ABSTRACT
Angioscopy, magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography, and nuclear medicine are assuming an increasingly important role in arterial imaging. This review discusses recent advances in these modalities. Angioscopy has proven valuable in monitoring intraoperative surgical procedures as well as percutaneous interventions. Carotid artery magnetic resonance angiography is gaining increasing acceptance in clinical practice. Magnetic resonance angiography of the peripheral arteries is limited by spatial resolution and signal loss distal to the stenosis. The role of computed tomography in limiting the number of aortograms performed in evaluating aortic laceration remains controversial; however, several recent papers indicate its usefulness in evaluating clinically stable patients with abnormal chest radiographs. Computed tomography of abdominal aortic aneurysms may obviate the need for preoperative aortography in the majority of cases. Nuclear imaging for deep venous thrombosis using 111In-labeled antifibrin monoclonal antibodies was shown highly sensitive in its initial report.
Subject(s)
Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Vascular Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Angiography/methods , Angioscopy , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
This case report describes new manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a promiscuous homosexual man. Investigation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the patient lead to discovery of a high-grade, small, noncleaved cell (Burkitt-like) gastroduodenal lymphoma with visceral and extralymphatic extension. Specific phenotyping of the lymphoma revealed that it was a monoclonal B cell lymphoma of mu kappa isotype. An in vitro cell line was established that was Epstein-Barr virus nuclear-associated antigen-positive. The lymphoma cells displayed a t(8;14) translocation similar to endemic African Burkitt lymphoma. Epstein-Barr virus genomes were identified in the lymphoma and an axillary lymph node biopsy specimen by molecular hybridization. These data strongly suggest that Epstein-Barr virus actively infected this patient. However, he showed normal Epstein-Barr virus-specific serologic responses, indicating an immune defect against the virus.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Burkitt Lymphoma/complications , Translocation, Genetic , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Adult , Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology , Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Disorders , Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 , Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X , Genes, Viral , Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics , Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology , Homosexuality , Humans , Karyotyping , MaleABSTRACT
Rate which received microinjections of carbachol into the superior colliculus exhibited pronounced dose-dependent rotational behavior contralateral to the site of injection (Experiment 1). Wet dog shakes were also observed in some animals. Similar injections in the midbrain reticular formation produced immobility with slight contralateral flexion of the neck. Convulsions were observed in some rats after injections into either anatomical location. In Experiment 2, circling induced by carbachol in the superior colliculus was blocked by prior injection of either the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine or the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine, suggesting that both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are involved in the effect. In Experiment 3 contralateral rotational behavior was induced by intracollicular microinjections of the combination of acetylcholine chloride and physostigmine. The results suggest that collicular mediation of contralateral rotational behavior, and perhaps orientation, might involve cholinergic receptors.
