ABSTRACT
Introducción: El cáncer de mama en México representa la principal causa de neoplasia. El sobrepeso y obesidad son actores de riesgo para desarrollar esta patología, los cuales están relacionados con hábitos de alimentación y estilo de vida inadecuados. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad de acuerdo al Índice de Masa Corporal y el porcentaje de grasa, con la presencia de cáncer de mama en las pacientes diagnosticadas en el centro oncológico estatal ISSEMyM. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo, transversal, observacional y descriptivo. Donde se seleccionaron pacientes de recién diagnóstico de Cáncer de Mama a las cuales se les realizo antropometría y evaluación de la composición corporal mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica. Se analizaron los datos mediante el programa SPSS 21.0, se hizo análisis bivariado con Chi2 y correlación de Pearson. Resultados y discusión: Se incluyó un total de 160 pacientes, el 90.63% fueron adultas maduras. Tanto en IMC y % de grasa las participantes se encontraban por encima de los parámetros de normalidad. El 76.89% presentaron un exceso de peso según su IMC. El 81.25% tenía un % de grasa no saludable obesidad (muy alto). Conclusiones: Las pacientes con diagnóstico de Cáncer de Mama presentan alta prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y porcentaje de grasa elevado (AU)
Introduction: In Mexico, breast cancer is the main cause for neoplasia. Overweight and obesity are considered to be risk factors that contribute to this condition, but they can be modified since they are directly connected with eating habits and an inadequate life style. Objective: To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to the body mass index and fat percentage in patients who have been diagnosed with breast cancer at the Centro Oncologico Estatal ISSEMyM. Method and material: Prospective, transversal, observational and descriptive study, some patients who had just been diagnosed with breast cancer were chosen. These patients underwent an anthropometry and an evaluation of their body composition through bioelectrical impedance. The data was analised through the program SPSS 21.0 and a bivariate test made with Chi2 and in reprocity to Pearson. Results and discussion: A total of 160 patients were included, 90.63% of them were adult women and they were above the normal parameters for MBI and fat percentage. 76.89% of the patients were overweight according to their MBI. 81.25% had a fat percentange which was not healthy, since it was very high, and they were obese. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with breast cancer showed high prevalence of overweight, obesity and a high fat percentage (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Skinfold Thickness , Body Mass Index , Prospective Studies , Anthropometry/methodsABSTRACT
The impact of involuntary exposure to antineoplastic drugs (AD) was studied in a group of nurses in diverse hospitals in Mexico. The results were compared with a group of unexposed nurses. Anthropometric characteristics and the biochemical analysis were analyzed in both groups. Also, lipid peroxidation level (LPX), protein carbonyl content (PCC), and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated in blood of study participants as oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. The group of occupationally exposed (OE) nurses consisted of 30 individuals ranging in age from 25 to 35 years. The control group included 30 nurses who were not occupationally exposed to the preparation and handling of AD and whose anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were similar to those of the OE group. All biomarkers evaluated were significantly increased (P < 0.5) in OE nurses compared to the control group. Results show that the assessment of OS biomarkers is advisable in order to evaluate exposure to AD in nurses.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Hospitals , Nurses , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Specimen Handling , Adult , Anthropometry , Biomarkers/metabolism , Demography , Female , Humans , Mexico , Occupational Exposure/analysisABSTRACT
Mexican specialists in oncology, oncologic surgery, thoracic surgery, pneumology, pathology, molecular biology, anesthesiology, algology, psychology, nutrition, and rehabilitation (all of them experts in lung cancer treatment) in order to develop the National Consensus on Lung Cancer. The consensus has been developed as an answer to the need of updated Mexican guidelines for the optimal treatment of the disease, as well as to the requirements that such guidelines be established by multidisciplinary panel, depicting the current attention given to cancer lung cases in Mexico. Thus, this paper analyses the epidemiological review, screening, diagnosis, staging, pathology, translational medicine, and the suitable therapies for early, locally advanced, and metastatic disease in the first, second, and third lines of management, as well as rehabilitation and palliative measures.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Algorithms , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/complications , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/etiology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/secondary , Decision Trees , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Mexico , Neoplasm Staging , Smoking/adverse effectsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the third most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Most of cases it is of epithelial origin. At the present time there is not a standardized screening method, which makes difficult the early diagnosis. The 5-year survival is 90% for early stages, however most cases present at advanced stages, which have a 5-year survival of only 5-20%. GICOM collaborative group, under the auspice of different institutions, have made the following consensus in order to make recommendations for the diagnosis and management regarding to this neoplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following recommendations were made by independent professionals in the field of Gynecologic Oncology, questions and statements were based on a comprehensive and systematic review of literature. It took place in the context of a meeting of two days in which a debate was held. These statements are the conclusions reached by agreement of the participant members. RESULTS: No screening method is recommended at the time for the detection of early lesions of ovarian cancer in general population. Staging is surgical, according to FIGO. In regards to the pre-surgery evaluation of the patient, it is recommended to perform chest radiography and CT scan of abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast. According to the histopathology of the tumor, in order to consider it as borderline, the minimum percentage of proliferative component must be 10% of tumor's surface. The recommended standardized treatment includes primary surgery for diagnosis, staging and cytoreduction, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy Surgery must be performed by an Oncologist Gynecologist or an Oncologist Surgeon because inadequate surgery performed by another specialist has been reported in 75% of cases. In regards to surgery it is recommended to perform total omentectomy since subclinic metastasis have been documented in 10-30% of all cases, and systematic limphadenectomy, necessary to be able to obtain an adequate surgical staging. Fertility-sparing surgery will be performed in certain cases, the procedure should include a detailed inspection of the contralateral ovary and also negative for malignancy omentum and ovary biopsy. Until now, laparoscopy for diagnostic-staging surgery is not well known as a recommended method. The recommended chemotherapy is based on platin and taxanes for 6 cycles, except in Stage IA, IB and grade 1, which have a good prognosis. In advanced stages, primary cytoreduction is recommended as initial treatment. Minimal invasion surgery is not a recommended procedure for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Radiotherapy can be used to palliate symptoms. Follow up of the patients every 2-4 months for 2 years, every 3-6 months for 3 years and anually after the 5th year is recommended. Evaluation of quality of life of the patient must be done periodically. CONCLUSIONS: In the present, there is not a standardized screening method. Diagnosis in early stages means a better survival. Standardized treatment includes primary surgery with the objective to perform an optimal cytoreduction followed by chemotherapy Treatment must be individualized according to each patient. Radiotherapy can be indicated to palliate symptoms.
Subject(s)
Ovarian Neoplasms , Aftercare , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Combined Modality Therapy , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Early Diagnosis , Female , Genes, Neoplasm , Humans , Laparoscopy , Lymph Node Excision , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Neoplasm Staging/standards , Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics , Omentum/surgery , Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy , Ovariectomy/methods , Palliative Care , Quality of Life , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Salvage Therapy , Taxoids/administration & dosageABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide in the peri and postmenopausal period. Most often for the endometrioid variety. In early clinical stages long-term survival is greater than 80%, while in advanced stages it is less than 50%. In our country there is not a standard management between institutions. GICOM collaborative group under the auspice of different institutions have made the following consensus in order to make recommendations for the management of patients with this type of neoplasm. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following recommendations were made by independent professionals in the field of Gynecologic Oncology, questions and statements were based on a comprehensive and systematic review of literature. It took place in the context of a meeting of four days in which a debate was held. These statements are the conclusions reached by agreement of the participant members. RESULTS: Screening should be performed women at high risk (diabetics, family history of inherited colon cancer, Lynch S. type II). Endometrial thickness in postmenopausal patients is best evaluated by transvaginal US, a thickness greater than or equal to 5 mm must be evaluated. Women taking tamoxifen should be monitored using this method. Abnormal bleeding in the usual main symptom, all post menopausal women with vaginal bleeding should be evaluated. Diagnosis is made by histerescopy-guided biopsy. Magnetic resonance is the best image method as preoperative evaluation. Frozen section evaluates histologic grade, myometrial invasion, cervical and adnexal involvement. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy should be performed except in endometrial histology grades 1 and 2, less than 50% invasion of the myometrium without evidence of disease out of the uterus. Omentectomy should be done in histologies other than endometriod. Surgery should be always performed by a Gynecologic Oncologist or Surgical Oncologist, laparoscopy is an alternative, especially in patients with hypertension and diabetes for being less morbid. Adjuvant treatment after surgery includes radiation therapy to the pelvis, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy. Patients with Stages III and IV should have surgery with intention to achieve optimal cytoreduction because of the impact on survival (51 m vs. 14 m), the treatment of recurrence can be with surgery depending on the pattern of relapse, systemic chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Follow-up of patients is basically clinical in a regular basis. CONCLUSIONS: Screening programme is only for high risk patients. Multidisciplinary treatment impacts on survival and local control of the disease, including surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, hormonal treatment is reserved to selected cases of recurrence. This is the first attempt of a Mexican Collaborative Group in Gynecology to give recommendations is a special type of neoplasm.
