Función renal al ingreso como marcador pronóstico en pacientes hospitalizados por un primer episodio de insuficiencia cardíaca. Resultados del estudio PREDICE / Renal function at admission as a prognostic marker for patients hospitalised for a first episode of heart failure. Results of the PREDICE study

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es una enfermedad frecuente que deteriora la calidad de vida de los pacientes que la padecen y condiciona una elevada morbimortalidad. En los últimos años, se están desarrollando gran cantidad de trabajos para determinar qué factores influyen en el pronóstico de la IC. Sin embargo, son escasos los que evalúan el pronóstico de los pacientes hospitalizados por su primer episodio de IC. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es analizar el impacto pronóstico de la función renal en pacientes hospitalizados por un primer episodio de IC. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se recogió a 600 pacientes hospitalizados por un primer episodio de IC en 3hospitales españoles de tercer nivel. Se analizó el riesgo de mortalidad durante el primer año de seguimiento en función del grado de función renal en el momento del ingreso. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes con mayor grado de insuficiencia renal en el momento del ingreso presentaban edad más avanzada (p < 0,001) eran más frecuentemente mujeres (p = 0,01), presentaban un mayor grado de dependencia (p < 0,05) y mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (p < 0,001), insuficiencia renal crónica (p < 0,001) y anemia (p < 0,001). En el análisis multivariante, el grado de insuficiencia renal al ingreso se mantuvo como predictor independiente de mayor riesgo de mortalidad durante el primer año de seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de insuficiencia renal en el momento del ingreso es un marcador de mal pronóstico en nuestra cohorte de pacientes hospitalizados por un primer episodio de IC

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Heart failure (HF) is a frequent condition that deteriorates quality of life and results in high morbidity and mortality. A considerable number of studies have been implemented in recent years to determine the factors that affect the prognosis of HF; however, few studies have assessed the prognosis of patients hospitalised for their first episode of HF. The aim of our study was to analyse the prognostic impact of renal function on patients hospitalised for a first episode of HF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We recruited 600 patients hospitalised for a first episode of HF in 3 tertiary Spanish hospitals. We analysed the mortality risk during the first year of follow-up according to renal function at the time of admission. RESULTS: The patients with the highest degree of kidney failure at admission were older (P<.001), were more often women (p=.01) and presented a higher degree of dependence (P<.05), as well as a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (P<.001), chronic renal failure (P<.001) and anaemia (P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, the degree of kidney failure at admission remained an independent predictor of increased mortality risk during the first year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of kidney failure at admission was a marker of poor prognosis in our cohort of patients hospitalised for a first episode of HF

Renal function at admission as a prognostic marker for patients hospitalised for a first episode of heart failure. Results of the PREDICE study. / Función renal al ingreso como marcador pronóstico en pacientes hospitalizados por un primer episodio de insuficiencia cardíaca. Resultados del estudio PREDICE.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Heart failure (HF) is a frequent condition that deteriorates quality of life and results in high morbidity and mortality. A considerable number of studies have been implemented in recent years to determine the factors that affect the prognosis of HF; however, few studies have assessed the prognosis of patients hospitalised for their first episode of HF. The aim of our study was to analyse the prognostic impact of renal function on patients hospitalised for a first episode of HF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We recruited 600 patients hospitalised for a first episode of HF in 3 tertiary Spanish hospitals. We analysed the mortality risk during the first year of follow-up according to renal function at the time of admission. RESULTS: The patients with the highest degree of kidney failure at admission were older (P<.001), were more often women (p=.01) and presented a higher degree of dependence (P<.05), as well as a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (P<.001), chronic renal failure (P<.001) and anaemia (P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, the degree of kidney failure at admission remained an independent predictor of increased mortality risk during the first year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of kidney failure at admission was a marker of poor prognosis in our cohort of patients hospitalised for a first episode of HF.

Spanish multidisciplinary clinical practice guidelines for Anderson-Fabry Disease in Adults. I. Method and recommendations. / Guía de práctica clínica multidisciplinar española sobre la enfermedad de Anderson-Fabry en adultos. I: Método y recomendaciones.

Anderson-Fabry disease is a severe progressive multisystem condition of genetic origin that affects men and women, reducing their life expectancy and quality of life. The considerable variability in its clinical expression, the difficulties in diagnosing the condition and the current availability of several alternatives for its treatment represent a considerable challenge that justifies the development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that can help health professionals in the decision-making process for managing these patients. To develop these guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of the main reference databases using strategies adapted to each of the 32 clinical questions considered. We prepared documents to synthesise the evidence and assess its quality for each of the questions. The methodology employed is based on the Spanish methodology manual for preparing clinical practice guidelines, incorporating the GRADE methodology in the assessment of the scientific evidence and the preparation of the recommendations, considering the quality of the evidence, the risk-benefit balance, patient values and preferences, equity and use of resources. For the definitive preparation of the recommendations, we conducted a structured consensus process based on the Delphi-RAND methodology in 2 rounds, with an expert panel proposed by various scientific societies, research centres and patient associations. Ultimately, we developed 92 specific recommendations for managing Fabry disease.

Valoración de la posible transmisión intrafamiliar de bacterias que colonizan a los pacientes con fibrosis quística / Assessment of possible intra-family transmission of bacteria that colonize patients with cystic fibrosis

INTRODUCCIÓN: En la Fibrosis Quística (FQ), la patología broncopulmonar es la más representativa y grave en todo el espectro de la enfermedad, causada principalmente por la colonización persistente de la vía aérea por bacterias con capacidad patogénica. Su control es fundamental para mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes. Conocer las fuentes de infección en estos casos permitiría diseñar mejores estrategias para su prevención. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar, en el entorno familiar de pacientes con FQ, la posible transmisión de bacterias que frecuentemente colonizan las vías respiratorias, como Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Streptococcus pneumoniae. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se incluyeron un total de 10 pacientes con FQ y 15 familiares convivientes, de los que se tomaron muestras de esputo y frotis orofaríngeo respectivamente. En ellos se trataron de identificar bacterias mediante técnicas de metagenómica (PCR- DGGE del gen 16S-rRNA para bacterias) y de ampliación de ácidos nucleicos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados del estudio de metagenómica mostraron la presencia de diferentes bacterias en todos los pacientes evaluados, siendo las más frecuentes Pseudomonas spp. (n=9), Streptococcus spp. (n=4), Staphylococcus spp. (n=2) y Haemophilus influenzae (n=2). En los familiares se identificó por PCR Pseudomona aeruginosa en el 46,5% de los casos y S. pneumoniae en el 66,7%. La concordancia entre familiares y pacientes fue del 40% para P. aeruginosa, con coincidencia de genotipos del 100% y una concordancia del 20% para S. pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de bacterias que frecuentemente colonizan el tracto respiratorio de los pacientes con fibrosis quística es frecuente entre los familiares que cohabitan con ellos, lo que podría facilitar la transmisión de unos sujetos a otros y la persistencia de éstas en el entorno familiar

INTRODUCTION: In Cystic Fibrosis (CF), bronchial-pulmonary pathology is the most representative and serious within the scope of this disease, and generally caused by the persistent colonization of the airways by pathogenic bacteria. Control is essential to improve the prognosis of these patients. In these cases, understanding the source of infection would facilitate the design of improved prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES: Assess, within the family environment of patients with CF, the possible transmission of bacteria that frequently colonize airways, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten patients with CF were included in this study, as well as 15 cohabiting relatives, from whom sputum samples and oropharyngeal smears were taken respectively. Using metagenomics, the bacteria were identified (PCR- DGGE of the gene16S-rRNAfor bacteria) and the expanding of nucleic acids. RESULTS: The results of the metagenomic study proved the presence of various bacteria in all patients assessed, with the most frequent being Pseudomonas spp. (n=9), Streptococcus spp. (n=4), Staphylococcus spp. (n=2) and Haemophilus influenzae (n=2). Using PCR in the relatives, P. aeruginosa was identified in 46.5% of the cases, and S. pneumoniae in 66.7%. Consistency between relative and patient was 40% for P. aeruginosa, with a 100% genotype coincidence and a 20% consistency for S. pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of bacteria that frequently colonize the respiratory tract in patients with cystic fibrosis is recurrent among relatives cohabiting with them, which could facilitate the transmission of bacteria from one person to another and the persistence of said bacteria within the family environment

Abordaje terapéutico de la artritis séptica pediátrica, ¿somos demasiado agresivos? / Therapeutic approach to paediatric septic arthritis: are we too aggressive?

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Adecuación de tromboprofilaxis en pacientes médicos hospitalizados en Andalucía. Estudio multicéntrico / Assessment of thromboprophylaxis in medical patients hospitalized in Andalusia. A multicenter study

Antecedentes y objetivos: Los pacientes hospitalizados constituyen una población de riesgo para la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV). La guía de práctica clínica PRETEMED-2007 permite identificar a los pacientes médicos de alto riesgo susceptibles de tromboprofilaxis, y asídisponer de un estándar de profilaxis en tales pacientes. Hemos evaluado el riesgo de ETV y la adecuación de tromboprofilaxis a los estándares de la guía PRETEMED-2007 en los pacientes hospitalizados en servicios de medicina interna. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal y multicéntrico realizado en 2010 en 16 hospitales de Andalucía que incluyen 20 pacientes consecutivos por centro. Variables: edad, sexo, factores de riesgo de ETV y hemorragia, riesgo ajustado PRETEMED de ETV, adecuación de profilaxis tromboembólica al ingreso y al alta y mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 293 pacientes (57,8% varones, edad media de 69±15 años). Los factores precipitantes de ETV más frecuentes fueron: infección aguda grave (27,3%) y neoplasia (16,4%). El 43,4% presentaba riesgo de hemorragia. El riesgo de ETV al ingreso y alta fue elevado en el 47,8 y 31% y moderado en el 8,2 y 10,6% respectivamente. Recibieron profilaxis con heparina de bajo peso molecular el 91,7% al ingreso y el 17,3% al alta. La prescripción fue adecuada en el 59,9% al ingreso (sobreuso 38,4%, infrauso 1,7%) y en el 74,7% al alta (sobreuso 5,4%, infrauso 19,9%). La adecuación fue mayor en pacientes mayores de 60 años y con mayor riesgo hemorrágico. Conclusiones: En el 60% de los enfermos que ingresan en los servicios de medicina interna de Andalucía la tromboprofilaxis es adecuada. La inadecuación de tromboprofilaxis (40%) es mayoritariamente por sobreindicación. Estos resultados sugieren un amplio campo de mejora (AU)

Background and objectives: Hospitalized patients are a population at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The PRETEMED-2007 clinical practice guidelines help identify high-risk medical patients who are suited to thromboprophylaxis. These guidelines therefore provide a standard for prophylaxis in such patients. We evaluated the risk of VTE and the adjustment of thromboprophylaxis to the standards of the PRETEMED-2007 guidelines in patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments. Patients and methods: An observational, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed in 2010 in 16 hospitals in Andalusia and included 20 consecutive patients per center. The study variables were age, sex, risk factors for VTE and hemorrhage, the risk-adjusted PRETEMED of VTE, adjustment of thromboembolic prophylaxis at admission and at discharge and hospital mortality. Results: The study included 293 patients (57.8% men) with a mean age of 69 (±15) years. The most common triggers for VTE were acute severe infection (27.3%) and neoplasia (16.4%). Some 43.4% of the patients presented a risk of hemorrhage. The risk of VTE at admission and discharge was high in 47.8% and 31% and moderate in 8.2% and 10.6%, respectively. A total of 91.7% and 17.3% of the patients underwent prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin on admission and at discharge, respectively. The prescription was appropriate for 59.9% of the patients at admission (overutilization 38.4%, underutilization 1.7%) and for 74.7% at discharge (overutilization 5.4%, underutilization 19.9%). The adjustment was greater in patients older than 60 years and with greater hemorrhagic risk. Conclusions: For 60% of the patients admitted to the departments of internal medicine in Andalusia, the thromboprophylaxis was appropriate. The inadequacy of thromboprophylaxis (40%) is mostly due to overutilization. These results suggest significant space for improvement (AU)

Assessment of thromboprophylaxis in medical patients hospitalized in Andalusia. A multicenter study. / Adecuación de tromboprofilaxis en pacientes médicos hospitalizados en Andalucía. Estudio multicéntrico.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hospitalized patients are a population at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The PRETEMED-2007 clinical practice guidelines help identify high-risk medical patients who are suited to thromboprophylaxis. These guidelines therefore provide a standard for prophylaxis in such patients. We evaluated the risk of VTE and the adjustment of thromboprophylaxis to the standards of the PRETEMED-2007 guidelines in patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed in 2010 in 16 hospitals in Andalusia and included 20 consecutive patients per center. The study variables were age, sex, risk factors for VTE and hemorrhage, the risk-adjusted PRETEMED of VTE, adjustment of thromboembolic prophylaxis at admission and at discharge and hospital mortality. RESULTS: The study included 293 patients (57.8% men) with a mean age of 69 (±15) years. The most common triggers for VTE were acute severe infection (27.3%) and neoplasia (16.4%). Some 43.4% of the patients presented a risk of hemorrhage. The risk of VTE at admission and discharge was high in 47.8% and 31% and moderate in 8.2% and 10.6%, respectively. A total of 91.7% and 17.3% of the patients underwent prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin on admission and at discharge, respectively. The prescription was appropriate for 59.9% of the patients at admission (overutilization 38.4%, underutilization 1.7%) and for 74.7% at discharge (overutilization 5.4%, underutilization 19.9%). The adjustment was greater in patients older than 60 years and with greater hemorrhagic risk. CONCLUSIONS: For 60% of the patients admitted to the departments of internal medicine in Andalusia, the thromboprophylaxis was appropriate. The inadequacy of thromboprophylaxis (40%) is mostly due to overutilization. These results suggest significant space for improvement.

Colonización por pneumocystis jirovecii en pacientes con epoc y relación con el estadio de enfermedad / Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in COPD patients and relationship to the stage of disease

INTRODUCCIÓN: los factores que determinan qué fumadores desarrollarán EPOC y gravedad de la enfermedad se desconocen en la actualidad, pero ha suscitado interés el posible papel que los agentes infecciosos pudieran desempeñar a través de la respuesta inflamatoria que inducen, acelerando la progresión de la enfermedad o perpetuando su progresión. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es conocer la tasa de colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii en sujetos con EPOC y ver su relación con los distintos estadios de la enfermedad. MÉTODO: realizamos un estudio transversal en pacientes atendidos en las consultas de neumología por tabaquismo, con o sin EPOC, en cualquier estadio de su enfermedad. A cada paciente se le realizó una historia clínica detallada, además de la toma de muestras de esputo inducido y pruebas de función respiratoria. El diagnóstico molecular de la colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii se efectuó mediante PCR en las muestras de esputo inducido. Se realizó un análisis estadístico, comparando la colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii en los distintos grupos de fumadores sin EPOC y con EPOC en sus distintos estadios, utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 18. RESULTADOS: el 42,6% de los 101 pacientes estudiados presentó colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii. No se hallaron diferencias en cuanto a la presencia del microorganismo, dependiendo del estadio de la enfermedad, así como en relación a los síntomas o exacerbaciones sufridas en el año anterior. CONCLUSIONES: existe una elevada prevalencia de colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii en sujetos fumadores, con o sin EPOC. No obtenemos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la presencia de este patógeno, según estadios de enfermedad

INTRODUCTION: factors that determine which smokers will develop COPD and the severity of the disease are unknown at present, but have attracted interest the possible role that infectious agents could play inducing inflammatory response, accelerating progression of the disease or perpetuating its progression. The aim of our study was to determine the rate of colonization with Pneumocystis jirovecii in subjects with COPD and view their relationship with the various disease stages. METHODS: We performed a cross sectional study in patients treated in these clinics for smoking, with or without COPD, at any stage of their disease. Each patient underwent a detailed medical history, besides making induced sputum samples and lung function tests. The molecular diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization was performed by PCR in induced sputum samples. Statistical analysis was performed comparing colonization Pneumocystis jirovecii in different groups of smokers without COPD and COPD in its various stages, using SPSS, version 18. RESULTS: 42.6% of the 101 patients studied had Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization. No differences were found in the presence of the microorganism, depending the stage of the disease as well as in relation to the suffered symptoms or exacerbations in the previous year. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of colonization Pneumocystis jirovecii in smokers with or without COPD. No statistically significant differences we obtain in the presence of the pathogen, as disease states

[Pneumocystis jiroveci: a new name for an old pathogen]. / Pneumocystis jirovecii: un nuevo nombre para un viejo patógeno.

Pneumonia due to Pneumocystis is an important cause of morbidity-mortality among immunodepressed patients, above all with human immunodeficiency virus infection and finally in patients with transplants, oncology patients and those subjected to drug immunodepression. Its lack of capacity to grow in the usual culture mediums has hindered knowledge on many aspects of this infection (transmission, acquisition mode, infection sources). However, the incorporation of molecular biology tools in recent years has made it possible to go deeper into the understanding of the epidemiology, biology and characteristics of the infection by this pathogen. These advances have led to the modification of the taxonomic classification of this atypical fungus and change in the name of the Pneumocystis responsible for the infection in humans, which is now called Pneumocystis jirovecii. During this article, we will show some of the most recent advances in the knowledge of the human pneumocystosis.

Pneumocystis jirovecii: un nuevo nombre para un viejo patógeno / Pneumocystis jiroveci: a new name for an old pathogen

La neumonía por Pneumocystis es una causa importante de morbimortalidad entre pacientes inmunodeprimidos, sobre todo con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y, últimamente, en trasplantados, enfermos oncológicos y pacientes sometidos a inmunodepresión farmacológica. La incapacidad de crecer en los medios de cultivo habituales ha dificultado el conocimiento de muchos aspectos de esta infección (transmisión, modo de adquisición, fuentes de infección). Sin embargo, la incorporación en los últimos años de las herramientas de biología molecular ha permitido profundizar en la comprensión de la epidemiología, biología y características de la infección por este patógeno. Estos avances han conducido a modificar la clasificación taxonómica de este hongo atípico y cambiar la denominación de Pneumocystis responsable de la infección en seres humanos que ha pasado a denominarse Pneumocystis jirovecii. A lo largo de este artículo mostraremos algunos de los avances más recientes en el conocimiento de la pneumocistosis humana

Pneumonia due to Pneumocystis is an important cause of morbidity-mortality among immunodepressed patients, above all with human immunodeficiency virus infection and finally in patients with transplants, oncology patients and those subjected to drug immunodepression. Its lack of capacity to grow in the usual culture mediums has hindered knowledge on many aspects of this infection (transmission, acquisition mode, infection sources). However, the incorporation of molecular biology tools in recent years has made it possible to go deeper into the understanding of the epidemiology, biology and characteristics of the infection by this pathogen. These advances have led to the modification of the taxonomic classification of this atypical fungus and change in the name of the Pneumocystis responsible for the infection in humans, which is now called Pneumocystis jirovecii. During this article, we will show some of the most recent advances in the knowledge of the human pneumocystosis

Hemorragia digestiva baja asociada a celecoxib / Low digestive haemorrhage associated to celecoxib

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Cirrosis hepática por virus de hepatitis C y poliartritis séptica por Streptococcus agalactiae / Hepatitis C virus, liver cirrhosis and Streptococcus agalactiae septic poliartheritis

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[Mesenteric panniculitis: a case of acute and fatal presentation]. / Paniculitis mesentérica: un caso de presentación aguda y fatal?

Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare process in which there is an inflammation of the mesenteric adipose tissue due to unknown causes and mechanisms. It evolves with abdominal pain and/or mass, among other symptoms, generally with a chronic and bening course. The concomitant tests are generally non-specific, the diagnosis being anatompathological. We present the case of an old woman who died hours after starting an episode of abdominal pain. The autopsy showed the presence of mesenteric panniculitis. The sudden onset of the clinical signs, without other justifying cause than the panniculitis itself, suggests that this must be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. In addition, the absence of other morphological findings which could suggest a fatal cause make us to consider the relationship between this and the panniculitis.