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1.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 46(1): 59-69, ene.-abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-735139

ABSTRACT

Algunos trabajos de investigación informan que cierto número de niños superdotados muestran problemas de adaptación social y habilidades sociales e interpersonales, mientras que otros consideran que esto no ocurre. Partiendo de lo anterior, Neihart, Reis, Robinson y Moon (2002) hablan de enfoque de resiliencia versus enfoque de riesgo. En este trabajo se considera el beneficio de aplicar programas de entrenamiento en habilidades interpersonales en niños superdotados para prevenir posibles problemas. Por ello, se pretende valorar la eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento en resolución de problemas interpersonales en esta población. En esta investigación participaron 40 niños superdotados de edades comprendidas entre 7 y 13 años, divididos en un grupo tratamiento y un grupo control de lista de espera. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las medidas de valoración directa en el grupo tratamiento tras la aplicación del programa. También se detectaron diferencias significativas entre el grupo tratamiento y el grupo control en las medidas postratamiento a favor del primero, y se confirmó la relación del potencial de aprendizaje de los niños con los beneficios obtenidos. En definitiva, el programa de entrenamiento se muestra eficaz en la mejora de las habilidades de solución de problemas interpersonales evaluadas en niños superdotados.


Certain research studies report that a number of gifted children show social adaptation issues, as well as problems with social and interpersonal skills, while others consider that this does not occur. In this regard, Neihart, Reis, Robinson and Moon (2002) speaks of a resilience approach versus a risk approach. From the risk viewpoint, this paper presents the benefits of applying training programs in interpersonal skills as to prevent potential problems in gifted children. For this reason, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program for solving interpersonal problems in this population. Participants include 40 gifted children aged 7 to 13, divided into a treatment group and a control - waitlisted - group. Program application results show significant differences in direct assessment measurements in the treatment group. An increase in effect sizes between the treatment group and the control group is also detected, in favor of the former, and a relationship between the children's learning potential and the benefits obtained is also confirmed. In short, the training program proves effective in interpersonal problem-solving skill improvement in children with high intellectual capacity.

2.
Span. j. psychol ; 16: e68.1-68.11, 2013. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-116432

ABSTRACT

This article presents research on a learning potential assessment that was administered to 32 preschool children with typical development, and 32 with specific language impairment receiving treatment at CADIT: the Children’s Center for Early Intervention and Development. The study’s main objective was to examine whether the language-impaired group’s cognitive profile could improve by applying learning potential methodology. Its second aim was to demonstrate the effectiveness of mediation in both groups. The results revealed significant differences between the two groups at pretest on most subscales. As for the second objective, we observed differences between pretest and posttest scores in both groups. In the second group, all differences were significant except in the case of classification and auditory memory, while in the first group, the differences between pretest and posttest scores were significant on all sub-scales but visual memory (AU)


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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Child Behavior/psychology , Personality Development , Memory/physiology , Memory Disorders/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Child Development/physiology , Socialization
3.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 43(5): 299-307, 2008.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18842204

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: research into memory in geriatrics and gerontology has become increasingly important in recent years. However, various studies have shown that not all aspects or types of memory are affected in the same way or with the same severity by old age. OBJECTIVES: the present study aimed to establish differential profiles in objective and subjective memory associated with old age with a view to establishing criteria that could be used to distinguish between age-associated memory loss and pathological memory loss, thus aiding diagnosis of cognitive impairment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a total of 143 participants between 60 and 98 years of age were evaluated using a battery of tests comprising the validated Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination [Lobo's Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC)], diverse tests for objective memory [the auditory verbal learning test of learning potential (AVLT-LP) and a working memory test], and the subjective memory questionnaire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: significant differences were found between distinct age groups in different measures of subjective and objective memory. In general terms, persons who complained most about memory problems were not those with poorer performance on objective memory tests. The results show that measures of subjective and objective memory assess different aspects of memory.


Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Memory/physiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychological Tests , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(5): 299-307, sept. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-71744

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la importancia del estudio de la memoria en geriatría y gerontología ha ido aumentando considerablemente en los últimos años. Sin embargo, diferentes trabajos han puesto de manifiesto que no todas las facetas ni tipos de memoria se ven afectados del mismo modo ni en el mismo grado por el envejecimiento. Objetivos: el trabajo que se presenta se dirige a establecer perfiles diferenciales en memoria asociados a la edad con el fin de fijar criterios que sirvan para diferenciar los olvidos o pérdidas de memoria que pueden deberse al envejecimiento con las pérdidas patológicas de memoria, de tal modo que se disponga de normas precisas de diagnóstico del deterioro cognitivo. Material y métodos: en esta investigación han participado 143 personas, de 60 a 98 años que han sido evaluadas con una batería formada por el Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC), diferentes pruebas de memoria objetiva, entre las que se encuentran tareas de memoria de trabajo y Auditory Verbal test-potencial de aprendizaje (AVLT-PA) y el cuestionario de quejas subjetivas de memoria. Resultados y conclusiones: en primer lugar, se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos de edad establecidos en las diferentes medidas de memoria subjetiva y objetiva utilizadas. En segundo lugar, en términos generales, las personas que más se quejan sobre sus problemas de memoria no fueron aquellas que mostraron un peor rendimiento en las pruebas de memoria objetiva, y por último, los resultados muestran que las medidas subjetivas de memoria y las medidas objetivas evalúan aspectos diferentes


Introduction: research into memory in geriatrics and gerontology has become increasingly important in recent years. However, various studies have shown that not all aspects or types of memory are affected in the same way or with the same severity by old age. Objectives: the present study aimed to establish differential profiles in objective and subjective memory associated with old age with a view to establishing criteria that could be used to distinguish between age-associated memory loss and pathological memory loss, thus aiding diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Material and methods: a total of 143 participants between 60 and 98 years of age were evaluated using a battery of tests comprising the validated Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination [Lobo¿s Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC)], diverse tests for objective memory [the auditory verbal learning test of learning potential (AVLT-LP) and a working memory test], and the subjective memory questionnaire. Results and conclusions: significant differences were found between distinct age groups in different measures of subjective and objective memory. In general terms, persons who complained most about memory problems were not those with poorer performance on objective memory tests. The results show that measures of subjective and objective memory assess different aspects of memory (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Memory/classification , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Geriatric Assessment/methods
5.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 20(3): 420-426, jul.-sept. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68786

ABSTRACT

Los objetivos de este estudio han sido investigar la relación existente entre la sensibilidad al dolor y la intensidad percibida del dolor, y determinar qué variables psicológicas influyen en la sensibilidad al dolor experimental en una muestra de 74 mujeres adultas sin síntomas habituales de dolor. El dolor experimental fue inducido mediante el dolorímetro electrónico portátil (DEP)® y la intensidad de dolor producida fue evaluada mediante una escala visual analógica (EVA). Las características psicológicas estudiadas han sido autogobierno, estrategias para el afrontamiento del estrés, sensibilidad a la ansiedad y las cinco dimensiones de personalidad evaluadas por el BFQ de Caprara, Barbaranelli y Borgogni (1995). Los resultados indican una relación positiva entre sensibilidad al dolor e intensidad subjetiva de dolor, y el análisis de varianza realizado muestra además diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos bajo y alto en sensibilidad al dolor en las variables automotivación, focalización en la solución de problemas, reevaluación positiva de los acontecimientos estresantes, energía y apertura mental (AU)


The goals of this study were to investigate the relation between sensitivity to pain and subjectively perceived intensity of pain, and to establish which psychological variables affect lesser or greater objective sensitivity to experimental pain. The study sample consisted of 74 adult women without regular pain symptoms. Experimental pain was induced by means of the Portable Electronic Dolorimeter (Dolorímetro Electrónico Portátil: DEP)®. Intensity of induced pain was evaluated using a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS). Psychological characteristics studied were self-government, stress-coping strategies, sensitivity to anxiety and the five personality dimensions evaluated by the BFQ of Caprara, Barbaranelli and Borgogni (1995). Results revealed a positive relation between sensitivity to pain and subjective intensity of pain. An analysis of variance also revealed statistically significant differences between groups with low and high sensitivity to pain in the following variables: self-motivation, focalization in problem-solving, positive reappraisal of stressful events, energy and mental openness. The importance of the study lies in the identification of specific psychological factors for intervention in the psychological treatment of pain (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pain Threshold , Personality Assessment , Pain Measurement/methods , Stress, Psychological , Analysis of Variance , Problem Solving
6.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 24(2): 169-186, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-76489

ABSTRACT

La prevención de accidentes infantiles, como estrategia dirigida a la posterior prevención de riesgos laborales se ha convertido en un tópico de gran interés por sus ventajas en incidencia, transversalidad y economía, por ello parece interesante la valoración del impacto de este tipo de acciones. En este estudio se presenta la valoración de una campaña de prevención de accidentes infantiles aplicada en la comunidad andaluza, denominada: “Aprende a Crecer con Seguridad”. La campaña pretende mejorar la “cultura de la prevención” en la población infantil con la finalidad de que estos conocimientos se generalicen y repercutan en el futuro sobre la prevención de accidentes laborales. Para valorar la campaña se ha empleado un diseño quasiexperimental pre/post con Grupo Control no equivalente con la aplicación de diversos instrumentos de evaluación elaborados a tal efecto. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas del Grupo Experimental en conocimientos sobre prevención y en la generalización de estos conocimientos al ámbito laboral. Así mismo, se concluye que en los pueblos grandes y en las capitales los conocimientos sobre riesgos y prevención son superiores a los pueblos pequeños y que los participantes con mayores conocimientos sobre prevención tienen menor tasa de accidentalidad(AU)


The prevention of child accidents as a strategy for the subsequent prevention of risks at work has become a very interesting topic due to its advantages in terms of incidence, transversality and economy. Therefore, the assessment of the impact of this kind of actions seems to be worthwhile. This paper describes the assessment of a campaign for the prevention of child accidents carried out in Andalusia under the headline “Learn how to grow up safely.” This campaign aims at improving “prevention culture” among the population of children so that this knowledge eventually lead to the prevention of work accidents in the future. Program assessment was performed through a quasi-experimental pre/post design with a non-equivalent control group. Results show that the experimental group had a significant higher knowledge on prevention that was in turn extended to the workplace. As a conclusion, it appears that knowledge on risks and prevention is higher in big towns and capitals than in small towns. Finally, it is noteworthy that participants with higher knowledge on prevention have a lower accident rate(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Accident Prevention/methods , Primary Prevention/methods , Occupational Risks , Evaluation of Results of Preventive Actions , Health Promotion/methods
7.
Clín. salud ; 17(2): 187-202, 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049502

ABSTRACT

el objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el efecto de un entrenamiento en memoria en el mantenimiento cognitivo de ancianos con y sin deterioro cognitivo. Método: En la investigación han participado 98 ancianos (59 grupo tratamiento y 39 grupo control) que han sido evaluados en tres momentos temporales (antes del entrenamiento, después del mismo y tras 9 meses) con diversas pruebas de funcionamiento cognitivo. Las personas del grupo tratamiento han participado en un programa de entrenamiento en memoria de 14 sesiones. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los ancianos del grupo tratamiento mejoran su rendimiento cognitivo en las evaluaciones posteriores al entrenamiento mientras que las del grupo control sufren un declive de tal manera que, aunque no existen diferencias significativas de partida entre grupos, éstas sí que se producen una vez introducida la fase entrenamiento. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran los efectos positivos de este tipo de intervenciones cuando se trabaja conpoblación anciana


The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of memory training on cognitive maintenance inolder adults with and without cognitive decline. Method: 98 older adults participated in the study (59 in the treatment group and 39 in the control group). Subjects were evaluated at the three points in time using diverse cognitive functioning tests - before training, immediately after training, and nine months after training. Subjects in the treatment group participated in a memory-training programme during 14 sessions. Results: Older adults in the treatment group improved their cognitive performance in the post-training tests, while members of the control group presented a decline. Thus, while there were no initial significant inter-group differences, these differences became apparent after the training phase. conclusions: the results show the positive effects of this type of training when working with the older adult population


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Aged , Humans , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Memory Disorders/therapy , Aging , Memory/physiology , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods
8.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 16(2): 217-221, mayo 2004. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-32458

ABSTRACT

La evaluación del potencial de aprendizaje surge como alternativa a la evaluación tradicional de la inteligencia asociada a la evaluación de niños y adolescentes con déficits o problemas de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, está recibiendo gran atención por parte de diferentes grupos de investigación internacionales, no sólo en relación a sus supuestos y su metodología, sino también a su aplicabilidad en otras poblaciones objetivo. En este trabajo se revisan tres cuestiones importantes relacionadas con su validez, que han sido muy debatidas en una serie de trabajos publicados recientemente. Éstas son: su supuesto básico de evaluación de la capacidad de aprendizaje, las diferentes alternativas para llevar a cabo la medida del cambio que implica su aplicación y los estudios de validez desarrollados (AU)


The assessment of Learning Potential, is an assessment methodology that was born firstly, as an alternative to traditional intelligence assessment aproach, asociated to children and young people with deficits or learning disabilities. Nowadays, however, Learning Potential Assessment is receiving an important attention on differents international research groups, not only in order to its aims and methodology, but also to its applicability on other populations. In this work, three important cuestions related to Learning Potential Assessment validity, that have been discussed in several works published recently, have been reviewed. These cuestions are, its way of performing the assessment of learning ability, the different alternatives to do the change measurement that involves its application and the validity studies that have been developed (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Aged , Middle Aged , Child , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Learning , Intelligence , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Education of Intellectually Disabled , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results
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