Recategorization of tumor stage in patients with node-negative oral tongue cancer: Impact of the eighth edition American Joint Committee staging system.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate recategorization of pT1-3N0 oral tongue cancer, from seventh to eighth editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging classification, and impact on overall survival (OS). METHODS: Using the National Cancer Database, 1277 patients were categorized using tumor size and depth of invasion with seventh and eighth AJCC staging systems and evaluated for OS. RESULTS: Tumor-category was unchanged in 82.9% and upstaged in 17.1% patients with eighth AJCC. The 3-year OS was 85.3%, 76.6%, and 77.0% with seventh AJCC compared to 87.1%, 75.1%, and 81% with eighth AJCC, for patients with pT1N0, pT2N0, and pT3N0 disease, respectively. Improved discrimination of pT1N0 vs pT2N0 for OS on multivariate analysis was seen for eighth AJCC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.98, P = .03) but not for patients with pT3N0, with seventh AJCC (HR = 1.02, 95% CI:0.53-1.98, P = .95), and eighth AJCC (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.52-1.42, P = .55). CONCLUSION: Eighth edition AJCC staging leads to improved discrimination of OS between pT1N0 and pT2N0 but not for patients with pT3N0.

A Retrospective Volume Matched Analysis of the Submental Artery Island Pedicled Flap as Compared to the Forearm Free Flap: Is It a Good Alternative Choice for the Reconstruction of Defects of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx?

PURPOSE: The submental artery island pedicled flap (SMIF) is an underused alternative for reconstruction of head and neck defects after tumor ablation. The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of reconstructive outcomes based on surgical site and ablative defect volume in patients who underwent reconstruction with the SMIF versus the forearm free flap (FFF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of all patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal defects reconstructed with the SMIF and a cohort of patients with similar volume defects reconstructed with the FFF were compared for oncologic safety and viability of equivalent reconstructive outcomes. All statistical comparisons were assessed by analysis of variance and Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Average age was 61.8 years in the SMIF group versus 57.9 years in the FFF group. The most common defect was located in the tongue, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common pathology identified. Flap volumes were similar (SMIF, 38.79 cm3; FFF, 39.77 cm3). Significant comparative outcomes identified with SMIF versus FFF reconstruction included shorter anesthesia times (815 vs 1,209 minutes; P < .001), shorter operative times (653 vs 1,031 minutes; P < .001), and less blood loss (223 vs 398 mL; P = .04). Postoperative Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group performance score increased more for the FFF than for the SMIF group (+0.33 vs + 1.25; P = .0019). Recipient site complication rates were lower for the FFF group (0.17 vs 0.42 per patient) but were not statistically relevant. There were equal rates of recurrence at the local surgical site and no differences in speech and swallowing function. Mean follow-up was 15.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to compare the SMIF with the FFF for reconstruction of oral cavity defects based on ablative volume deficit. The SMIF is a viable surgical option compared with the FFF that can be considered oncologically safe in the N0 neck, allowing for an excellent esthetic reconstruction, with decreased operative time, hospital stay, and donor site morbidity.

A novel approach to frontal sinus surgery: treatment algorithm revisited.

BACKGROUND: Access to the frontal sinus remains a challenging problem for the craniofacial surgeon. A wide array of techniques including minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have been described. Here we present our technique using medical modeling to gain fast and safe access for multiple indications. METHODS: Computer-aided surgery involves several distinct phases: planning, modeling, surgery, and evaluation. Computer-aided, precise cutting guides are designed preoperatively and allowed to perfectly outline and then cut the anterior table of the frontal sinus at its junction to the surrounding frontal bone. The outcomes are evaluated by postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography scan. RESULTS: Eight patients sustaining frontal sinus fractures were treated with the aid of medical modeling. Three patients (37.5%) had isolated anterior table fractures, and 4 (50%) had combined anterior and posterior table fractures, whereas 1 patient (12.5%) sustained isolated posterior table fractures. Operative times were significantly shorter using the cutting guides, and fracture reduction was more precise. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates or overall patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical approach to the frontal sinus can be made more efficient, safe, and precise when using computer-aided medical modeling to create customized cutting guides.

Identification and treatment of scurvy: a case report.

Scurvy is a nondiscriminatory disease process resulting from a nutritional deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The severe vitamin deficiency produces a breakdown in the cellular structure of the body. This case report describes a middle-age woman with a history of edema, bruising of the lower extremities, anemia, and severe periodontal disease. Her presentation and medical history are classic for the signs of scurvy. Scurvy is now only uncommonly seen in developed countries, but there are still vulnerable populations whose nutritional status can lead to scurvy. The aim of this report is to help the clinician identify and treat scurvy, a disease that was once feared for its high mortality but is now easily treatable, even in cases that have progressed to multiple organ dysfunction and failure.