ABSTRACT
The psychiatric services of the Swiss region of Basel-Landschaft observed an increasing deterioration and shortage of accommodation offers for mentally ill persons. At the same time, it grew temporarily more and more difficult to let single rooms in flat-sharing communities. Therefore a psychiatric services research project aimed at evaluating the wishes and needs of specialists in the housing sphere, and of about 600 in- and outpatients, as well as for their caregivers. The results showed, similar to other studies, on the one hand patients' predominant wish to live independently, whereas on the other hand there was a great difference between the views of patients and their caregivers. The latter view this aspiration for independence rather skeptically. The striking disagreement between patients and caregivers may be fruitful for the therapeutic process; however, this applies only if both partners are aware of this fact.
Subject(s)
Community Mental Health Services/supply & distribution , Housing/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Activities of Daily Living , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deinstitutionalization/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Patient Satisfaction , Quality of Life , Social Desirability , Switzerland/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In an article on principles it is shown that violence plays a significant part in psychiatry: The patients bring violence into the psychiatric institution as a symptom as well as an origin of their disorders. The institution itself can again not be free of structural violence. Add to this a resonance in the personal aggressive emotions of the professionals. In this way violence becomes an element of the psychiatric profession. In the centre of this appears the specific competence of the psychiatrist to judge about the ability of judgement ("reality-control") of other people in an authoritarian manner. This competence which cannot be eliminated from the psychiatric work gives power and has a latent totalitarian aspect. Thus taking over the responsibility to limit the violence that is set free through psychic disorders we have to limit this responsibility in the same time.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/psychology , Psychiatry , Violence/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Aggression/psychology , Defense Mechanisms , Ethics, Institutional , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/therapy , Middle Aged , Patient Care Team , Physician's Role , Physician-Patient Relations , Psychotherapy , Reality Testing , Suicide/psychology , Violence/prevention & control , Suicide PreventionABSTRACT
The reliability of a surface EMG scanning procedure was investigated for the right and left aspects of 10 muscle sites using a large clinical sample of 102 chronic pain patients. Two neutral postures (sitting/standing) were systematically studied on three occasions approximately one hour apart on the same day. The multivariate analysis of RMS microvolts indicated no significant effects for Age, Gender, Muscle site, Aspect or Period. The range of the Pearson correlations was 0.41 to 0.94 when all muscle sites, aspects, postures, and periods were considered. The median correlation was found to be 0.64. The pattern of reliability was seen to be slightly higher in the upper back while sitting, and slightly higher in the lower back while standing. The results indicate that with adequate attention to skin preparation, EMG sensors held in place by hand with a light pressure produce reliable results.
Subject(s)
Arousal/physiology , Electromyography/statistics & numerical data , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Pain/physiopathology , Somatoform Disorders/physiopathology , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Pain/psychology , Psychophysiology , Reproducibility of Results , Somatoform Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
As part of their evaluation, an EMG muscle scanning procedure was conducted on 100 patients enrolled in a pain program for in-patients. The left and right aspects of 11 muscle sites were monitored in the sitting and standing postures. Correlations between muscle region and average total muscle tension suggest that the lower and upper back muscles were the most highly related to their total tension. These results do not appear to be the results of statistical artifact and the correlations do not seem redundant. Further analyses identified the T10 paraspinals muscle site as most highly correlated with their total tension. These findings are preliminary and experiments are needed to confirm or repudiate the hypothesis that there is a key muscle. Investigators are encouraged to look to the back musculature for training generalized relaxation.
Subject(s)
Arousal/physiology , Back Pain/physiopathology , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Muscle Relaxation/physiology , Adult , Electromyography , Female , Humans , Male , Muscles/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Eight-hundred two lawyers, a random sample of the Washington State Bar, were surveyed to determine the prevalence of medical and psychological distress. Approximately 15% of this group reported current cigarette use. Greater levels of dysphoric symptoms and greater misuse of alcohol differentiated male smokers from male nonsmokers, whereas no differences were found for females. The implications of these findings for pharmacologic and counseling strategies to further promote smoking cessation are discussed.
Subject(s)
Smoking/psychology , Alcoholism/complications , Anxiety/complications , Depression/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Psychological Tests , Smoking/adverse effects , Somatoform Disorders/complications , WashingtonABSTRACT
The reliability of a surface EMG scanning procedure was investigated for the right and left aspects of ten muscle sites using a large clinical sample of 102 chronic patients. Two neutral postures (sitting/standing) were systematically studied on three occasions approximately one hour apart on the same day. The multivariate analysis of RMS microvolts indicated no significant effects for Age, Gender, Muscle Site, Aspect, or Period. The range of the Pearson correlations was 0.41 to 0.94 when all muscle sites, aspects, postures, and periods were considered. The median correlation was found to be 0.64. The pattern of reliability was seen to be slightly higher in the lower back while standing. The results indicate that with adequate attention to skin preparation, EMG sensors held in place by hand with a light pressure produced reliable results.
Subject(s)
Arousal/physiology , Electromyography/methods , Muscles/physiopathology , Pain/physiopathology , Psychophysiologic Disorders/physiopathology , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of ResultsSubject(s)
Anger , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Hostility , Spouse Abuse , Violence , Humans , Jealousy , MaleSubject(s)
Psychology, Adolescent , Warfare , Writing , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Aggression/psychology , Autobiographies as Topic , Child Development , Family , Fantasy , Female , Humans , Identification, Psychological , Jews , Peer Group , Prejudice , Self Concept , SexABSTRACT
Two types of assertiveness, the ability to refuse a demand or request and the ability to initiate a request or affirmatively express a need, were examined in a clinical sample of domestically violent men (N = 78) in contrast to a nonviolent comparison group (N = 29). No significant difference was found between the groups on refusal behavior. However, a significant difference was found on initiating/request behavior, the violent men evidencing lower scores than their nonviolent counterparts. Significant differences in anger and hostility were also apparent between groups. There was a significant and positive correlation between refusal behavior and overt anger/hostility. A significant and negative correlation was observed between initiating/request behavior and covert anger/hostility. The results support the presence of social skill deficits, which appear to be significantly related to anger and hostility in domestically violent men. The findings also suggest that domestically violent men have a more specific profile of assertiveness deficits than has been previously discussed in the literature.
Subject(s)
Assertiveness , Hostility , Spouse Abuse/psychology , Violence , Anger , Humans , Male , Personality InventorySubject(s)
Lentigo/pathology , Penile Diseases/pathology , Adult , Humans , Hyperplasia , Male , Melanocytes/pathologyABSTRACT
In the last decade, bowenoid papulosis of the genitalia has been recognized to be a distinct entity. It is distinguished from Bowen's disease, which it resembles histologically, on the basis of clinical data such as onset at an earlier average age, smaller size of lesions, and multiplicity of lesions. A 23-year-old man with bowenoid papulosis of the penis is presented. The lesions were present for two months prior to diagnosis. All of the lesions resolved without treatment within two months of diagnosis. A conservative approach to treatment of this condition is advocated.
Subject(s)
Penile Diseases/pathology , Skin Diseases/pathology , Adult , Biopsy , Bowen's Disease/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Skin/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
A 19-year-old women with persistent biological false-positive reactions to serological tests for syphilis developed multiple elliptical ulcers of the cervix from the use of a vaginal vibrator. This adds one more aetiological agent to the differential diagnosis of cervical ulceration.
Subject(s)
Cervix Uteri/injuries , Uterine Cervical Diseases/etiology , Vibration/adverse effects , Adult , Female , Humans , Ulcer/etiologySubject(s)
Behavior Therapy/methods , Migraine Disorders/therapy , Self Care/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether headache activity information collected over the phone can be directly compared with headache activity information collected by systematic self-observation without jeopardizing internal validity because of calibration differences between the two measurement methods. A number of headache studies have relied on phone information for long-term follow-up data, while using systematic self-observation to collect all other data. Twenty-six headache sufferers participating in a tension headache study reported their headache activity over the phone and subsequently charted their headaches. Correlations were computed between the two measures. Results indicated that differences exist in the calibration of the two measurement methods. This seriously limits the conclusions of studies that used phone information to obtain follow-up data. Other recommendations concerning follow-up methodologies are discussed.
