Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Chemoembolization, Therapeutic , Liver Neoplasms , Spinal Cord Ischemia , Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/adverse effects , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Endovascular procedures with liquid embolic agents such as ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers are indicated before surgical treatment of cervical paraganglioma. Consequently, these agents are now available as low viscosity formulations, one of which is Squid 12, which are demonstrating superior vascular penetration. Cases of facial paralysis secondary to embolization of cervical vascular lesions with classic embolic agents have been reported in the English literature, however, this complication has not been described with new generation options such as Squid 12.We describe the case of a 43-year-old patient with a left neck carotid paraganglioma. Embolization was performed under general anaesthesia before surgical excision. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient developed total left facial palsy. Since the imaging tests (Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)) and neurological examination showed no involvement of additional cranial nerves (CN), we hypothesise that the main cause of this complication is ischemia of the vasa nervorum of CN VII secondary to embolization. Almost six months later, the patient continues to present total facial paralysis (Grade VI House-Brackmann facial paralysis scale), and palsy of the left CN X and XII as a complication secondary to surgical resection of the paraganglioma.This case is relevant since it is the first clinical case of permanent facial paralysis secondary to embolization with Squid 12.
Subject(s)
Embolization, Therapeutic/adverse effects , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Paraganglioma/therapy , Polyvinyls/adverse effects , Adult , Embolism/chemically induced , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
The patient had a history of recurrent acute necrotizing pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and a pancreatic pseudocyst with an associated pseudoaneurysm in the superior mesenteric artery. He presented mesogastric pain, nausea, 187 U/l amylase and 242 U/l lipase. A hemorrhagic appearance inside the pseudocyst and lumen of the common bile duct was seen on ultrasound.
