ABSTRACT
La autora de este artículo se ha fijado el objetivo de esclarecer la frontera entre la normalidad y la anormalidad en lo que respecta a las alteraciones de la memoria, así como a analizar los tratamientos que se emplean para paliarlas o frenarlas, teniendo en cuenta que este problema, con frecuencia y durante años, no traspasa, aparentemente, la línea de la enfermedad. El deseo de cumplir años manteniendo una mente sana convierte en alarma social la pérdida de memoria, pero al mismo tiempo, el aumento de longevidad de la población hace que se incrementen los casos de envejecimiento cerebral.
The author of this article has set herself the objective of clarifying the boundary between normality and abnormality in terms of memory alterations, as well as analyzing the treatments used to alleviate or curb them, bearing in mind that this problem, frequently and for years, does not apparently, cross the line of the disease. The desire to grow old while maintaining a healthy mind turns memory loss into social alarm, but at the same time, the increase in longevity of the population causes cases of brain aging to increase.
Subject(s)
Humans , Homeopathic Therapeutics , Memory Disorders/therapyABSTRACT
La nefropatía del síndrome anti fosfolípido (NSAF) es actualmente una alteración patológica bien definida, caracterizada por la presencia de lesiones renales vaso-oclusivas, trombosis aguda arterial y arteriolar, y que ocasiona zonas de atrofia isquémica cortical. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la prevalencia y el significado clínico de la NSAF en pacientes con glomerulonefritis (GN) secundaria a Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES). Se analizaron retrospectivamente las biopsias renales de 162 pacientes con GN secundaria a LES, buscando intencionadamente los datos histopatológicos de la NSAF. Se registraron los datos clínicos y serológicos al momento de la biopsia renal y durante el período de seguimiento promedio de 7 años. En los casos en que se obtuvo una biopsia renal subsecuente se analizó el desarrollo de la NASF. Resultados: Encontramos datos de NSAF en 17 pacientes (10.4%); 12 de ellos tenían lesiones proliferativas focales o difusas. Los índices histopatológicos de actividad y de cronicidad fueron más altos en los pacientes con la NSAF cuando se compararon con los pacientes sin NSAF. Los pacientes con nefropatía anti fosfolípido tuvieron con mayor frecuencia hipertensión arterial, creatinina sérica elevada, síndrome nefrótico, GN rápidamente progresiva y muerte, en comparación con los pacientes con GN lúpica sin NSAF. Se detectaron anticuerpos anticardiolipina en 52% de los pacientes con NSAF en quienes se realizó el examen al momento de la biopsia, en comparación con 27% de los pacientes sin NSAF. Se realizó biopsia renal subsecuente en 18 pacientes; quienes tuvieron NSAF en la primera biopsia tuvieron mayor incremento en la esclerosis glomerular en la segunda biopsia, al compararlo con quienes no tuvieron NSAF en la biopsia inicial. Conclusiones: La nefropatía del antifosfolípido es un factor de riesgo para hipertensión arterial, síndrome nefrótico y GN rápidamente progresiva en los pacientes con GN lúpica. La NSAF debiera considerarse en los criterios de clasificación del síndrome anti fosfolípido, y sería recomendable realizar estudios con tratamiento anticoagulante en estos pacientes (AU)
Antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy (APSN) is now a well-recognized vaso-occlusive renal lesion associated with acute thrombosis and chronic arterial and arteriolar lesions, leading to zones of cortical ischemic atrophy. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of APSN in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Methods Kidney biopsy specimens obtained from 162 patients with lupus glomerulonephritis were retrospectively examined for the presence of APSN. Clinical and laboratory data obtained at the time of kidney biopsy and during a mean follow-up of 7 years were recorded. In cases for which serial kidney biopsy specimens were available, the evolution of APSN was examined. Results We found APSN in 17 (10.4%) patients with lupus glomerulonephritis (GN), 12 with focal or proliferative lesions. Both activity and chronicity indexes were higher in patients with APSN when compared with lupus nephritis without APSN. Patients with APSN had a higher frequency of hypertension and elevated serum creatinine levels at the time or kidney biopsy, as well as a higher frequency of rapidly progressive GN, nephrotic syndrome and death at the end of the follow-up. Anticardiolipin antibodies were found in 52% of those with APSN and in 27% of those without APSN. Serial kidney biopsy specimens were available from 18 patients. An increase of glomerular sclerosis was found in the second biopsy particularly in those patients with APSN in the first biopsy. Conclusions APSN is a risk factor that contributes to an elevated prevalence of hypertension, elevated serum creatinine, nephrotic syndrome and increased glomerular sclerosis. APSN should be included in the classification criteria of APS, and the use of appropriate anticoagulant therapy should be tested (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Nephritis/complications , Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/isolation & purification , Antibodies, Anticardiolipin/isolation & purification , Biopsy , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy (APSN) is now a well recognized vaso-occlusive renal lesion associated with acute thrombosis and chronic arterial and arteriolar lesions, leading to zones of cortical ischemic atrophy. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of APSN in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Kidney biopsy specimens obtained from 162 patients with lupus glomerulonephritis were retrospectively examined for the presence of APSN. Clinical and laboratory data obtained at the time of kidney biopsy and during a mean follow-up of 7 years were recorded. In cases for which serial kidney biopsy specimens were available, the evolution of APSN was examined. RESULTS: We found APSN in 17 (10.4%) patients with lupus glomerulonephritis (GN), 12 with focal or proliferative lesions. Both activity and chronicity indexes were higher in patients with APSN when compared with lupus nephritis without APSN. Patients with APSN had a higher frequency of hypertension and elevated serum creatinine levels at the time or kidney biopsy, as well as a higher frequency of rapidly progressive GN, nephrotic syndrome and death at the end of the follow-up. Anticardiolipin antibodies were found in 52% of those with APSN and in 27% of those without APSN. Serial kidney biopsy specimens were available from 18 patients. An increase of glomerular sclerosis was found in the second biopsy particularly in those patients with APSN in the first biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: APSN is a risk factor that contributes to an elevated prevalence of hypertension, elevated serum creatinine, nephrotic syndrome and increased glomerular sclerosis. APSN should be included in the classification criteria of APS, and the use of appropriate anticoagulant therapy should be tested.
