ABSTRACT
Introducción: La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) se considera como una afección crónica con alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Su sintomatología, el impacto que genera en el funcionamiento de la persona y los cambios que causa en su red de apoyo social, han llevado a que sea un tema de amplio interés para la investigación. La idea de desarrollar la EA y convivir con ella genera diversas actitudes, es decir la tendencia a asumir una posición en favor o en contra. Objetivos: reflexionar sobre las actitudes hacia la EA, a partir de los hallazgos obtenidos en una revisión de la literatura publicada entre 2000 y 2020. Resultados: se encontraron diversas creencias hacia la EA en relación con su etiología, curso y tratamiento, así como el predominio de sentimientos y emociones negativos hacia ella. Llama la atención las conductas dirigidas a buscar la prevención de esta enfermedad. Conclusiones: se reflexiona sobre la relevancia y la pertinencia de considerar la evaluación de las actitudes en los contextos de salud.
Introduction: Alzheimer Ìs disease (AD) is considered a chronic condition with high prevalence worldwide. Its symptomatology, the impact it causes on patient Ìs ability to function and the negative changes in his or her social support network have made it a very interesting topic for research. The idea of developing AD and living with it give rise to diverse attitudes, that is, the tendency to take a stance in favor of or against AD. This article aims to make a reflection on the attitudes towards AD, based on the findings obtained in a review of the literature published between 2000 and 2020. Results: we found various beliefs regarding AD, related with its etiology, course and treatment, as well as the predominance of negative feelings and emotions towards it. Our attention is caught by the behaviors aimed at seeking developments in its prevention. Conclusions: we reflect on the relevance and pertinence of considering the evaluation of attitudes in the contexts of health.
Subject(s)
Attitude , Knowledge , Alzheimer Disease , Behavior , Culture , EmotionsABSTRACT
Centrolene notostictum Ruiz-Carranza Lynch,1991 is a glassfrog known from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia-in the Departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander and Santander (Frost 2017)-and the Venezuelan versant of the Sierra de Perijá (Rojas et al. 2012) from 1600 to 2440 masl. Although males have been found calling on the upper surface of the leaves of ferns and Heliconeaceae on the margins of a small fast-flowing stream (Rojas et al. 2012), no quantitative description of the advertisement call of C. notostictum is currently available. During fieldwork in the Galilea Natural Forest (on the western slope of Cordillera Oriental in the municipality of Villarrica, department of Tolima, Colombia) in 2016 and 2017, we found three vocalizing males of C. notostictum. Herein, we report the first geographic record of this species for the department of Tolima and describe its previously unknown advertisement call.
Subject(s)
Anura , Animals , Colombia , Ferns , Forests , MaleABSTRACT
The Neotropical toads of the genus Atelopus are among the most imperiled of all amphibians (La Marca et al. 2005; Gonzalez-Maya et al. 2013; McCaffery et al. 2015). Nowadays, at least 90% of the 93 listed species are threatened and more than 77% are Critically Endangered (McCaffery et al. 2015; IUCN 2016). Colombia has 44 described species of Atelopus (Frost 2017), two of these are categorized as extinct (EX) by the IUCN (2016): A. ignescens and A. longirostris, although they were recently re-discovered in Ecuador (Tapia et al. 2017), 34 as critical endangered (CR), four as endangered (EN), two as vulnerable (VU), one species has data deficient (DD) and another one has not been evaluated. Atelopus subornatus Werner, 1899, is an endemic Colombian harlequin toad described from 2300 to 2800 m.a.s.l in the municipalities of Sibaté (Alto de Sibaté and Agua Bonita) and Fusagasuga (above Fusagasuga and Tierra Negra), in Cundinamarca (Fig. 1A), on the western flank from Cordillera Oriental of Colombia (Werner 1899; Lynch 1986; Lötters 1989, 1992). The last record of this species was in 1993 (Lötters 2005), and it currently is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN (2016). Herein, we report the rediscovery of A. subornatus at a new locality from Tolima, Colombia (Fig. 1A), and redescribe its tadpole. The determination of the species was based on comparisons with material deposited in the amphibian collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (ICN-UNAL) for all species of Atelopus reported from the same general area in Cundinamarca and relatively similar to A. subornatus. The specimens are housed in the Herpetological collection of the Tolima University (CZUT-A) and amphibian collection of ICN-UNAL.
