Long Term Results of Reduction Ascending Aortoplasty.

The aim of this retrospective study is to show medium-long-term results in terms of cardiac death and aortic events in patients undergoing reduction ascending aortoplasty between 1997 and 2009 in our hospital. The Fine and Grey model for competing risk analysis was performed for time to cardiac death, with non-cardiac death as the competing risk, and time to recurrence of both re-dilation (aortic diameter > 45 mm) and re-operation with overall death as the competing risk. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the change in aortic diameter from the post-operative values to follow-up. The population included 142 patients. The mean pre-operative aortic diameter and the diameter at follow-up were respectively 46.5 ± 5.11 mm vs. 41.4 ± 5.55 mm (p-value < 0.001). At a mean follow-up of 11.6 ± 4.15 years, 11 patients (7.7%) required re-operation on the ascending aorta. At 16 years, the CIF of aortic-related events was 29.4 ± 7.2%; the freedom from cardiac death was 89.2 ± 3.7%. Ten patients (7%) died from cardiac causes but no one was aortic-related. The Fine and Grey analysis did not identify any significant predictors. This procedure is safe but might be justified only in high-risk patients or in those with advanced age/short life expectancy.

Long-term results of mitral repair in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and secondary mitral regurgitation: does the technique matter?

OBJECTIVES: An isolated undersized annuloplasty was used to treat mitral regurgitation (MR) secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) if the baseline coaptation depth (CD) was <1 cm. In the presence of significant tethering of the mitral leaflets (CD ≥1 cm), the edge-to-edge (EE) technique was combined with annuloplasty to improve the durability of the repair. The long-term results of this approach are unknown and represent the objective of this study. METHODS: To obtain long-term outcome data, we included in the study population the first 105 consecutive patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 29 ± 6.6%) and secondary MR submitted to mitral valve repair. Forty patients underwent isolated undersized annuloplasty and 65 patients received the EE technique combined with annuloplasty. Preoperative and postoperative data were prospectively entered into a dedicated database. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-ups were performed in our institutional outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Follow-up was 90% complete. The median follow-up time was 7.2 years (interquartile range 4.3;10.4). The longest follow-up time was 16.5 years. A comparative analysis between the annuloplasty group and the EE group was performed. Baseline LV dimensions and function were slightly worse in the EE group, but only the severity of tethering was significantly more pronounced than in the annuloplasty group. Hospital mortality (3 vs 2.5%, P = 1.0) and 10-year overall survival (42 ± 6.7 vs 55 ± 8.5%, P = 0.2) were not significantly different in the EE and annuloplasty group, respectively. Cumulative incidence functions of cardiac death were similar as well (at 10-years, 34.3 ± 8.1 vs 37.9 ± 6.4%, respectively, P = 0.4). At 10 years, cumulative incidence function of recurrence of MR ≥3+ was lower in the EE patients (10.3 ± 4.1 vs 30.8±8.0%, P = 0.01). Isolated annuloplasty [hazard ratio (HR) 4.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-16.1, P = 0.01] and residual MR >1+ at hospital discharge (HR 5.25, 95% CI 2.00-13.8, P < 0.001) were significantly related to the development of MR ≥3. Failure of repair was associated with recurrence of New York Heart Association III or IV symptoms (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with end-stage DCM and secondary MR, the association of the EE technique to the undersized annuloplasty significantly decreases the rate of recurrent MR at long-term. This higher repair durability did not translate into a better long-term prognosis in this series.

Mitral Valve Repair Without Repair of Moderate Tricuspid Regurgitation.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the fate at long term of mild-to-moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) left untreated at the time of mitral valve repair in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We selected from our prospective hospital database 84 patients (age, 64 ± 9.6 years; ejection fraction, 0.31 ± 0.064) who underwent mitral repair for secondary mitral regurgitation in whom concomitant mild-to-moderate TR (nonlinear scale 1 to 4+) was left untreated. Tricuspid regurgitation was classified as mild in 61 patients (72.6%) and moderate in 23 patients (27.3%). Annular dilatation itself was not systematically measured and was not used as a trigger for tricuspid annuloplasty. Most of the patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (56 of 84; 66.7%). RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 7.3 years (interquartile range, 4.5 to 9.3), 17 patients (20.2%) had moderate-to-severe TR and 21 patients (25%) showed a progression of at least two grades of their untreated preoperative TR. Freedom from moderate-to-severe TR or from progression of at least two grades of the baseline TR was 77% ± 5% at 5 years and 56.7% ± 8.4% at 10 years. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative right ventricular dysfunction (hazard ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.8 to 23; p = 0.001) and age (hazard ratio, 1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 1.1; p = 0.03) as independent predictors of TR worsening. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of dilated cardiomyopathy patients with mild-to-moderate TR left untreated at the time of mitral repair show important TR at follow-up. In this setting, a more aggressive policy should be used taking into consideration the degree of annular dilatation and the function of the right ventricle and not simply the grade of TR.

Long-term results (≤18 years) of the edge-to-edge mitral valve repair without annuloplasty in degenerative mitral regurgitation: implications for the percutaneous approach.

BACKGROUND: To assess the long-term results of the edge-to-edge mitral repair performed without annuloplasty in degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). METHODS AND RESULTS: From 1993 to 2002, 61 patients with degenerative MR were treated with an isolated edge-to-edge suture without any annuloplasty. Annuloplasty was omitted in 36 patients because of heavy annular calcification and in 25 for limited annular dilatation. A double-orifice repair was performed in 53 patients and a commissural edge-to-edge in 8. Hospital mortality was 1.6%. Follow-up was 100% complete (mean length, 9.2±4.21 years; median, 9.7; longest, 18.1). Survival at 12 years was 51.3±7.75%. At the last echocardiographic examination, MR ≥3+ was demonstrated in 33 patients (55%). At 12 years, freedom from reoperation was 57.8±7.21% and freedom from recurrence of MR ≥3+ was 43±7.6%. Residual MR >1+ at hospital discharge was identified as a risk factor for recurrence of MR ≥3+ (hazard ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-8.2; P=0.001). In patients with residual MR ≤1+ immediately after surgery, freedom from MR ≥3+ at 5 and 10 years was 80±6% and 64±7.58%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In degenerative MR, the overall long-term results of the surgical edge-to-edge technique without annuloplasty are not satisfactory. Early optimal competence (residual MR ≤1+) was associated with higher freedom from recurrent severe regurgitation.

Aortic cannula disruption following long-term LVAD support.

The Levitronix CentriMag is approved in Europe for 30 days as uni- or biventricular support in acute heart failure as a bridge to recovery, bridge to heart transplantation or to a long-term left ventricular assist device (LVAD). We report the case of a patient who was supported with the same Levitronix CentriMag pump for 119 days without changing any components of the circuit or the pump head because of an anatomical condition which precluded the feasibility of pump exchange and who did not experience any mechanical failure of the impeller but eventually died due to the rupture of the cannulae. This is the first report of failure of paracorporeal short-term LVAD due to disruption of one cannula with a properly functioning pump.