ABSTRACT
Background: Low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFES) is an adjuvant method for heart failure (HF) patients with restrictions to start an exercise. However, the impact on molecular changes in circulating is unknown. We investigated the effects of 10 weeks of home-based LFES on plasma cytokines profile, redox biomarkers, metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity, and exercise performance in HF patients. Methods: Twenty-four HF patients (52.45 ± 9.15 years) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (EF < 40%), were randomly assigned to a home-based LFES or sham protocol. Plasma cytokines profile was assessed through interleukins, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor levels. Oxidative stress was evaluated through ferric reducing antioxidant power, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The MMPs activity were analyzed by zymography. Cardiorespiratory capacity and muscle strength were evaluated by cardiopulmonary test and isokinetic. Results: LFES was able to increase the active-MMP2 activity post compared to pre-training (0.057 to 0.163, p = 0.0001), while it decreased the active-MMP9 (0.135 to 0.093, p = 0.02). However, it did not elicit changes in cytokines, redox biomarkers, or exercise performance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: LFES protocol is a promising intervention to modulate MMPs activity in HFrEF patients, although with limited functional effects. These preliminary responses may help the muscle to adapt to future mechanical demands dynamically.
ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/instrumentation , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/methods , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted , Preoperative Period , Risk Factors , Rehabilitation/instrumentation , Rehabilitation/methods , Thoracotomy/instrumentation , Thoracotomy/methods , Thoracotomy/rehabilitation , Treatment Outcome , Health Services Programming/methods , SpainSubject(s)
Breathing Exercises , High-Intensity Interval Training , Lung Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Preoperative Care/methods , Resistance Training , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/rehabilitation , Aged , Breathing Exercises/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/physiopathology , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Motivation , Muscle Strength , Pilot Projects , Program Evaluation , Quality of Life , Recovery of Function , Resistance Training/instrumentation , Spirometry , Treatment Outcome , WalkingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of an individualized physical therapy (PT) program for a subject with pectus excavatum and bilateral shoulder pain. DESIGN: Single-case study of a man diagnosed with moderate-to-severe pectus excavatum and constant bilateral shoulder pain. Exercise tolerance was measured through the Bruce protocol and home exercise log, pulmonary function, ventilatory muscle strength, echocardiography, chest wall and abdominal excursion, self-perception of pectus excavatum, and a variety of anthropometric and volumetric tests before and after PT. SETTING: University laboratory. PARTICIPANT: A 22-year-old man. INTERVENTION: A 3-month PT program including breathing exercises and therapeutic exercises. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Exercise tolerance, ventilatory muscle strength, chest wall and abdominal excursion, self-perception of the pectus excavatum, and other anthropometric and volumetric tests. RESULTS: The most striking anthropometric and volumetric test change was the pectus severity index (in H2O), which decreased from 50 to 20 mL H2O (60% change). The subject reported no shoulder pain at rest and with recreational activity after 8 weeks of intervention. CONCLUSION: An individualized PT program provided minimal-to-moderate improvements on many characteristics of pectus excavatum. Bilateral shoulder pain was eliminated. An individualized PT program integrating cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal interventions that is provided to other patients with pectus excavatum may provide similar results. However, PT provided to younger patients with the pectus excavatum may be of even greater benefit because of a less mature skeleton. Further investigation of the effects of PT intervention provided to younger and older persons with the pectus excavatum is needed.
