ABSTRACT
We report in this study on the isolation and expansion of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from the epithelium of oral mucosa (OM) using reagents that are GMP-certified and FDA-approved for clinical use. Characterization analysis showed that the levels of keratins K2, K6C, K4, K13, K31, and K15-specific to OM epithelial cells-were significantly lower in the experimental NCSCs. While SOX10 was decreased with no statistically significant difference, the earliest neural crest specifier genes SNAI1/2, Ap2a, Ap2c, SOX9, SOX30, Pax3, and Twist1 showed a trend in increased expression in NCSCs. In addition, proteins of Oct4, Nestin and Noth1 were found to be greatly expressed, confirming NCSC multipotency. In conclusion, our study showed that the epithelium of OM contains NCSCs that can be isolated and expanded with clinical-grade reagents to supply the demand for multipotent cells required for clinical applications in regenerative medicine. Supported by Emmaus Medical Inc.
Subject(s)
Neural Crest , Neural Stem Cells , Humans , Neural Crest/metabolism , Mouth Mucosa , Neural Stem Cells/metabolism , Multipotent Stem Cells/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism , SOX Transcription Factors/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Music is part of operating room (OR) culture; however, some personnel may perceive music as a distraction. METHODS: A single institution survey of surgeons (SURG), anesthesia (ANES), and nursing (NURS) regarding attitudes on music in the OR. RESULTS: There were 222 responses (67% response rate) agreeing that music in the OR should be allowed (91%), is calming (75%), and helps with focus (63%). Most did not feel music was distracting (63%) or unsafe (80%). SURG were more likely to state that surgeons should decide (46.7%) if music should be played, whereas ANES and NURS (81%) were more likely to feel decisions should be made collaboratively (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Most OR personnel feel positively towards music. Surgeons were more likely to believe the decision to play music should be the surgeon's choice. The majority of OR staff agreed with collaborative decision-making, aligning with creating a safe OR culture.
ABSTRACT
Nitrogen-containing and non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates have been implicated in the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), a condition termed bisphosphonate-related OHJ. Other antiresorptive drugs have been implicated in the development of OHJ, hence the new term antiresorptive drug-related ONJ. The underlying pathogenesis remains unclear, and no definite diagnosis or cure has been established for this debilitating condition. This article reviews some of the most common antiresorptive drugs with their associated risks of ONJ and the current understanding of the pathogenesis ONJ, and summarizes current clinical guidelines.
Subject(s)
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/etiology , Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects , Jaw Diseases/chemically induced , Osteonecrosis/chemically induced , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/diagnosis , Denosumab , Diphosphonates/adverse effects , Humans , Jaw Diseases/diagnosis , Osteonecrosis/diagnosis , RANK Ligand/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (MEH), also known as high-risk epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, is a low- to intermediate-grade vascular malignancy originally described as a vascular neoplasm of endothelial origin. This very rare vascular neoplasm has been described mainly in soft tissue, but also in various organs and locations, including the liver, lung, brain, colon, lymph nodes, peritoneum, spleen, bone, skin, heart, soft tissues, and vascular system. Several cases have been described in the head and neck, including the submandibular gland, parotid gland, nasal cavity, parapharyngeal space, maxilla, maxillary sinus, occipital bone, oral cavity, thyroid gland, neck, scalp, larynx, and mandible. This case report is the first description of MEH presenting as an exophytic lower-lip lesion.
Subject(s)
Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/diagnosis , Lip Neoplasms/diagnosis , Biopsy , Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure , Cytoplasm/ultrastructure , Diagnosis, Differential , Epithelium/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lip/surgery , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Oral Ulcer/diagnosisABSTRACT
Extract of Toona sinensis (TS) has been reported to have various effects on cultured cell lines, including anti-proliferative activity in cancer cells. We have studied the effects of TS on various human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines (HOSCC), including UM1, UM2, SCC-4, and SCC-9. These cell lines were treated with TS leaf extract and screened for viability, apoptosis, necrosis, and apoptotic gene expression. Normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK) served as a control for cytotoxic assays. Viability of TS-treated HOSCC was reduced, whereas that of NHOK was not affected. FACScan analysis revealed that the leaf extract induced apoptosis or a combination of apoptosis and necrosis, depending on cell type. Microarray and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis for apoptotic-related gene expression revealed that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid, one of the major bioactive compounds purified from TS extract) up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes such TNF-α, TP53BP2, and GADD45A, and down-regulated the anti-apoptotic genes Survivin and cIAP1, resulting in cell death. This study suggests that gallic acid, the major bioactive compound present, is responsible for the anti-neoplastic effect of Toona sinensis leaf extract.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Gallic Acid/therapeutic use , Meliaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/genetics , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Gallic Acid/chemistry , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Keratinocytes/drug effects , Mouth Neoplasms , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismSubject(s)
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/therapeutic use , Mandible/surgery , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/therapeutic use , Surgical Flaps/pathology , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/drug therapy , Wound Healing/drug effects , Adolescent , Alveolar Ridge Augmentation , Becaplermin , Bone Transplantation/pathology , Drug Labeling , Graft Survival/drug effects , Graft Survival/physiology , Humans , Male , Mandible/pathology , Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic/methods , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis , Recombinant Proteins , Surgical Flaps/blood supply , Treatment Outcome , Wound Healing/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Cyclophilin A (CypA) was originally identified as a cytosolic protein possessing peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity. CypA has been shown to play a pivotal role in the immune response, but little is known about other molecular mechanisms of CypA-mediated biologic events. In our present study, we demonstrate that knockdown CypA expression using RNAi in U2OS cells resulted in disruption of the F-actin structure, as well as decreased anchorage-independent growth, proliferation, and migration. Wild-type U2OS cells treated with cyclosporine A (CsA), a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase inhibitor, displayed the same phenotype as knockdown CypA cells, suggesting that the isomerase activity of CypA is required to maintain a normal phenotype. In vitro and in vivo binding assays revealed that CypA binds to N-WASP, which functions in the nucleation of actin via the Arp2/3 complex. Pulse-chase labeling study indicated an enhanced degradation of N-WASP in cell lacking CypA, suggesting that CypA is required for stabilizing N-WASP to form a N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex for the nucleation/initiation of F-actin polymerization.
