Terpenoid VOC profiles and functional characterization of terpene synthases in diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Chrysanthemum indicum L.

Chrysanthemum indicum L. is a valuable medicinal plant with diploid and tetraploid forms that are widely distributed in central and southern China, and it contains abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite the discovery of some terpene synthase (TPS) in C. indicum (i.e., CiTPS) in previous studies, many TPSs and their corresponding terpene biosynthesis pathways have yet to be discovered. In the present study, terpenoid VOCs in different tissues from two cytotypes of C. indicum were analyzed. We identified 52 types of terpenoid VOCs and systematically investigated the content and distribution of these compounds in various tissues. The two cytotypes of C. indicum exhibited different volatile terpenoid profiles. The content of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in the two cytotypes showed an opposite trend. In addition, four full-length candidate TPSs (named CiTPS5-8) were cloned from Ci-GD4x, and their homologous TPS genes were screened based on the genome data of Ci-HB2x. These eight TPSs displayed various tissue expression patterns and were discovered to produce 22 terpenoids, 5 of which are monoterpenes and 17 are sesquiterpenes. We further proposed corresponding terpene synthesis pathways, which can enable the establishment of an understanding of the volatile terpenoid profiles of C. indicum with different cytotypes. This knowledge may provide a further understanding of germplasm in C. indicum and may be useful for biotechnology applications of Chrysanthemum plants.

Erratum to "Impact of Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogues on Glucose Metabolism in Acromegaly: A Hospital-Based Study".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/3015854.].

Impact of Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogues on Glucose Metabolism in Acromegaly: A Hospital-Based Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change in glucose tolerance in treatment-naïve patients with acromegaly after administration of SSA and to identify predictive factors of glucose impairment during SSA therapy. METHODS: Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) was performed on 64 newly diagnosed and treatment-naïve patients with acromegaly both at pretreatment and 3 months after initiation of treatment with long-acting SSA. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostatic model assessment- (HOMA-) IR and ISOGTT. Insulin secretion was assessed by HOMA-ß, INS0/BG0, IGI (insulinogenic index), IGI/IR, ISSI2, and AUCINS/AUCBG. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the optimal cutoffs to predict the impact of SSA on glucose metabolism. RESULTS: Pretreatment, 19, 24, and 21 patients were categorized as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM), respectively. Posttreatment, IR, represented by ISOGTT, was significantly improved in all 3 groups. Insulin secretion, represented by HOMA-ß, declined in the NGT and IGT groups, but was unaltered in the DM group. The glucose tolerance status deteriorated in 18 (28.1%) patients, including 13 patients in the NGT group and 5 patients in the IGT group. Deterioration was associated with lower baseline BG120 (plasma glucose 120 min post-OGTT), less reduction of growth hormone (GH), and greater reduction of insulin secretion after SSA therapy. BG120 greater than 8.1 mmol/l provided the greatest sensitivity and specificity in predicting the stabilization and/or improvement of glucose tolerance status after SSA treatment (PPV 90.7%, NPV 66.7%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The deterioration of glucose metabolism induced by SSA treatment is caused by the less reduction of GH and the more inhibition of insulin secretion, which can be predicted by the baseline BG120 during OGTT.