Eficacia de la recomendación de un patrón de dieta mediterránea en preescolares con sobrepeso y obesidad / Efficacy of the recommendation of a Mediterranean diet pattern in preschoolers with overweight and obesity

INTRODUCCIÓN: Tras realizar algunas puntualizaciones -no suficientemente aclaradas en las guías de alimentación- hemos recurrido a la dieta mediterránea tradicional y hemos medido los valores antropométricos al comienzo y al finalizar el año del estudio en pacientes que hacían un cumplimiento razonablemente correcto de las guías, y aun así tenían sobrepeso y obesidad. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron niños de 2 a 8 años con sobrepeso y obesidad en un programa de educación nutricional denominado «Aprendiendo a comer del Mediterráneo». Para evaluar la calidad de la dieta, hemos utilizado el test Kidmed y para poder medir las nuevas propuestas hemos diseñado el test de la Dieta Mediterránea Tradicional. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo una muestra de 92 pacientes (42 niñas y 50 niños). La edad media fue de 5,3 años. Tras un año de intervención dejaron de ser obesos el 75,7% y dejaron de tener sobrepeso el 74,3%. En conjunto, el percentil del IMC descendió 12,1 puntos. Se consiguió una mejoría en la calidad de la alimentación reflejada en una mejor puntuación de ambos índices. El test Kidmed no resultó apropiado para el control del sobrepeso. CONCLUSIONES: La aplicación de un patrón de dieta mediterránea tradicional en el ámbito familiar ha resultado muy efectiva en el control de niños con sobrepeso u obesidad. Consideramos que el cumplimiento del test de la Dieta Mediterránea Tradicional junto al programa nutricional «Aprendiendo a comer del Mediterráneo» han sido claves en los resultados

INTRODUCTION: After making some points -not sufficiently clarified in the feeding guides- we have resorted to the traditional Mediterranean diet and we have measured the anthropometric values at the beginning and at the end of the study, in patients who made a reasonably correct compliance with the guidelines, and even so they were overweight and obese. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children aged 2 to 8 years with overweight and obesity were included in a nutritional education program called «Learning to eat from the Mediterranean». To evaluate the quality of the diet, we used the Kidmed test and to measure the new proposals we designed the test Traditional Mediterranean Diet. RESULTS: A sample of 92 patients was obtained (42 girls and 50 boys). The average age was 5.3 years. After one year of intervention, 75.7% were no longer obese and 74.3% stopped being overweight. Overall, the BMI percentile fell 12.1 points. An improvement in the quality of the food reflected in a better score of both indices was achieved. The Kidmed test was not appropriate for the control of overweight. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a traditional Mediterranean diet pattern in the family environment has been very effective in the control of overweight or obese children. We believe that compliance with the Traditional Mediterranean Diet test along with the nutritional program «Learning to eat from the Mediterranean» have been key in the results

Mediterranean diet and childhood asthma

BACKGROUND: The incidence of bronchial hyperreactivity has increased to one-third of the population in developed countries, which requires the adoption of preventive and therapeutic measures. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of a traditional Mediterranean diet on patients diagnosed with childhood asthma and determine if there is a beneficial effect from this dietary intervention. METHODS: Prospective before-after comparison study of 50 girls and 54 boys aged 1-5 years, who were enrolled in the 1-year programme "Learning to Eat from the Mediterranean", designed to promote the adoption of a traditional Mediterranean diet. We studied the clinical and therapeutic variables and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS: All studied symptomatic indicators (number and intensity of asthmatic attack, infections and hospital admissions) showed a positive and statistically significant evolution of bronchial hyperreactivity from the first weeks of the intervention onwards. Throughout the treatment, 32.2% of patients remained free of crisis, 35.3% of the patients only had one attack throughout the year and 24.9% had two episodes, compared to 4.73 episodes on average in the previous year. The use of inhaled corticosteroids markedly decreased from 3.92 ± 1.61 to 1.11 ± 1.09 times per patient per year (P < 0.001) and that of inhaled bronchodilators decreased from 4.14 ± 1.61 to 1.12 ± 1.40 (P < 0.001). As a result, the families involved in the programme reported a high level of satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of a traditional Mediterranean diet could contribute significantly to the improvement of patients diagnosed with childhood asthma

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Mediterranean diet and childhood asthma.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of bronchial hyperreactivity has increased to one-third of the population in developed countries, which requires the adoption of preventive and therapeutic measures. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of a traditional Mediterranean diet on patients diagnosed with childhood asthma and determine if there is a beneficial effect from this dietary intervention. METHODS: Prospective before-after comparison study of 50 girls and 54 boys aged 1-5 years, who were enrolled in the 1-year programme "Learning to Eat from the Mediterranean", designed to promote the adoption of a traditional Mediterranean diet. We studied the clinical and therapeutic variables and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS: All studied symptomatic indicators (number and intensity of asthmatic attack, infections and hospital admissions) showed a positive and statistically significant evolution of bronchial hyperreactivity from the first weeks of the intervention onwards. Throughout the treatment, 32.2% of patients remained free of crisis, 35.3% of the patients only had one attack throughout the year and 24.9% had two episodes, compared to 4.73 episodes on average in the previous year. The use of inhaled corticosteroids markedly decreased from 3.92 ± 1.61 to 1.11 ± 1.09 times per patient per year (P<0.001) and that of inhaled bronchodilators decreased from 4.14 ± 1.61 to 1.12 ± 1.40 (P<0.001). As a result, the families involved in the programme reported a high level of satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of a traditional Mediterranean diet could contribute significantly to the improvement of patients diagnosed with childhood asthma.

Efectos de una dieta mediterránea tradicional en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad tras un año de intervención / Effects of the Mediterranean traditional diet in overweight and obese children after one year of intervention

Introducción: la estrategia preventiva y terapéutica de la obesidad ofrece un escaso desarrollo en el sistema asistencial. No hay evidencia suficiente para determinar qué dieta es la más eficiente. El objetivo del estudio fue valorar el efecto de una intervención basada en una dieta mediterránea/tradicional. Pacientes y métodos: se realizó en niños de 2 a 14 años con sobrepeso y obesidad a partir de un programa nutricional denominado "Aprendiendo a comer". Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se utilizaron test de calidad nutricional. No hubo restricción calórica, no se promovió actividad deportiva ni hubo tratamiento cognitivo-conductual. Se promocionó en todo el ámbito familiar. Se dio prioridad a los alimentos naturales, perecederos y de temporada. Resultados: noventa y ocho niños completaron el estudio. El 61,2% presentó normopeso al finalizar la intervención. Dejaron de ser obesos y de tener sobrepeso el 73,1% y el 82,6%, respectivamente. La pérdida de masa grasa fue del 18,7%, la masa magra aumentó adecuadamente y el índice de calidad nutricional KidMed fue óptimo en el 95% al finalizar la intervención. Conclusiones: frente a las dietas hipocalóricas y de bajo índice glucémico, proponemos una dieta basada en la dieta mediterránea/tradicional y desde Atención Primaria. La disminución observada en el percentil del índice de masa corporal es clínicamente relevante, con un descenso importante de niños con sobrepeso y obesidad. El porcentaje de masa grasa corporal disminuyó de forma significativa. La dieta que proponemos es fácil de cumplimentar y, junto con el programa de educación nutricional, consideramos que es el pilar fundamental del estudio(AU)

Introduction: the preventive and therapeutic strategy for obesity offers a poor development in the health care system. There is not enough evidence to determine what diet is the most efficient. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention based on a Traditional Mediterranean diet. Methods: the study was conducted in overweight and obese children aged 2 to 14 years through the nutrition education program "Learning to eat". Anthropometric measurements and Mediterranean diet tests were used. There was neither calorie restriction nor physical activity promotion nor was cognitive-behavioral therapy. Mediterranean diet was promoted throughout the family environment. Priority was given to natural, perishable and seasonal foods. Results: the study was completed by 98 children; 61.2% showed a normal weight at the end of the intervention. At the end of the study, 73.1% and 82.6% were no longer obese or overweight. The proportion of fat mass decreased 18.66%, lean mass increased properly, and KidMed diet quality index was optimal in 95% after the intervention. Conclusions: opposed to low-calorie and low glycemic index diets, we propose a diet based on the Mediterranean Traditional Diet and from Primary Care. The observed decrease in Body Mass Index is clinically relevant, with a significant decrease in the proportion of overweight and obesity. The percentage of body fat mass decreased significantly. The Traditional Mediterranean Diet is easy to complete and along with the nutritional education program proposed, we consider it as the main pillar of the study(AU)