First colombian tricuspid endovascular valve in valve using kissing balloon technique for failed bioprosthesis annular cracking / El primer caso colombiano de reemplazo percutáneo válvula en válvula tricúspide utilizando la técnica de kissing balloon con fractura anular por falla bioprostética

Abstract We present the first case in Colombia of tricuspid endovascular valve in valve for failed bioprosthesis in a 40 years old patient with very high operative risk with great results, proposing kissing balloon annulus cracking technique as a practical solution for the colombian specialists.

Resumen Se presenta el primer caso en Colombia de un reemplazo percutáneo tipo válvula en válvula por falla de bioprótesis tricúspide en un paciente de 40 años con un muy alto riesgo quirúrgico, con excelentes resultados, proponiendo la técnica kissing balloon de fractura anular como una solución práctica para los especialistas colombianos.

Unveiling the causes of pericardial effusion in a contemporary case series of pericardiocentesis in Latin America.

Pericardial effusions requiring pericardiocentesis have multiple causes that vary among geographical regions and health contexts. This procedure can be performed for diagnostic or therapeutic indications. The purpose of this study was to identify the principal causes of pericardial effusions and indications for pericardiocentesis, exploring differences among groups. This was a retrospective case series of patients who underwent pericardiocentesis for pericardial effusion in a single center in Latin America. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural variables were recorded and analyzed. The primary outcome was to determine the causes of pericardial effusions in these patients and the indication (diagnostic, therapeutic, or both). The results are presented in two groups (inflammatory and noninflammatory) according to the cause of the pericardial effusion. One hundred sixteen patients with pericardial effusion underwent pericardiocentesis. The median age was 58 years (IQR 46.2-70.7), and 50% were male. In the noninflammatory pericardial effusion group, there were 61 cases (53%), among which neoplastic pericardial effusion was the most frequent cause (n = 25, 40.9%). In the inflammatory group, there were 55 cases (47%), and the main cause was postpericardiectomy syndrome after cardiac surgery (n = 31, 56.4%). In conclusion, the principal indication for pericardiocentesis was therapeutic (n = 66, 56.8%). Large pericardial effusion without hemodynamic effect of cardiac tamponade was significantly more frequent in the inflammatory group (p = 0.03). The principal cause of pericardial effusion in patients who underwent pericardiocentesis was postpericardiectomy syndrome after cardiac surgery, followed by neoplastic pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis is mainly a therapeutic procedure.

First Colombian tricuspid endovascular valve in valve using kissing balloon technique for failed bioprosthesis annular cracking / Primer valve in valve tricúspideo en Colombia usando la técnica Kissing Balloon para ruptura anular de la bioprótesis deteriorada

Abstract We present the first case in Colombia of tricuspid endovascular valve in valve for failed bioprosthesis in a 40-year-old patient with very high operative risk with great results, proposing kissing balloon annulus cracking technique as a practical solution for the Colombian specialists.

Resumen Presentamos el primer caso en Colombia de valve in valve tricúspideo para una bioprótesis deteriorada en una paciente de 40 años con muy alto riesgo quirúrgico con muy buenos resultados, y se propone la técnica de kissing balloon para ruptura anular como una solución practica para los especialistas en Colombia.

High frequency of coronary artery ectasia in obstructive sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a greater risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, the frequency of specific coronary artery vascular phenotypes, such as coronary artery ectasia (CAE), which has a frequency of 5% in the general population, has not been studied in patients with OSA. This study aimed to estimate CAE frequency in patients with OSA who underwent coronary angiography. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. The results of each polysomnography were reviewed, classifying OSA severity according to the apnea-hypopnea index. Each coronary angiography was reviewed. CAE was defined and classified according to the scales described in the literature. Two groups of patients were classified and compared (OSA/CAE group vs OSA/non-CAE group). RESULTS: We identified the frequency of CAE in 185 patients with OSA who underwent coronary angiography. The frequency of CAE was 18.4% in these patients. ST-elevation myocardial infarction as the indication for coronary angiography was significantly greater in the OSA/CAE group than the OSA/non-CAE group (26.5% vs 9.9%; P = .02); 62% of the patients having severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 30 events/h). These patients in the OSA/CAE group had a significantly higher median apnea-hypopnea index than in the OSA/non-CAE group (72.5 events/h vs 53.5 events/h, respectively; P = .039). The CAE severity was not directly related to the OSA severity. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of CAE in patients with OSA is higher than that reported for the general population. The severity of OSA is related to the presence of CAE but not to its severity. CITATION: del Portillo JH, Hernandez BM, Bazurto MA, Echeverri D, Cabrales J. High frequency of coronary artery ectasia in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(2):433-438.

MitraClip® as bridging strategy for heart transplantation in Chagas cardiomyopathy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage heart failure, suffering from severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, are not eligible for heart transplant due to high mortality risk and primary graft dysfunction. Severe PH may be favoured by functional severe mitral regurgitation, which is present in many cardiopathies like end-stage Chagasic cardiomyopathy. CASE SUMMARY: We present a case of a young man with end-stage heart failure secondary to Chagas cardiomyopathy with severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and severe PH. The patient received percutaneous correction with MitraClip® system reducing PH and making him a suitable candidate for heart transplant. DISCUSSION: In patients with advanced heart failure, FMR, and severe PH, optimal treatment according to current guide lines is recommended. MitraClip® therapy appears to be safe and effective for control of severe PH as a bridge measure for cardiac transplantation.

Sobrevida y libertad de reoperación en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento endovascular de enfermedades de la aorta / Reoperation-free survival in patients subjected to endovascular treatment of diseases of the aorta

Resumen Introducción: El manejo endovascular para patologías de la aorta ha aumentado como opción para pacientes de alto riesgo quirúrgico de cirugía convencional abierta. Los resultados a corto plazo para mortalidad, libertad de enfermedad y reintervención, evidencian resultados favorables respecto a la cirugía abierta, pero a mediano (1-12 meses) y largo plazo (>1 año) no existen resultados en nuestro medio. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte bidireccional, en el cual se realizó el segmento retrospectivo en pacientes sometidos a manejo endovascular con prótesis aórtica y el segmento prospectivo en el seguimiento de los pacientes. Resultados: Se identificaron 194 pacientes entre abril de 2002 y diciembre de 2015 sometidos a tratamiento endovascular, que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. El seguimiento se completó en el 82,2%. 92 casos (56.8%) de aorta abdominal con un seguimiento de 4,9 años (RIC 2,5-8,9. La sobrevida calculada fue 92% al año, 86% 2 años y 66.4% a los 5 años. El periodo libre de enfermedad fue 88.7% al año, 86.4% 2 años y 78.5% a los 10 años y 13 pacientes requirieron reintervención. 67 casos de aorta torácica con un seguimiento de 5,3 años (RIC 2,9-10.2), la sobrevida calculada 94% al año, 90.7% 2 años y 75.2% a los 5 años. El periodo libre de enfermedad fue 88.7% al año, 86.4% 2 años y 78.5% a los 10 años y 9 pacientes requirieron reintervención. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos son favorables e incentivan para continuar ofreciendo el abordaje endovascular ya que la supervivencia y la libertad de reoperación se encuentran de acuerdo con lo reportado en la literatura.

Abstract Introduction: The endovascular management for diseases of the aorta has increased as an option for patients of high risk for conventional open surgery. The short-term mortality, disease-free and reoperation results, show favourable outcomes compared to open surgery, but there are no results available in this country for the medium (1-12 months) and long-term (>1 year). Methods: A bi-directional cohort study, in which the retrospective segment was conducted on patients subjected to endovascular management with an aortic replacement, and the prospective segment on the follow-up of the patients. Results: A total of 194 patients, subjected to endovascular treatment and met the inclusion criteria, were identified between April 2002 and December 2015. The follow-up was completed in 82.2% of cases. There were 92 (56.8%) cases of abdominal aorta with a mean follow-up of 4.9 years (95% range; 2.5-8.9). The calculated survival was 92% at one year, 86% at 2 years, and 66.4% at 5 years. The period free of disease was 88.7% at one year, 86.4% at 2 years, and 78.5% at 10 years, with 13 patients requiring re-operation. There were 67 cases of thoracic aorta, with a mean follow-up of 5.3 years (95% range; 2.9-10.2). The calculated survival was 94% at one year, 90.7% at 2 years, and 75.2% at 5 years. The period free of disease was 88.7% at one year, 86.4% at 2 years, and 78.5% at 10 years, and 9 patients required re-operation. Conclusions: The results obtained are favourable and are encouraging to continue offering the endovascular approach since the re-operation survival is similar to that reported in the literature.

Validation of Central and Peripheral Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Variables Using an Oscillometric Method.

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral and central blood pressures are parameters of arterial stiffness and important cardiovascular risk markers. Today, there are non-invasive methods that measure these pressures. AIM: To validate the non-invasive oscillometric method, compared with invasive pressure measurements obtained by cardiac catheterization. METHODS: An open, prospective cohort clinical study in 100 patients, 64 ± 11 years old. The measurement of peripheral and central blood pressures obtained using the Arteriograph® system oscillometric method, (TensioMed, Budapest-Hungary, Ltd.) was validated in an adult population undergoing simultaneous, contralateral left cardiac catheterization (gold standard) using the radial technique, evaluating the correlation and agreement between the two methods. This study fulfils the latest standardized protocol for central blood pressure validation published by ARTERY Society. RESULTS: The pressures obtained with the Arteriograph® show a high correlation with the pressures measured using the gold standard. Overall, the intraclass correlation coefficient for brachial pressures was 0.80 (p < 0.001), and 0.91 (p < 0.001) for central pressures. The good agreement between the two methods was demonstrated equally by the Bland-Altman method and independent linear regressions for each variable. CONCLUSIONS: The oscillometric noninvasive method employed is easy to use and valid for estimating hemodynamic variables such as central and peripheral arterial pressure, having good agreement and conformity with the gold standard in a different type of patients and conditions. This technique can help optimize cardiovascular assessment in primary and secondary prevention, enhance treatment in selected patients and it could be an important element for future cardiovascular prevention.

Estenosis aórtica severa asintomática ¿Observar mejor que operar? / Asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis ¿Is it better to observe than to operate?

La estenosis aórtica es la valvulopatía primaria más frecuente en el mundo; alcanza una prevalencia estimada en 7,6 millones de personas mayores de 75 años en Europa y Estados Unidos, aunado al aumento en la expectativa de vida de la población mundial que hará que esta tasa continúe en ascenso1. En el momento del diagnóstico de esta valvulopatía, aproximadamente el 50% de los pacientes son asintomáticos y varios pueden tener a fracción de eyección (FE) preservada; a este tipo de pacientes se les ha clasificado en un estadio C1 según la guía de la Asociación americana del corazón/Colegio americano de Cardiología (AHA/ACC, sus siglas en inglés) del año 2014. Su manejo consiste en un seguimiento clínico y ecocardiográfico cada 6 a 12 meses (recomendación dada por expertos y basada en estudios retrospectivos) (2. Sin embargo, se benefician de un reemplazo valvular temprano aquellos que tienen riesgo quirúrgico bajo (puntaje < 4 según la Sociedad de cirujanos del tórax -STS, su sigla en inglés-) y tienen características adicionales de mal pronóstico, tales como síntomas desencadenados por una prueba de esfuerzo, calcificación severa de la válvula con limitación para su apertura, velocidad de flujo transvalvular > 5 m/s, gradiente medio > 60 mm Hg y aumento de la velocidad de flujo valvular de más de 0,3 m/s/año3. Recientemente, la actualización de la guía AHA/ACC de 2017 recomienda el reemplazo valvular aórtico quirúrgico tanto para los pacientes con estenosis aórtica severa sintomáticos (estadio D), como para los asintomáticos (estadio C) que cumplan con alguna indicación quirúrgica, siempre y cuando el riesgo quirúrgico sea bajo o intermedio3. Dicha recomendación podría interpretarse de dos formas: todos los pacientes con estenosis aórtica severa independientemente de los síntomas deberán ser llevados a reemplazo valvular aórtico quirúrgico, o los pacientes asintomáticos deberán tener alguna característica de mal pronóstico para ser llevados a cirugía; esta última interpretación es la que concuerda con el texto de las guías del 2014. Por su parte, la guía de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología de 20174 propone que la observación en pacientes sin factores de mal pronóstico parece ser segura, mientras que es poco probable que la cirugía temprana traiga beneficio.

Stent liberadores de medicamento en enfermedad coronaria prematura en jóvenes conhipercolesterolemia familiar homocigota y trasplante hepático previo / Drug-eluting stents in premature coronary disease in young people with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and prior liver transplantation

Resumen La hipercolesterolemia familiar es una enfermedad genética que se caracteriza por niveles muy elevados de colesterol y lipoproteínas de baja densidad en suero, xantomas tendinosos y aterosclerosis prematura. La forma heterocigota es la más común; alcanza una prevalencia de aproximadamente 1 de cada 300 a 500 personas en el mundo, en tanto que la homocigota, autosómica dominante, es la forma más rara, con una prevalencia de 1 en 1 millón de personas. Esta se caracteriza por hipercolesterolemia severa, que conlleva enfermedad cardiovascular prematura y a menudo no responde al tratamiento tradicional por la falta de receptores para c-LDL funcionales. Los niveles de c-LDL pueden superar seis a diez veces los valores normales, en cuyo caso el trasplante de hígado se ha convertido en el tratamiento de elección para los pacientes que no responden a tratamientos farmacológicos de rutina. Se presentan dos casos con hipercolesterolemia familiar homocigota en jóvenes de 14 y 15 años, con antecedente de trasplante de hígado y enfermedad coronaria severa en vasos principales (descendente anterior y coronaria derecha) a quienes se les hizo implante exitoso de stent liberador de medicamento.

Abstract Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder characterised by very high cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins serum levels, tendon xanthomas and premature atherosclerosis. Heterozygous form is the most common, with a prevalence of approximately 1 out of 300 to 500 people worldwide, whereas the homozygous, autosomal dominant, is the rarest form, with a prevalence of 1 out of 1 million people. It is characterised by severe hypercholesterolemia leading to premature cardiovascular disease, and it often does not respond to traditional therapy due to the lack of receptors for functional LDL-c. LDL-c levels can exceed between six and ten times the normal values, in which case liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients who do not respond to routine pharmacological therapies. This study presents two cases of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in young patients aged 14 and 15, with prior liver transplantation and severe coronary disease in major vessels (anterior descending artery and right coronary artery) who underwent successful implant of a drug-eluting stent.

Papel de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales en el tratamiento de la enfermedad coronaria / The role of the new oral anticoagulants in the treatment of coronary disease

Los nuevos anticoagulantes orales llegaron para quedarse en la prevención de ataques cerebrovasculares isquémicos en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular. Varios estudios clínicos han establecido su eficacia y seguridad1-3. Sin embargo, el papel que pueden tener en otras patologías, como la enfermedad coronaria, no está bien estudiado y todavía existen varias e importantes preguntas sin responder. Una de estas es su papel en la prevención secundaria de la enfermedad coronaria, dado que a pesar de un tratamiento médico óptimo y la doble terapia antiplaquetaria, el riesgo de reinfarto ha disminuido tan solo un 30%, fenómeno posiblemente explicado por otros factores relacionados, como el metabolismo lipídico, el estado inflamatorio y el estado protrombótico en el que el factor X activado (Xa), tiene un rol fundamental al generar la conversión de protrombina inactiva a trombina, la cual es el agonista más potente para la agregación plaquetaria4,5. El segundo interrogante está relacionado con los pacientes que tienen fibrilación auricular no valvular y enfermedad coronaria que requieren implante de un stent, en quienes los nuevos anticoagulantes orales podrían llegar a ser una alternativa en combinación con antiagregantes plaquetarios. Actualmente, en Colombia se cuenta con dos tipos de nuevos anticoagulantes orales, los inhibidores directos del factor X activado (rivaroxabán y apixabán) y los inhibidores directos de la trombina (dabigatrán), que pueden ser una nueva herramienta terapéutica para responder a estos interrogantes. Los inhibidores del factor Xa suprimen la síntesis de trombina de una manera indirecta al inhibir este factor, mientras que los antitrombínicos directos inhiben la actividad de la trombina.

Terapia de restauración vascular con plataformas biorreabsorbibles. La cuarta revolución / Vascular restoration therapy using bioresorbable scaffolds. The fourth revolution

Con la aprobación y concesión del Registro Sanitario 201300 4713 del 25 de febrero de 2013, con vigencia hasta el año 2023, por parte del Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos como órgano oficial del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia, a la plataforma biorreabsorbible Absorb BVS®, con el nombre de stent medicado biorreabsorbible, la introducción de estas plataformas al portafolio terapéutico del cardiólogo intervencionista para el tratamiento de pacientes seleccionados con enfermedad coronaria, ha generado gran expectativa gracias a la seguridad y eficacia que han demostrado en comparación con los stents liberadores de medicamento, con resultados de no inferioridad y con el ofrecimiento de una serie de ventajas por las cuales ha sido considerado la «cuarta revolución¼. En este artículo se hace una revisión acerca de las plataformas existentes, de su mecanismo de acción, así como de sus potenciales ventajas y limitaciones.

The approval and the concession of the Health Registration 201300 4713 dated February 25th 2013, in force until 2013, by the National Institute of Food and Drug Monitoring as a body of the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection, in favor of the Absorb BVS® bioresorbable scaffold, under the name of bioresorbable medicated stent, has created high expectations regarding the introduction of these scaffolds in the therapeutic repertoire of the interventional cardiologist for treatment of selected patients with coronary disease. The security and efficiency that they have shown in comparison to the drug-eluting stents, with results of non-inferiority and offering various advantages, have been the reasons why they have been called the fourth revolution. This article reviews the existing scaffolds and their operating methods, as well as their advantages and limitations.

Statins and percutaneous coronary intervention: a complementary synergy.

The inclusion of statins and stents in coronary disease management during the 1980s has marked a dramatic change in the natural history of the disease. Separately, each of these therapies have progressed rapidly and have achieved a prime position in the current armamentarium. The simultaneous use of statins in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures with stent implantation has shown a significant beneficial synergistic effect by reducing ischemia and necrosis, and improving coronary blood flow in patients with stable coronary disease, as well as in acute coronary syndromes. The use of high dose statins in conjunction with coronary angioplasty with stent implantation has shown great efficacy and safety in patients with severe coronary disease.

Statins and percutaneous coronary intervention: A complementary synergy

The inclusion of statins and stents in coronary disease management during the 1980s has marked a dramatic change in the natural history of the disease. Separately, each of these therapies have progressed rapidly and have achieved a prime position in the current armamentarium. The simultaneous use of statins in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures with stent implantation has shown a significant beneficial synergistic effect by reducing ischemia and necrosis, and improving coronary blood flow in patients with stable coronary disease, as well as in acute coronary syndromes. The use of high dose statins in conjunction with coronary angioplasty with stent implantation has shown great efficacy and safety in patients with severe coronary disease (AU)

La inclusión de las estatinas y stents en el manejo de la enfermedad coronaria durante la década de 1980 marcó un cambio dramático en la historia natural de la enfermedad. Cada una de estas terapias por separado han mostrado una rápida evolución y ha alcanzado una posición privilegiada en el arsenal terapéutico actual. El uso simultáneo de las estatinas en los pacientes sometidos a procedimientos de revascularización coronaria percutánea con implantación de stent ha demostrado un efecto sinérgico significativo para reducir la isquemia y necrosis, mejorando el flujo sanguíneo coronario en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria estable, así como en los síndromes coronarios agudos. El uso de estatinas dosis altas en relación con la angioplastia coronaria con implantación de stent ha demostrado una gran eficacia y seguridad en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria severa (AU)

Effects of the simultaneous use of drug-eluting stents and statins in an atherosclerotic animal model.

INTRODUCTION: The use of statins and medicated stents (MS) is the best available therapy for the treatment of severe coronary disease in selected cases. However, the vascular effects of the simultaneous use of both therapies are unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study was carried out on 60 NZ rabbits with advanced atherosclerosis, distributed in four groups of 15 animals each. Group 1: Control. Group 2: paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) in the thoracic aorta. Group 3: Atorvastatin 2.5mg/day po+PES implant, and Group 4: Atorvastatin 2.5mg/day po. They were followed up at 30, 60 and 90 days. Histo-morphometric analyses were carried out. RESULTS: A total of 60 PES were successfully implanted. One animal from Group 3 died due to respiratory infection. PES increased the lumen diameter and area, as well as the vessel area; atorvastatin induced a potent plaque regression. In the PES group, the lumen diameter was 4.25±0.0mm, lumen area was 14.2±0.4mm(2), vessel area was 16.7±0.0mm(2), and plaque/media area ratio was 0.1±0.0. In the PES+atorvastatin group the measurements were 4.9±0.1mm (p<0.001), 18.6±0.8mm(2) (p=0.005), 21.6±0.9mm(2) (p=0.007) and 0.8±0.08 (p=0.032), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the potent synergistic mechanical effect of the PES and plaque regression of the statins in an animal model with advanced atherosclerosis.

Effects of the simultaneous use of drug-eluting stents and statins in an atherosclerotic animal model

Introduction The use of statins and medicated stents (MS) is the best available therapy for the treatment of severe coronary disease in selected cases. However, the vascular effects of the simultaneous use of both therapies are unknown. Materials and methods An experimental study was carried out on 60 NZ rabbits with advanced atherosclerosis, distributed in four groups of 15 animals each. Group 1: Control. Group 2: paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) in the thoracic aorta. Group 3: Atorvastatin 2.5mg/day po+PES implant, and Group 4: Atorvastatin 2.5mg/day po. They were followed up at 30, 60 and 90 days. Histo-morphometric analyses were carried out. Results A total of 60 PES were successfully implanted. One animal from Group 3 died due to respiratory infection. PES increased the lumen diameter and area, as well as the vessel area; atorvastatin induced a potent plaque regression. In the PES group, the lumen diameter was 4.25±0.0mm, lumen area was 14.2±0.4mm2, vessel area was 16.7±0.0mm2, and plaque/media area ratio was 0.1±0.0. In the PES+atorvastatin group the measurements were 4.9±0.1mm (p<0.001), 18.6±0.8mm2 (p=0.005), 21.6±0.9mm2 (p=0.007) and 0.8±0.08 (p=0.032), respectively. Conclusions Our results confirm the potent synergistic mechanical effect of the PES and plaque regression of the statins in an animal model with advanced atherosclerosis (AU)

Introducción El uso de estatinas y stents farmaco-activos (SF) son la mejor terapia disponible para el tratamiento de la enfermedad arterial coronaria severa en casos seleccionados. Sin embargo, desconocemos los efectos sobre la pared vascular de ambas terapias con el uso simultáneo .Materiales y métodos Estudio experimental en 60 conejos NZ con ateroesclerosis avanzada, distribuidos en cuatro grupos de 15 animales cada uno. Grupo 1: Control. Grupo 2: stent farmacoactivo con paclitaxel (SFP) en aorta torácica. Grupo 3: Atorvastatina 2.5mg/día VO + implante de SFP, y Grupo 4: Atorvastatina 2.5mg/día VO. Seguimiento a 30, 60 y 90 días. Se realizaron análisis histomorfométricos.Resultados60 SFP fueron implantados exitosamente. Un animal del grupo 3, falleció por infección respiratoria. SFP incrementaron el diámetro y área del lumen, y el área del vaso; y la atorvastatina indujo una potente regresión de placa. En el grupo con SFP el diámetro del lumen fue 4.25±0.0mm, área del lumen 14.2±0.4 mm2, área del vaso 16.7± 0.0 mm2, e índice placa/área de la media 0.1±0.0. En el grupo con SFP+atorvastatina las mediciones fueron 4.9±0.1mm (p<0.001), 18.6±0.8 mm2 (p=0.005), 21.6±0.9 mm2 (p=0.007) y 0.8±0.08 (p=0.032) respectivamente. Conclusiones Nuestros resultados confirman el potente efecto sinérgico mecánico de los SFP y de regresión de placa de la atorvastatina en un modelo animal con aterosclerosis avanzada, explicando en parte los resultados en estudios clínicos (AU)