ABSTRACT
El principal objetivo de este trabajo es brindar las bases para un esfuerzo coordinado con el fin de crear capacidad de análisis de riesgos para la inocuidad de los alimentos en la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) reuniendo a organizaciones internacionales (Organización Panamericana de la Salud-OPS, Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura -FAO e Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura-IICA) y universidades (Universidad de Nebraska-Lincoln, Universidad de Maryland, Universidad de Minnesota y Universidad Tecnológica de Texas) mediante la Alianza Estratégica para la Creación de Capacidades en Análisis de Riesgos para la Inocuidad de los Alimentos (AECAR). Esperamos que este trabajo, creado por la alianza, logre: a) generar confianza y fortalecer la comunicación entre todas las organizaciones que trabajan en la región; b) proporcionar las bases para enfoques coordinados, consistentes y efectivos para crear capacidad y desarrollar programas de estudio; y c) facilitar la implementación del marco para análisis de riesgos en la región. Este trabajo presenta los recursos actuales de los autores, considera algunos ejemplos exitosos de implementación de análisis de riesgos en la región (de los sectores académicos y gubernamentales), los desafíos experimentados al implementar el análisis de riesgos, y una hoja de ruta para la creación de capacidad propuesta por esta alianza para ampliar la adopción de análisis de riesgos en la región.
The main goal of this paper is to provide the foundation for a coordinated effort for food safety risk analysis capacity building in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region by bringing together international organizations (Panamerican Health Organization-PAHO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations-FAO and the Interamerican Institute for Cooperation in Agriculture-IICA) and universities (University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Maryland, University of Minnesota and Texas Tech University) through the Strategic Alliance in Risk Analysis Capacity Building (SARAC). We expect that this paper, authored by the alliance, will: a) build trust and strengthen communication among all the organizations that work in the region; b) provide the foundation for coordinated, consistent, and effective approaches to capacity building and curriculum development; and c) facilitate the implementation of the risk analysis framework within the region. This paper provides the current resources by the authors, discusses some successful examples of risk analysis implementation in the region (from academia and government sectors), the challenges experienced on implementing risk analysis and a capacity building roadmap proposed by this alliance to enhance the adoption of risk analysis in the region.
Subject(s)
Food Safety , Risk Management , Risk Management , Food Safety , AmericasABSTRACT
AIMS: The effect of spore density on the germination (time-to-germination, percent germination) of Bacillus megaterium spores on tryptic soy agar was determined using direct microscopic observation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inoculum size varied from approximately 10(3) to 10(8) cfu ml(-1) in a medium where pH=7 and the sodium chloride concentration was 0.5% w/v. Inoculum size was measured by global inoculum size (the concentration of spores on a microscope slide) and local inoculum size (the number of spores observed in a given microscope field of observation). Both global and local inoculum sizes had a significant effect on time-to-germination (TTG), but only the global inoculum size influenced the percentage germination of the observed spores. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that higher concentrations of Bacillus megaterium spores encourage more rapid germination and more spores to germinate, indicating that low spore populations do not behave similarly to high spore populations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: A likely explanation for the inoculum size-dependency of germination would be chemical signalling or quorum sensing between Bacillus spores.
