Decálogo de buenas prácticas para el uso y mantenimiento de las Unidades de Fotocurado LEDs

Actualmente varios biomateriales restauradores resinosos endurecen mediante una reacción de fotopolimerización, para lo cual es necesaria una unidad de polimerización (UP). El objetivo de este manuscrito es generar una guía basada en la evidencia científica actual para contribuir al correcto uso de las UP. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados desde el año 2002 hasta enero del 2022 a través de PubMed y Google Scholar. Se organizó la información en 10 tópicos de relevancia en forma de decálogo: longitud de onda, intensidad de la luz, diámetro de la punta, tiempo de curado, modo de curado, distancia de curado, uso de barreras, batería y carga, limpieza y desinfección, finalizando con los controles periódicos. Los profesionales de la salud deben conocer y recordar la importancia de realizar un adecuado uso y mantenimiento de las UP, ya que esto puede influir en el desempeño clínico de los biomateriales.

Atualmente, diversos biomateriais restauradores resinosos endurecem através de uma reação de fotopolimerização, para a qual é necessária uma unidade de polimerização (UP). O objetivo deste manuscrito é gerar um guia baseado em evidências científicas atuais para o uso correto de UPs. Foi feita uma busca por artigos publicados de 2002 a janeiro de 2022 por meio do PubMed e Google Scholar. As informações foram organizadas em 10 tópicos relevantes na forma de um decálogo: comprimento de onda, intensidade da luz, diâmetro da ponta, tempo de cura, modo de cura, distância de cura, uso de barreiras, bateria e carregamento, limpeza e desinfecção e verificações regulares. Os profissionais de saúde devem conhecer e lembrar a importância do uso e manutenção adequados das UPs, pois isso pode influenciar no desempenho clínico do biomaterial.

Effects of Extender Type, Storage Time, and Temperature on Bull Semen Parameters.

Seminal parameters can be evaluated in situ, or samples can be delivered to a diagnostic centre. How storage conditions affect ejaculates up to evaluation is unclear. We assessed, in 25 commercial bulls electroejaculated in the field, the impact of time until evaluation (0-2 h, 4-6 h, and 24 h post-ejaculation), holding temperature (5 °C vs. room temperature), and extender (AndroMed®, BIOXcell® or INRA96®) on semen quality. Acrosome integrity, sperm viability and morphology, CASA-total and progressive motility, pH, and colony-forming units were assessed. Semen quality was preserved for up to 4-6 h post-ejaculation, except for INRA96® at 5 °C. Regardless of extender or temperature, motility decreased from 4 to 6 h up to 24 h, with the best values obtained with BIOXcell® at 5 °C. pH differed from 4 to 6 h up to 24 h, acidifying when stored at room temperature. Microbiological load was stable over time with AndroMed® and BIOXcell®, and increased at room temperature with INRA96®. Our results suggest that AndroMed® and BIOXcell® can preserve semen quality for up to 6 h, either at 5 °C or room temperature, while INRA96® only at room temperature. These results help to fix adequate protocols for short-term storage and shipment of bovine semen collected under field conditions.

Effect of Extender, Storage Time and Temperature on Kinetic Parameters (CASA) on Bull Semen Samples.

CASA kinetic parameters are often evaluated in a diagnostic centre. How storage conditions affect ejaculates up to evaluation is unclear. We assessed, in 25 commercial bulls electroejaculated in the field, the impact of time until evaluation (0-2 h, 4-6 h, and 24 h post-ejaculation), holding temperature (5 °C vs. room temperature), and extender (AndroMed®, BIOXcell® or INRA96®) on CASA kinetic parameters. Total and progressive motility, VCL, VAP, VCL, ALH, BCF, STR, LIN, and WOB were assessed. CASA kinetic parameters were preserved for up to 4-6 h post-ejaculation, except for AndroMed®. Regardless of extender or temperature, motility decreased from 4-6 h up to 24 h, with the best values obtained with BIOXcell® at 5 °C. Our results suggest that BIOXcell® can preserve sperm motility for up to 6 h, either at 5 °C or room temperature, and also INRA96® at room temperature, with motility assessments and the percentage of the most rapid sperms being the lowest with INRA96® at 5 °C. The kinetic parameters decreased when analyses were performed at 24 h. Therefore, we suggest evaluating seminal quality as soon as possible, before 6 h after collection. These results help to fix adequate protocols for the short-term storage and shipment of bovine semen collected under field conditions.

Maternal Metabolic Demands Caused by Pregnancy and Lactation: Association with Productivity and Offspring Phenotype in High-Yielding Dairy Ewes.

Pregnancy and lactation, especially when concurrent, create a rather metabolically demanding situation in dairy ruminants, but little is known about their effects on offspring phenotype and milk yield. Here, we evaluated the impact of pregnancy and lactation on the metabolic traits and productive performance of Lacaune dairy sheep and their offspring. Productive performance was measured in terms of milk yield, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and size. Productivity was assessed during mid-pregnancy (75 ± 5 d) and late pregnancy (142 ± 4 d) and at 52 ± 5 d in the postpartum period. During pregnancy, high-yielding ewes had higher BW, BCS, plasma glucose, cholesterol, ß-OHB, and NEFA than low-yielding ewes, but lower levels of lactate and urea. High-yielding animals had lower BCS after lambing, but their lambs showed greater growth. Productivity during lactation was affected by ewe age and parity: Mature ewes (but not maiden sheep) whose BCS increased steeply during pregnancy yielded more milk in the subsequent lactation than those whose BCS did not increase. Lamb BW and size were positively associated with milk yield in the subsequent lactation. Mature ewes had higher yields than maiden sheep, and mature ewes with multiple pregnancies produced more milk than those with singleton pregnancies. Ewes with male singleton pregnancies also showed higher yield than those with female singletons. These results demonstrate that high-yielding dairy sheep, when appropriately fed and managed, can adequately cover the metabolic demands of pregnancy and high milk production (even when concurrent) without losing productivity.

Influence of Maternal Factors (Weight, Body Condition, Parity, and Pregnancy Rank) on Plasma Metabolites of Dairy Ewes and Their Lambs.

Pregnancy and lactation are challenging states that affect maternal and lamb health. In Lacaune dairy sheep, we evaluated the impact of parity, pregnancy rank, and body condition on body weight and the condition of ewes and lambs in mid-pregnancy (75 ± 5 d), in late pregnancy (142 ± 4d), and postpartum (52 ± 5d pp). Maternal age was associated with initial decreases, followed by increases, in body weight and condition. After lambing, both mature and maiden ewes lost weight and body condition. Maternal indices of glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism were within physiological values during pregnancy, but postpartum values depended on maternal parity and pregnancy rank, with multiple-pregnant ewes showing a postpartum increase in glucose and maiden sheep a postpartum increase in plasma cholesterol concentration. Male lambs were heavier than female lambs at birth, and lambs born to mothers with higher body condition scores were heavier. Lambs born as singletons were heavier than those born in litters. Maternal age and pregnancy rank did not influence lamb metabolic indicators. Sex affected plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Maternal metabolic indicators showed minimal effects on lamb phenotype. These results suggest that, when appropriately fed, dairy sheep can cover the metabolic demands of pregnancy and milk production, regardless of age and pregnancy rank.