Targeting miR-181a/b in retinitis pigmentosa: implications for disease progression and therapy.

BACKGROUND: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically heterogeneous group of degenerative disorders causing progressive vision loss due to photoreceptor death. RP affects other retinal cells, including the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). MicroRNAs (miRs) are implicated in RP pathogenesis, and downregulating miR-181a/b has shown therapeutic benefit in RP mouse models by improving mitochondrial function. This study investigates the expression profile of miR-181a/b in RPE cells and the neural retina during RP disease progression. We also evaluate how miR-181a/b downregulation, by knocking out miR-181a/b-1 cluster in RPE cells, confers therapeutic efficacy in an RP mouse model and explore the mechanisms underlying this process. RESULTS: Our findings reveal distinct expression profiles, with downregulated miR-181a/b in RPE cells suggesting a protective response and upregulated miR-181a/b in the neural retina indicating a role in disease progression. We found that miR-181a/b-2, encoded in a separate genomic cluster, compensates for miR-181a/b-1 ablation in RPE cells at late time points. The transient downregulation of miR-181a/b in RPE cells at post-natal week 6 (PW6) led to improved RPE morphology, retarded photoreceptor degeneration and decreased RPE aerobic glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study elucidates the underlying mechanisms associated with the therapeutic modulation of miR-181a/b, providing insights into the metabolic processes linked to its RPE-specific downregulation. Our data further highlights the impact of compensatory regulation between miR clusters with implications for the development of miR-based therapeutics.

Long-Term Low-Dose Pyrimethamine Use for the Prevention of Ocular Toxoplasmosis Recurrences: A Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: To describe the effect of long-term, low-dose pyrimethamine for the prevention of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) recurrences. METHODS: Sixty-three consecutive patients with inactive ocular toxoplasmosis and positive toxoplasma IgG serology were included. Pyrimethamine (25 mg) + folinic acid (15 mg) were administered every other day (three times weekly) for 12 months. Eighteen patients received the treatment for an additional six months as part of an extension study. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (60.3%, n = 63) were female; 38 (60.3%) had a previous history of recurrence and 37 (58.7%) had active OT within the preceding 12 months. Three (4.8%) patients had unilateral recurrences at 8, 12 and 18 months after starting intermittent pyrimethamine treatment. Five patients (7.9%) were discontinued due to hematological, renal and hepatic changes. Treatment was considered successful in 42 patients (84%). CONCLUSION: Long-term, low-dose pyrimethamine can be considered as a treatment option for the prevention of ocular toxoplasmosis recurrence in selected patients, with only a few, mild and reversible systemic adverse events.

Correlations between subfoveal choroidal thickness, macular thickness, and visual outcome in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using swept source OCT: insights from intravitreal aflibercept treatment.

BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment among individuals aged 50 and above, often resulting in irreversible vision loss (1). Currently, antiangiogenic therapy is the primary treatment approach for neovascular AMD (2). The choroid has gained significant attention in recent years due to its involvement in various ocular pathologies (7). The objective of this study was to evaluate visual acuity and correlate pre-treatment variables, such as foveal thickness and choroidal thickness, with post-treatment outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective interventional study to investigate the changes in choroidal and macular thickness in patients with neovascular AMD who received intravitreal aflibercept injections. The study utilized medical records and employed Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT-SS) for evaluation. The data was collected from patients treated in Presidente Prudente, Brazil, during a three-month load dose period. RESULTS: The best-corrected mean visual acuity significantly improved from 1.0 logarithm of the minimum resolution angle (logMAR) units to 0.55 logMAR after treatment with aflibercept (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing treatment exhibited a significant decrease in average macular thickness from 323 µm to 232 µm (p = 0.001), as well as a reduction in choroidal thickness from 206 µm to 172 µm (p = 0.031), while maintaining intraocular pressure within the normal range (p = 0.719) without significant variation. Statistically significant associations were found between the difference in pre- and post-treatment choroidal thickness and the pretreatment values of macular thickness (p = 0.005) and choroidal thickness (p = 0.013). There was also a statistically significant correlation between the difference in pre- and post-treatment macular thickness and the pretreatment macular thickness value (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, aflibercept exhibited remarkable effectiveness in reducing macular and choroidal thickness, as evaluated using OCT-SS, and significantly improved visual acuity in patients with neovascular AMD. The assessment of both choroidal and macular changes, as well as their correlations, can provide valuable insights for clinicians, enabling them to make well-informed therapeutic decisions and effectively monitor treatment outcomes. Notably, this study contributes to the existing body of literature as the first to establish a correlation between pretreatment foveal thickness, variation in choroidal thickness, and post-treatment choroidal thickness.

Metastatic and aggressive renal cell carcinoma mimicking a unilateral choroidal tuberculoma / Carcinoma de células renais metastático grave mimetizando tuberculoma de coroide unilateral

ABSTRACT Ocular metastases from systemic tumors are uncommon. The choroid is the most frequent target, with a preference for elderly individuals. Lung cancer is the predominant primary tumor that metastasizes to the eyes in males, although other ocular conditions such as uveitis and retinal lesions can mimic secondary tumor implants in ocular tissues. On fundoscopy, choroidal metastasis resembles other infectious processes, especially choroidal tuberculoma. Therefore, patients presenting with choroidal masses should undergo detailed clinical examinations, especially if the mass is the first manifestation of a systemic and severe disease. In this report, we describe a young man with a metastatic choroidal tumor secondary to papillary renal cell carcinoma mimicking a unilateral choroidal tuberculoma.

RESUMO A disseminação metastática ocular de tumores sistêmicos é incomum, ocorrendo principalmente na coroide e em pacientes idosos. O câncer de pulmão é considerado o principal tumor metastático ocular em homens, contudo, outras doenças oculares, como as uveítes e lesões retinianas, podem mimetizar os implantes secundários tumorais nos tecidos oculares. O aspecto fundoscópico das neoplasias da coroide pode apresentar similaridade com outros processos infecciosos, especialmente o tuberculoma de coroide. Dessa forma, a investigação clínica detalhada é de grande importância no diagnóstico de pacientes com massas coroideanas, especialmente quando configuram a primeira manifestação de uma doença sistêmica e grave. Relatamos um caso raro de metástase coroideana como primeira manifestação clínica do carcinoma de células renais em um homem jovem, mimetizando um tuberculoma de coroide.

Clinical and Therapeutic Evaluation of the Ten Most Prevalent CRB1 Mutations.

Mutations in the Crumbs homolog 1 (CRB1) gene lead to severe inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs), accounting for nearly 80,000 cases worldwide. To date, there is no therapeutic option for patients suffering from CRB1-IRDs. Therefore, it is of great interest to evaluate gene editing strategies capable of correcting CRB1 mutations. A retrospective chart review was conducted on ten patients demonstrating one or two of the top ten most prevalent CRB1 mutations and receiving care at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Patient phenotypes were consistent with previously published data for individual CRB1 mutations. To identify the optimal gene editing strategy for these ten mutations, base and prime editing designs were evaluated. For base editing, we adopted the use of a near-PAMless Cas9 (SpRY Cas9), whereas for prime editing, we evaluated the canonical NGG and NGA prime editors. We demonstrate that for the correction of c.2843G>A, p.(Cys948Tyr), the most prevalent CRB1 mutation, base editing has the potential to generate harmful bystanders. Prime editing, however, avoids these bystanders, highlighting its future potential to halt CRB1-mediated disease progression. Additional studies investigating prime editing for CRB1-IRDs are needed, as well as a thorough analysis of prime editing's application, efficiency, and safety in the retina.

Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in a Pediatric Group With Progressive Keratoconus: A 7-year Follow-up.

PURPOSE: To assess effectiveness and safety of corneal crosslinking (CXL) to reduce keratoconus (KC) progression and improve visual acuity among children with progressive KC and to analyze the use of 20% dextran-based (Dextran) and 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based (HPMC) riboflavin. DESIGN: Prospective, clinical cohort study METHODS: Standard CXL (SCXL) was performed in 74 eyes (58 patients, 45 males, mean age 13.0 ± 2.1 years): 53 eyes with HPMC and 21 with Dextran. Examinations were performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 years of follow-up, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), a complete ophthalmologic examination, anterior segment ocular coherence tomography, Scheimpflug corneal tomography, and specular microscopy. RESULTS: UDVA and CDVA improved at all periods with statistically significant differences in CDVA at 1, 2, and 3 years. Compared with baseline, maximum K (Max K) reduced throughout the 7-year follow-up. Mean thinnest pachymetry (Th Pachy) decreased significantly at 3 months and remained low; in the Dextran group, the Th Pachy mean value returned to baseline 6 months postoperatively. After CXL, 1.5 diopter progression in max K was 1.4% to 14.6% of eyes; worsening was found at 4 to 7 years postoperatively. CONCLUSION: SCXL reduced KC progression in children up to 7 years of follow-up and revealed improvement and stability of UDVA and CDVA in 82% of eyes. For visual acuity and KC stability, no statistically significant difference was observed between Dextran-HPMC. The HPMC group showed persistent cornea thinning, raising concerns about its use in SCXL.

Metastatic and aggressive renal cell carcinoma mimicking a unilateral choroidal tuberculoma.

Ocular metastases from systemic tumors are uncommon. The choroid is the most frequent target, with a preference for elderly individuals. Lung cancer is the predominant primary tumor that metastasizes to the eyes in males, although other ocular conditions such as uveitis and retinal lesions can mimic secondary tumor implants in ocular tissues. On fundoscopy, choroidal metastasis resembles other infectious processes, especially choroidal tuberculoma. Therefore, patients presenting with choroidal masses should undergo detailed clinical examinations, especially if the mass is the first manifestation of a systemic and severe disease. In this report, we describe a young man with a metastatic choroidal tumor secondary to papillary renal cell carcinoma mimicking a unilateral choroidal tuberculoma.

Optical fiber specklegram sensor for multi-point curvature measurements.

We present a multi-point curvature sensor based on optical fiber specklegram measurements. Apart from the current approaches, the proposed system uses an ordinary multimode fiber excited with visible light as a reflection-type probe. Besides, this method discretizes the waveguide into segments connected by joints and assumes sequential bend events, simplifying the specklegram referencing for correlation analyses and avoiding laborious deep learning processing. Sensor characterization yielded a linear response with ∼1.3∘ resolution for single curvatures, whereas shape prediction experiments in the plane resulted in maximum errors of ∼3.5∘ and ∼5.4mm for angular and linear positioning, respectively. Furthermore, exploratory tests indicated errors <2.3∘ regarding probe curvatures in the space. This research introduces a feasible, straightforward alternative to the available shape sensors, enabling applications in medical probes and soft robotics.

Synthesis of Carbon Nanodots from Sugarcane Syrup, and Their Incorporation into a Hydrogel-Based Composite to Fabricate Innovative Fluorescent Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibers.

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are interesting materials due to their intrinsic fluorescence, electron-transfer properties, and low toxicity. Here, we report a sustainable, cheap, and scalable methodology to obtain CNDs from sugarcane syrup using a domestic microwave oven. The CNDs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, absorption, and emission spectroscopies. The CNDs have 3 nm in diameter with low polydispersity and are fluorescent. A fluorescent hydrogel-CNDs composite was obtained using gelatin polypeptide as the polymeric matrix. The new hydrogel-CNDs composite was incorporated in the cavities of a double-clad optical fiber using an innovative approach that resulted in a microstructured polymer optical fiber with intrinsic fluorescence. This work shows a promising alternative for the fabrication of fluorescent materials since the CNDs synthesis is sustainable and environmentally friendly. These CNDs might substitute the rare-earth and other heavy metals of high cost and toxicity, which are usually incorporated in double-clad fibers for applications on lasers, amplifiers, and spectroscopy.

Pediatric Crosslinking: Current Protocols and Approach.

Keratoconus (KC) is likely to be more aggressive in the pediatric population, with a higher risk of progression and visual loss. Several techniques have been proposed for corneal crosslinking (CXL) so far. The standard CXL (SCXL) technique, or the Dresden Protocol, originally developed by Wollensak et al., has been shown to be safe and effective in the pediatric KC group. With similar efficacy to the conventional method, the accelerated CXL (ACXL) protocols proposed a reduced UVA exposure time by increasing the intensity of UVA irradiation. Transepithelial CXL (TCXL), considered an "epithelium-on" method, emerged as a strategy to improve safety and reduce postoperative complications and discomfort. For thinner corneas, we can highlight the use of hypoosmolar riboflavin and new studies, such as contact lens-assisted CXL (CACXL), the epithelial-island CXL (EI-CXL), and the Sub400 protocol. In addition to the different protocols used, another factor that changes CXL results is the type of carrier used: dextran-based or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based (HPMC) riboflavin solutions. There are several ways to perform a CXL surgery, and it is still unclear which method is the safest and most effective in the pediatric group. This review of the literature in English, available in PubMed, provides an update on corneal CXL in the pediatric KC group, exploring the data on the techniques currently used and under investigation, including their advantages, efficacy, safety profiles, risks, and cost analyses.

Machine learning for sensing with a multimode exposed core fiber specklegram sensor.

Fiber specklegram sensors (FSSs) traditionally use statistical methods to analyze specklegrams obtained from fibers for sensing purposes, but can suffer from limitations such as vulnerability to noise and lack of dynamic range. In this paper we demonstrate that deep learning improves the analysis of specklegrams for sensing, which we show here for both air temperature and water immersion length measurements. Two deep neural networks (DNNs); a convolutional neural network and a multi-layer perceptron network, are used and compared to a traditional correlation technique on data obtained from a multimode fiber exposed-core fiber. The ability for the DNNs to be trained against a random noise source such as specklegram translations is also demonstrated.

Correlation between Placido-disc and rotating Scheimpflug keratometric findings before and after corneal crosslinking in children with keratoconus.

PURPOSE: To evaluate correlation between Placido-disc and rotating Scheimpflug keratometric findings in children with progressive keratoconus (KC) before and after corneal crosslinking (CXL) and investigate whether these limits of agreement varied according to disease severity. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology of São Paulo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized open study. METHODS: Data obtained using rotating Scheimpflug-based tomography and Placido-disc-based topography devices were collected from preoperative and last follow-up postoperative children with KC operated on using standard CXL protocol. Correlation and agreement analyses were performed between the 2 devices before and after CXL to obtain keratometric (K) findings. RESULTS: 44 eyes from 44 patients aged 8 to 16 years were analyzed at all timepoints. All parameters were found to be strongly correlated before ( r = 0.84 to 0.99, P < .001) and after ( r = 0.93 to 0.99, P < .001) CXL. The mean Scheimpflug measurements of flat K, steep K, Kmax, mean K, and corneal astigmatism were higher than Placido-disc measurements in a preoperative period. This mean difference decreased in postoperative, but, with exception of Kmax and corneal astigmatism, Scheimpflug measurements remained higher. The mean parameter measurements from both devices decreased after CXL; 95% limits of agreement between instruments were wide for all parameters and decreased in postoperative and in mild KC. CONCLUSIONS: Keratometry measurements obtained using rotating Scheimpflug and Placido-disc technology were found to be closely correlated but not interchangeable before and after CXL in pediatric patients. Agreement between devices was better after CXL and in mild KC than in advanced KC.

Sequence of focal choroidal excavation types in a patient with bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy.

A 39-year-old policeman complained of decreased bilateral central vision over the last two years. On examination, visual acuity was 20/40 and 20/400 in the right (OD) and left eye (OS), respectively, and fundoscopy revealed a bilateral hypopigmented macular lesion. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography demonstrated leakage and hyperintense spots, respectively, within the macular areas. At baseline, optical coherence tomography showed subretinal fluid in the OD and a conforming focal choroidal excavation in the OS. Focal choroidal excavation converted from conforming to nonconforming type at 4-month follow-up and then reversed to conforming type at 12-month follow-up, and was associated with incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina atrophy over the area of excavation. Pachyvessels were also evidenced in the choroid, without neovascularization. We report for the first time a case of focal choroidal excavation that progressed from conforming to nonconforming type and then reverted to its primary configuration (conforming type) in a patient with concurrent bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy.

Nodular anterior scleritis associated with Berger's disease.

A 45-year-old female patient presented with a complaint of right eye redness and pain for 7 days. She was under investigation for urinary abnormalities and reported a previous history of recurrent oral ulcers and ocular hyperemia in both eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 and 20/20 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the ocular surface of the right eye revealed nasal scleral hyperemia that persisted after instillation of topical phenylephrine 10%, reinforcing the diagnosis of anterior scleritis. Renal biopsy showed immunoglobulin A immune complexes and confirmed the suspected diagnosis of Berger's disease. Maintenance immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine following a 6-month induction of remission with cyclophosphamide was necessary after pulse therapy with methylprednisolone. Scleritis is usually related to systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and polyangiitis. Herein, we describe a rare case of unilateral anterior scleritis associated with Berger's disease.

Nodular anterior scleritis associated with Berger's disease / Esclerite anterior nodular associada à doença de Berger

ABSTRACT A 45-year-old female patient presented with a complaint of right eye redness and pain for 7 days. She was under investigation for urinary abnormalities and reported a previous history of recurrent oral ulcers and ocular hyperemia in both eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 and 20/20 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the ocular surface of the right eye revealed nasal scleral hyperemia that persisted after instillation of topical phenylephrine 10%, reinforcing the diagnosis of anterior scleritis. Renal biopsy showed immunoglobulin A immune complexes and confirmed the suspected diagnosis of Berger's disease. Maintenance immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine following a 6-month induction of remission with cyclophosphamide was necessary after pulse therapy with methylprednisolone. Scleritis is usually related to systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and polyangiitis. Herein, we describe a rare case of unilateral anterior scleritis associated with Berger's disease.

RESUMO Paciente de 45 anos, sexo feminino queixava-se de hiperemia e dor no olho direito há sete dias. Encontrava-se sob investigação de alterações urinárias e relatou história pregressa de úlceras orais e hiperemia ocular bilateral recorrentes. A acuidade visual corrigida era de 20/30 no olho direito e 20/20 no esquerdo. A biomicroscopia da superfície ocular do olho direito revelou intensa hiperemia escleral em região nasal que persistiu após a instilação de fenilefrina tópica a 10%, reforçando o diagnóstico clínico de esclerite anterior unilateral. A biópsia renal revelou a presença de imunocomplexos de IgA e confirmou a hipótese de doença de Berger. Uma terapia imunossupressora de manutenção com azatioprina após 6 meses de indução de remissão com ciclofosfamida foi necessária após pulsoterapia com metilprednisolona. A esclerite geralmente está relacionada a doenças autoimunes sistêmicas, como artrite reumatoide e poliangeite. Descrevemos aqui um caso raro de esclerite anterior unilateral associada à doença de Berger.

Multimode exposed core fiber specklegram sensor.

The inception of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) allowed for unprecedented tailoring of waveguide properties for specialty sensing probes. Exposed core microstructured fibers (ECFs) represent a natural evolution of the PCF design for practical liquid and gas sensing. Until now, to the best of our knowledge, only single-mode or few-modes ECFs have been explored. In this Letter, we demonstrate a highly multimode ECF with a lateral access that extends throughout the whole length of the fiber. The ECF is operated as a fiber specklegram sensor for assessing properties of fluids and interrogated using a simple and low-cost setup. The probe exhibits a refractive index resolution and sensitivity of at least 4.6×10-4 refractive index units (RIUs) and -10.97RIU-1, respectively. A maximum temperature resolution up to 0.017°C with a -0.20∘C-1 temperature sensitivity over the 23°C-28°C range and a liquid level sensing resolution up to 0.12 mm with -0.015mm-1 sensitivity over the 0.0-50.0 mm bathed the length range in water.

Comparative Analysis of Functional and Structural Decline in Retinitis Pigmentosas.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a category of inherited retinal dystrophies that is best prognosticated using electroretinography (ERG). In this retrospective cohort study of 25 patients with RP, we evaluated the correlation between 30 Hz flicker ERG and structural parameters in the retina. Internationally standardized 30 Hz flicker ERG recordings, short-wavelength autofluorescence (SW-AF), and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were acquired at two visits at least one year apart. Vertical and horizontal hyperautofluorescent ring diameter measurements with SW-AF, as well as ellipsoid zone (EZ) line width measurements with SD-OCT, were used as structural parameters of disease progression. The 30 Hz flicker ERG amplitude decreased by 2.2 ± 0.8 µV/year (p = 0.011), while implicit times remained unchanged. For SD-OCT, the EZ line decreased by 204.1 ± 34.7 µm/year (p < 0.001). Horizontal and vertical hyperautofluorescent ring diameters decreased by 161.9 ± 25.6 µm/year and 146.9 ± 34.6 µm/year, respectively (p = 0.001), with SW-AF. A correlation was found between the progression rates of the 30 Hz flicker amplitude recorded with Burian-Allen electrodes and both the horizontal ring diameter (p = 0.020) and EZ line (p = 0.044). SW-AF and SD-OCT, two readily available imaging techniques, may be used to prognosticate disease progression because of the reliability of their measurements and correlation with functional outcome.

Agarose-based structured optical fibre.

Biocompatible and resorbable optical fibres emerge as promising technologies for in vivo applications like imaging, light delivery for phototherapy and optogenetics, and localised drug-delivery, as well as for biochemical sensing, wherein the probe can be implanted and then completely absorbed by the organism. Biodegradable waveguides based on glasses, hydrogels, and silk have been reported, but most of these devices rely on complex fabrication procedures. In this sense, this paper proposes a novel structured optical fibre made of agarose, a transparent, edible material used in culture media and tissue engineering. The fibre is obtained by pouring food-grade agar into a mould with stacked rods, forming a solid core surrounded by air holes in which the refractive index and fibre geometry can be tailored by choosing the agarose solution composition and mould design, respectively. Besides exhibiting practical transmittance at 633 nm in relation to other hydrogel waveguides, the fibre is also validated for chemical sensing either by detecting volume changes due to agar swelling/dehydration or modulating the transmitted light by inserting fluids into the air holes. Therefore, the proposed agarose-based structured optical fibre is an easy-to-fabricate, versatile technology with possible applications for medical imaging and in vivo biochemical sensing.

Reusable polymer optical fiber strain sensor with memory capability based on ABS crazing.

A reusable memory capable polymer optical fiber (POF) strain sensor is reported. The fiber consists of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) core and polymethylmethacrylate cladding. The memory capability is derived from stress whitening due to crazing of the ABS core, which can be reversed by heating the fiber close to the ABS glass transition temperature. The probe was characterized under transverse compressive load, macrobending, and tensile loading. Testing shows that the optical properties of the fiber can be reversed to near pristine ABS conditions after thermal recovery and that the POF can be used on the accurate assessment of indentation, flexural and tensile loading, static or cyclical, even after removal of the load. The reusability of the proposed sensor combined with a deeper understanding of the memory mechanisms in POFs are of great interest for the development of new large-strain sensors for modern applications.

Unilateral acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in a patient with a strongly positive purified protein derivative test / Epiteliopatia pigmentar placóide multifocal posterior aguda unilateral na presença de reação forte positiva para o teste tuberculínico

ABSTRACT A 27-year-old man presented with a complaint of decreased visual acuity in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Right eye fundoscopy revealed mild vitritis, multifocal yellowish lesions, and macular serous retinal detachment. Left eye evaluation was normal. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy was diagnosed in the right eye. Complementary exams revealed a strong reaction to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative test, thus treatment for tuberculosis was initiated. Baseline fluorescein angiography of the right eye revealed early hypofluorescence and late staining of the lesions. Optical coherence tomography of the right eye demonstrated the accumulation of subretinal and intraretinal fluid associated with cystoid macular edema. During follow-up, the retinal fluid and cysts disappeared, which was followed by disorganization of foveal interdigitation and ellipsoid zones. This is the second described case of unilateral acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in a patient with a strong positive result to the M. tuberculosis purified protein derivative test.

RESUMO Um homem de 27 anos apresentou uma queixa de diminuição da acuidade visual no olho direito. A acuidade visual melhor corrigida foi 20/60 no olho direito e 20/20 no olho esquerdo. A fundoscopia do olho direito revelou vitreíte leve, lesões amareladas multifocais e descolamento seroso da retina em região macular. A avaliação do olho esquerdo foi normal. Epiteliopatia pigmentar placóide multifocal posterior aguda foi diagnosticada no olho direito. Os exames complementares revelaram forte reação ao teste do derivado proteico purificado Mycobacterium tuberculosis, iniciando terapia antibiótica contra tuberculose. A angiografia fluoresceínica basal do olho direito revelou hipofluorescência precoce e tardia das lesões. A tomografia de coerência óptica do olho direito demonstrou fluído sub- e intrarretiniano associado a edema macular cistóide. Durante o seguimento, os fluídos e cistos retinianos desapareceram, seguido da desorganização das zonas de interdigitação e elipsóide em região foveal. Este é o segundo caso descrito de epiteliopatia pigmentar placóide multifocal posterior aguda unilateral em um paciente com um forte resultado positivo para o teste tuberculínico.