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Prophylactic surgery decisions are difficult. Supplemental information improves patients' knowledge, promoting active participation in decision-making. Our objective was to examine internet information regarding prophylactic surgery for familial adenomatous polyposis to determine its adequacy in facilitating patient participation in surgical decision-making. METHODS: We searched the internet for information on surgery for familial adenomatous polyposis, using an intentionally simple strategy to represent patients' searches. We examined the first 50 sites from each search, assessing each for content by using predefined criteria. Every site was evaluated by two investigators (kappa 0.71) by using the DISCERN criteria, a tool for evaluating quality of health information. Search-efficiency was calculated. RESULTS: Searches revealed 307,138 "hits"; 20 sites met inclusion criteria. GOOGLE demonstrated the highest search-efficiency (28 percent). Sites were maintained by general health pages (35 percent), hospitals (30 percent), professional organizations (15 percent), familial adenomatous polyposis registries (10 percent), and government (10 percent). Only 40 percent had been developed and/or updated within two years. Most included basic information regarding risk, symptoms, diagnosis, as well as discussion of familial adenomatous polyposis-associated diseases and surveillance (80-100 percent). Although 90 percent of sites presented surgical treatment options, only 60 percent provided details. Few provided information regarding postoperative bowel function (40 percent), sexual function (20 percent), or fertility (5 percent). Seven (35 percent) were identified as being of "good/excellent" quality. Only four were patient-oriented; variable information was provided. CONCLUSIONS: Internet information regarding surgical treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis is sparse, and insufficient to support active patient participation in decision-making. Despite the time and financial commitment required, development of high-quality internet resources may be justified given the lack of adequate patient-oriented information currently available.
Subject(s)
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/surgery , Decision Making , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Internet , Data Collection/methods , Humans , Outcome Assessment, Health CareABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Bowel function is an important outcome after rectal cancer surgery that affects quality of life (QOL). Postoperative bowel function is often assessed with QOL instruments, but their ability to detect functional differences has not been evaluated. This study evaluated the efficacy of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core (C)-30 and Colorectal (CR)-38 QOL instruments in identifying functional differences among patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery, grouped by clinical and treatment-related factors known to be associated with bowel function. METHODS: A total of 123 patients who underwent sphincter-preserving surgery for stage I to III rectal cancer completed the EORTC C-30 and CR-38 a median of 22.9 months after restoration of bowel continuity. The global QOL, Social and Physical Function subscales of the EORTC C-30, and Gastrointestinal (GI) Symptom and Defecation subscales of the EORTC CR-38 were hypothesized to be affected by bowel function. Known factors associated with function (age, sex, radiation, procedure, rectal reconstruction) were used to group patients. Differences in the QOL scores between patient groups were evaluated (t-test or analysis of variance). RESULTS: The global QOL was high, with a mean score of 76.84 +/- 18.6. The Defecation subscale detected differences in patients grouped by age (P = .002), use of radiation (P = .04), and procedure type (P = .05). However, the remaining subscales failed to identify any differences. CONCLUSIONS: We found neither the EORTC C-30 nor CR-38 to be sensitive instruments in delineating differences in bowel function. The use of a validated instrument designed to assess function in patients with rectal cancer will more effectively and efficiently identify those patients with poor postoperative function.
