Cover crops terminated with roller-crimper to manage Cynodon dactylon and other weeds in vineyards.

BACKGROUND: Using cover crops in organic vineyards can provide many advantages, including weed suppression. However, their effectiveness may depend on the weed community, the cover crop species and the termination method. The most common practice for cover crop termination is shredding, but rapid residue decomposition can allow noxious species like Cynodon dactylon to proliferate during summer and compete with the vines. The use of roller-crimpers as an alternative method can be effective in some cropping systems, but no studies have focused on their use in the inter-row of vineyards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of seven cover crops (spontaneous, Avena strigosa, Hordeum vulgare, Lolium multiflorum, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Sinapis alba and X Triticosecale) and two termination methods (shredding or roller-crimper) in managing C. dactylon during summer. RESULTS: In 2020, rolled A. strigosa, P. tanacetifolia and the spontaneous flora limited the coverage of C. dactylon more than shredding (increases of 3% and 18% in C. dactylon cover from July to September in rolled and shredded cover crops, respectively), while in 2021, rolling was better than shredding for all cover crop species in September (5% and 18% increases, respectively). CONCLUSION: Roller-crimping cover crops was an effective method to control C. dactylon in vineyard inter-rows but it did not consistently work for all cover crops in both years. Our study is one of the first to test the efficacy of roller-crimpers to manage summer weeds in vineyards. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Organic Mulches as an Alternative to Conventional Under-Vine Weed Management in Mediterranean Irrigated Vineyards.

Vineyard growth and grape yield can be significantly reduced by weeds, especially when these are located in the under-vine zone. Traditional weed management consists of recurrent tillage, which is associated with soil erosion and high fuel consumption, or herbicide applications, associated with damage to the environment and human health. In order to find alternative weed management methods, three field trials were carried out in Raimat (Lleida, NE Spain) with the aim of evaluating the suppressive effect of four mulches against weeds. Treatments included (1) straw mulch of Medicago sativa L., (2) straw mulch of Festuca arundinacea (L.) Schreb, (3) straw mulch of Hordeum vulgare L., (4) chopped pine wood mulch of Pinus sylvestris L., (5) mechanical cultivation and (6) herbicide application. The results showed that all mulches were efficient at controlling weeds (<20% of weed coverage) in the first year, compared with the two traditional methods, as long as the percentage of soil covered by mulches was high (>75%). In this way, pine mulch stood out above the straw mulches, as it achieved high soil cover during the three growing seasons of the study (>80%), with weed coverage values under 18%. This, together with the multiple benefits of mulches (improvements in the water balance and increases in soil organic matter, among others), make them a sustainable tool to be considered as an alternative to traditional under-vine weed management in vineyards.

Tratamiento con HeberFERON® en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular del Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico "Dr. Miguel Enríquez", La Habana / Treatment with HeberFERON® in patients with basal cell carcinoma at the "Dr. Miguel Enríquez" Clinical Surgery Teaching Hospital in Havana 2018

Introducción: cada año se reportan en el mundo entre dos y tres millones de nuevos casos del carcinoma basocelular, el cual puede tratarse de diversas formas, en dependencia de la variedad clínica, localización y tamaño de la lesión. Existen antecedentes del empleo exitoso del HeberFERON® como alternativa terapéutica para este tipo de cáncer cutáneo. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular tratados con HeberFERON® en el Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico "Dr. Miguel Enríquez", de la provincia de La Habana. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal dirigido a caracterizar los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular tratados con HeberFERON®, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por 49 pacientes, no se utilizó muestra. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino, la edad máxima encontrada fue de 96 años, el fototipo cutáneo II fue el que prevaleció, mientras que el lugar de residencia habitual fue la urbana. Se encontró que, del total de casos estudiados, 47, eran tumores primarios para un 95,91 %; la localización más frecuente fue en las mejillas y 40 pacientes recibieron tratamiento previo con criocirugía, representando el 81,63 %. Conclusiones: la hipertensión arterial fue la enfermedad de base que predominó. El subtipo clínico más frecuente fue el nodular, al igual que el histológico. La respuesta al tratamiento fue favorable en la mayoría de los casos tratados con HeberFERON®.

Introduction: between two and three million new cases of basal cell carcinoma are reported worldwide each year, which can be treated in various ways, depending on the clinical variety, location and size of the lesion. There is a history of successful use of HeberFERON® as a therapeutic alternative for this type of skin neoplasm. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the patients with basal cell carcinoma treated with HeberFERON® at the "Dr. Miguel Enríquez" Clinical Surgery Teaching Hospital in Havana. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to characterize patients with basal cell carcinoma treated with HeberFERON®, during the period January 2017 to December 2018. The universe consisted of 49 patients, no sample was used. Results: males predominated, the maximum age found was 96 years, skin phototype II prevailed, while the usual place of residence was urban. It was found that of the total of cases studied, 47 were primary tumors (95.91%), the most frequent location was on the cheeks and 40 patients received previous treatment with cryosurgery representing 81.63%. Conclusions: the predominant underlying disease was high blood pressure. The most common clinical subtype was nodular, as well as the histological one. The response to treatment was favorable in most of the cases treated with HeberFERON®.

Vólvulo ceco-ascendente / Ceco-ascending volvulus

El vólvulo ceco-ascendente es una presentación clínica poco frecuente y una causa de oclusión intestinal. Los pacientes presentan manifestaciones clínicas variables, desde dolor abdominal agudo hasta choque séptico. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente intervenida quirúrgicamente por un síndrome oclusivo, donde se comprobó un vólvulo ceco-ascendente con compromiso vascular. El vólvulo ceco-ascendente es una causa rara de obstrucción intestinal y debido a sus múltiples presentaciones clínicas, su diagnóstico en la mayoría de las ocasiones se realiza durante la laparotomía. El objetivo de este reporte es describir las características clínicas y tratamiento en pacientes con vólvulo ceco-ascendente.

Ceco-ascending volvulus is a rare clinical presentation and a cause of intestinal occlusion. Patients present variable clinical manifestations, from acute abdominal pain to septic shock. We present the clinical case of a patient undergoing surgery for an occlusive syndrome, where a ceco-ascending volvulus with vascular compromise was found. The caecal-ascending volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and due to its multiple clinical presentations, its diagnosis in most cases is performed during laparotomy. The objective of this report is to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment in patients with ceco-ascending volvulus.

Repercusion del alcoholismo en la vida laboral de un complejo agroindustrial / Reperscussion of alcoholism within the working life in an agricultural industrial

Se realizó un estudio explicativo observacional a una muestra de pacientes seleccionados por muestreos sistemáticos, a los mismos se les aplicó una batería de cuestionarios para identificar bebedores problemas (BP). Se formaron dos grupos homogéneos de 30 obreros cada uno para establecer comparaciones entre los alcohólicos problemas y los controles.En el grupo de BP el 73,3 por ciento se encontraba entre 30 y 49 años y un 56,7 por ciento tenían nivel secundario terminado. Más del 90 por ciento de los estudiados comenzaron la ingestión antes de los 19 años de edad. Se evidenciaron las afectaciones de la productividad y un notable incremento del ausentismo y los accidentes laborales en el grupo de bebedores problemas...

Repercusión del alcoholismo en la vida laboral de un complejo agroindustrial / Repercussion of alcoholism within the working life in an agricultural-industrial

Se realizó un estudio explicativo observacional a una muestra de pacientes seleccionados por muestreos sistemáticos, a los mismos se les aplicó una batería de cuestionarios para identificar bebedores problemas (BP). Se formaron dos grupos homogéneos de 30 obreros cada uno para establecer comparaciones entre los alcohólicos problemas y los controles. En el grupo de BP el 73,3 por ciento se encontraba entre 30 y 49 años y un 56,7 por ciento tenían nivel secundario terminado. Más del 90 por ciento de los estudiados comenzaron la ingestión antes de los 19 años de edad. Se evidenciaron las afectaciones de la productividad y un notable incremento del ausentismo y los accidentes laborales en el grupo de bebedores problemas...(AU)