ABSTRACT
Se trata de un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado a partir de los niños asistidos en el servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente " Camilo Cienfuegos " de Sancti Spíritus desde el 1 de enero de 1986 al 31 de diciembre de 1987, a los mismos se les realizó endoscopia con el propósito de identificar laas características relacionadas con las patológias del tracto digestivo superior pudiendose obtener el informe endoscopico e historia clínica en 460 pacientes, de estos el 51,3 por ciento fueron del sexo másculino, el 86,3 por ciento comprendidos en las edades de 5-14 años. El dolor abdominal recurrente en 332 casos fue la manifestación clínica que motivo mayor cantidad de ingresos. En 297 pacientes endoscopicamente se encontró duodenitis crónica como entidad mayormente diagnósticada, solo el 11 por ciento de las endoscopias realizadas fueron negativas. El 2,2 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron asociación de más de una patología. (AU)
Subject(s)
Digestive System Diseases/diagnosis , Endoscopy, Digestive SystemABSTRACT
The objective of this work was to identify some risk factors that women could present during pregnancy and that are associated with low birthweight (less than 2,500 g). A study was performed during 1994 with 378 cases and 649 controls at the Provincial Obstetric-Gynecologic Hospital of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. The data were obtained from clinical histories, the registry of births, and personal interviews with mothers. A bivariate analysis was carried out and possible confounding factors were controlled utilizing dichotomous logistic regression, using the Epi Info 5 and SPSS software programs. With the final multivariate model, the following risk factors for low birthweight were identified as significant: hypertension during pregnancy, infrequent checkups during pregnancy, previous abortions, a period of less than 2 years since the last birth, and a maternal weight increase of less than 8 kg. Priority should be given to these last three variables in order to maintain the high standards of the maternal and child health program of Sancti Spíritus Province, Cuba.
Subject(s)
Infant, Low Birth Weight , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital , Cuba , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Acute respiratory infections (ARI), the leading class of ailments causing people to seek health care, rarely require antibiotics. Nevertheless, many physicians prescribe them needlessly. Hence, reducing the unnecessary use of antibiotics is one aim of any ARI control program. To help determine whether this aim might be achieved through a combination of refresher training for family physicians and public education campaigns, two 1991 interventions were carried out in four health areas (designated A, B, C, and D) in the city of Havana, Cuba. In each area, 10 clinics staffed by family physicians were selected through simple random sampling. In two areas (A and B), a refresher training program on ARI for health personnel was instituted at each clinic, while in areas A and C a community education program was set up. No intervention was carried out in area D. Simultaneously, from January through December 1991 trained individuals visited and administered a standard questionnaire every 15 days to 1,600 families (40 per clinic) systematically selected by random sampling. The aim of this procedure was to record the number of ARI episodes occurring among children under 5 years old, the treatment chosen in these cases, and whether antibiotics were employed. The results showed that when the two interventions were initiated, antibiotics were prescribed for 26%, 20%, 11%, and 19% of the mild ARI cases occurring in areas A, B, C, and D respectively (P > 0.05). In the period immediately following the interventions, antibiotic prescription rates declined by 26% and 63% in areas A and B, while increasing by 2% and 48% in areas C and D. Overall, prescription of antibiotics in the intervention areas A and B combined decreased by 54% (95% CI: 31-69%). These data suggest that a refresher training program for health personnel can rapidly reduce the unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics for ARI cases, but that public education alone does not appear effective.
