[Brazilian government proposals for actions to prevent and control overweight and obesity from a local perspective]. / Propostas governamentais brasileiras de ações de prevenção e controle do sobrepeso e obesidade sob perspectiva municipal.

The article analyzes actions in the prevention and control of overweight and obesity that have been developed in the 92 municipalities (counties) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on underlying principles in the typology of public policies developed by Lowi and Line of Care for Overweight and Obesity, according to the following analytical dimensions: program actions in prevention and control of obesity, characterization of macro policies according to the Lowi typology, and characterization of macro policies according to the Line of Care for Overweight and Obesity. The study is part of a research project from 2014 to 2018 that aimed to identify the strategies and challenges in the consolidation of the actions planned in the Line of Care for Overweight and Obesity, based on analysis of secondary data and government documents; searches in the municipalities' official websites; interviews; focus groups; and online questionnaires with health professionals and managers. The documents point to a series of actions such as individual consultations, support groups, health gyms, school health programs, and others, reinforced by the interviewees' narratives. Even with so many initiatives, the municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro face challenges with limited human resources and precarious infrastructure and equipment in the health units. To achieve mobilization in the actions to deal with obesity, the issue should be addressed specifically on the state and local agendas and not diluted among other activities and programs.

O presente artigo analisa as ações de prevenção e controle do sobrepeso e da obesidade que vêm sendo desenvolvidas nos 92 municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, com base em princípios que fundamentam a tipologia clássica de políticas públicas desenvolvidas por Lowi e a Linha de Cuidado do Sobrepeso e Obesidade, valendo-se das seguintes dimensões de análise: programas e ações de prevenção e controle da obesidade, caracterização das macropolíticas segundo a tipologia de Lowi e caracterização das ações segundo princípios da Linha de Cuidado do Sobrepeso e Obesidade. O estudo é parte de uma pesquisa realizada entre 2014 e 2018 que teve como objetivo identificar as estratégias adotadas e os desafios enfrentados para consolidar as ações previstas na Linha de Cuidado do Sobrepeso e Obesidade, com base nos métodos de análise de dados secundários e documentos governamentais; busca nos sites oficiais dos municípios; entrevistas, grupos focais e questionários eletrônicos com profissionais e gestores de saúde. Os documentos apontam uma série de ações como a consulta individual, grupos de apoio, academia da saúde, programa saúde na escola, entre outros, que foram reforçadas pelas narrativas dos entrevistados. Mesmo diante de tantas iniciativas, os municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro passam por desafios como recursos humanos reduzidos e estrutura de unidades e equipamentos de saúde precários. Para que haja maior mobilização em relação às ações frente à obesidade, o tema deve ser tratado de forma particular nas agendas estaduais e municipais, e não dissolvido dentro de outras ações e programas.

Este artículo analiza las acciones de prevención y control del sobrepeso y de la obesidad que se están desarrollando en 92 municipios del estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, basándose en los principios que fundamentan la tipología clásica de políticas públicas, desarrollada por Lowi, y la Línea de Cuidado del Sobrespeso y de la Obesidad, a partir de las siguientes dimensiones de análisis: programas y acciones de prevención y control de la obesidad, caracterización de macropolíticas, según la tipología de Lowi, y caracterización de las acciones, según los principios de la Línea de Cuidado del Sobrespeso y de la Obesidad. El estudio forma parte de una investigación, realizada entre 2014 y 2018, cuyo objetivo fue identificar las estrategias adoptadas y los desafíos enfrentados para consolidar las acciones previstas en la Línea de Cuidado del Sobrespeso y de la Obesidad, en base a los métodos de análisis de datos secundarios y documentos gubernamentales; búsqueda en sitios web oficiales de los municipios; entrevistas, grupos focales y cuestionarios electrónicos con profesionales y gestores de salud. Los documentos apuntan una serie de acciones como: consulta individual, grupos de apoyo, academia de salud, programa salud en la escuela, entre otros, que fueron reforzados por las narraciones de los entrevistados. Incluso ante tantas iniciativas, los municipios del estado do Río de Janeiro deben superar desafíos como: recursos humanos reducidos y estructura de unidades y equipamientos de salud precarios. Para que haya una mayor movilización en lo referente a las acciones frente a la obesidad, el tema debe ser tratado de forma particular en las agendas estatales y municipales, y no encontrarse diluido dentro de otras acciones y programas.

Propostas governamentais brasileiras de ações de prevenção e controle do sobrepeso e obesidade sob perspectiva municipal / Brazilian government proposals for actions to prevent and control overweight and obesity from a local perspective / Propuestas de acciones gubernamentales brasileñas para la prevención y control del sobrepeso y obesidad desde una perspectiva municipal

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa as ações de prevenção e controle do sobrepeso e da obesidade que vêm sendo desenvolvidas nos 92 municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, com base em princípios que fundamentam a tipologia clássica de políticas públicas desenvolvidas por Lowi e a Linha de Cuidado do Sobrepeso e Obesidade, valendo-se das seguintes dimensões de análise: programas e ações de prevenção e controle da obesidade, caracterização das macropolíticas segundo a tipologia de Lowi e caracterização das ações segundo princípios da Linha de Cuidado do Sobrepeso e Obesidade. O estudo é parte de uma pesquisa realizada entre 2014 e 2018 que teve como objetivo identificar as estratégias adotadas e os desafios enfrentados para consolidar as ações previstas na Linha de Cuidado do Sobrepeso e Obesidade, com base nos métodos de análise de dados secundários e documentos governamentais; busca nos sites oficiais dos municípios; entrevistas, grupos focais e questionários eletrônicos com profissionais e gestores de saúde. Os documentos apontam uma série de ações como a consulta individual, grupos de apoio, academia da saúde, programa saúde na escola, entre outros, que foram reforçadas pelas narrativas dos entrevistados. Mesmo diante de tantas iniciativas, os municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro passam por desafios como recursos humanos reduzidos e estrutura de unidades e equipamentos de saúde precários. Para que haja maior mobilização em relação às ações frente à obesidade, o tema deve ser tratado de forma particular nas agendas estaduais e municipais, e não dissolvido dentro de outras ações e programas.

Abstract: The article analyzes actions in the prevention and control of overweight and obesity that have been developed in the 92 municipalities (counties) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on underlying principles in the typology of public policies developed by Lowi and Line of Care for Overweight and Obesity, according to the following analytical dimensions: program actions in prevention and control of obesity, characterization of macro policies according to the Lowi typology, and characterization of macro policies according to the Line of Care for Overweight and Obesity. The study is part of a research project from 2014 to 2018 that aimed to identify the strategies and challenges in the consolidation of the actions planned in the Line of Care for Overweight and Obesity, based on analysis of secondary data and government documents; searches in the municipalities' official websites; interviews; focus groups; and online questionnaires with health professionals and managers. The documents point to a series of actions such as individual consultations, support groups, health gyms, school health programs, and others, reinforced by the interviewees' narratives. Even with so many initiatives, the municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro face challenges with limited human resources and precarious infrastructure and equipment in the health units. To achieve mobilization in the actions to deal with obesity, the issue should be addressed specifically on the state and local agendas and not diluted among other activities and programs.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza las acciones de prevención y control del sobrepeso y de la obesidad que se están desarrollando en 92 municipios del estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, basándose en los principios que fundamentan la tipología clásica de políticas públicas, desarrollada por Lowi, y la Línea de Cuidado del Sobrespeso y de la Obesidad, a partir de las siguientes dimensiones de análisis: programas y acciones de prevención y control de la obesidad, caracterización de macropolíticas, según la tipología de Lowi, y caracterización de las acciones, según los principios de la Línea de Cuidado del Sobrespeso y de la Obesidad. El estudio forma parte de una investigación, realizada entre 2014 y 2018, cuyo objetivo fue identificar las estrategias adoptadas y los desafíos enfrentados para consolidar las acciones previstas en la Línea de Cuidado del Sobrespeso y de la Obesidad, en base a los métodos de análisis de datos secundarios y documentos gubernamentales; búsqueda en sitios web oficiales de los municipios; entrevistas, grupos focales y cuestionarios electrónicos con profesionales y gestores de salud. Los documentos apuntan una serie de acciones como: consulta individual, grupos de apoyo, academia de salud, programa salud en la escuela, entre otros, que fueron reforzados por las narraciones de los entrevistados. Incluso ante tantas iniciativas, los municipios del estado do Río de Janeiro deben superar desafíos como: recursos humanos reducidos y estructura de unidades y equipamientos de salud precarios. Para que haya una mayor movilización en lo referente a las acciones frente a la obesidad, el tema debe ser tratado de forma particular en las agendas estatales y municipales, y no encontrarse diluido dentro de otras acciones y programas.

Predictors and Long-term Outcome of Sexual Function After Surgical Treatment for Single-level Lumbar Disk Herniation Among Patients in a German Spine Center.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective, self-controlled cohort study, at a single center. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of sexual function after surgical treatment of single-level lumbar disk herniation (LDH). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The impact of surgical treatment on sexual activity is still unknown and not well researched. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 114 patients who underwent disk surgery for LDH between 2009 and 2015 were included in the study (mean age, 46.9 y). Two separate questionnaires evaluating general health and all aspects of sexual function were administered to all patients. RESULTS: Satisfaction with the overall outcome of surgery was reported by 84.2% of patients. In total, 82 patients (71.9%) rated their current sexual life as normal with no additional pain, 22 (19.3%) reported a normal sex life with some additional pain, and 2 reported that (2.6%) pain prevents them from having any sex life at all. Compared with their state before LDH and spine surgery, 79 patients (69.3%) rated their sexual function as quantitatively and qualitatively the same as before surgery, 19 patients (16.7%) as better, and 16 patients (14.0%) as worse. The ability to experience orgasm, complete intercourse, experience sexual desire, and experience sexual arousal was reported to be the same as before surgery by 87 (76.3%), 75 (65.8%), 79 (69.3%), and 85 (74.6%) patients, respectively. After surgery, 16 patients (14%) explored new sexual positions. Sexual function receives insufficient attention from physicians. Women reported more general and sexual problems such as decreased sexual desire and interest, taking medication, and seeking regular medical attention. Predictors of the outcome were leg pain, the intensity of back and leg pain, and the professional status of the patient. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar disk surgery has a positive effect on sexual function. The majority of patients returned to their normal sexual activities in long-term follow-up.

Good response of low-fat/high-protein diet in a patient with chyluria.

UNLABELLED: Chyluria is an inappropriate urinary excretion of chyle that turns the urine milky. A nutritional approach based on low-fat/high-protein content diet associated or not with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) showed to be an efficient conservative treatment to improve the milky urine appearance in a patient with chyluria. CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old female patient was admitted with chyluria of unknown etiology. An ureteropyeloscopy revealed a single lesion in each kidney, both with linear aspect and measuring 5 mm in extension. These lesions were located close to the renal papillae and were leaking a cloudy and milky fluid. Both lesions were laser cauterized followed by improvement of the milky urine. However, the chyluria relapsed after few months and a low-fat/high-protein content diet with 10 g of soybean oil to meet the requirements essential fatty acids (EFA) and with MCT from coconut oil as alternative to prepare foods was started. Few weeks later the patient returned reporting consistent improvement of the milky urine appearance related with the use of the diet. However since the diet was tasteless and time consuming to prepare, she reported low compliance to diet with MCT and the milky urine relapsed. The MCT was discontinued and the diet with EFA source was maintained with better compliance. Since then the chyluria remains in remission. In conclusion, the dramatic improvement of the milky urine with low-fat/high-protein diet with EFA source observed in our patient demonstrates that this nutritional approach is efficient with fast results to treat chyluria during long term.