Family-based pediatric weight management interventions in US primary care settings targeting children ages 6-12 years old: A systematic review guided by the RE-AIM framework.

Obesity is a pandemic that disproportionately affects children from vulnerable populations in the USA. Current treatment approaches in primary care settings in the USA have been reported to be insufficient at managing pediatric obesity, primarily due to implementation challenges for healthcare systems and barriers for families. While the literature has examined the efficacy of pediatric obesity interventions focused on internal validity, it lacks sufficient reporting and analysis of external validity necessary for successful translation to primary care settings. We conducted a systematic review of the primary-care-setting literature from January 2007 to March 2020 on family-based pediatric weight management interventions in both English and/or Spanish for children ages 6-12 years in the USA using the Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. A literature search, using PRISMA guidelines, was conducted in January 2022 using the following electronic databases: Medline Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane Library. 22 270 records were screened, and 376 articles were reviewed in full. 184 studies were included. The most commonly reported dimensions of the RE-AIM framework were Reach (65%), Efficacy/Effectiveness (64%), and Adoption (64%), while Implementation (47%) and Maintenance (42%) were less often reported. The prevalence of reporting RE-AIM construct indicators ranged greatly, from 1% to 100%. This systematic review underscores the need for more focus on external validity to guide the development, implementation, and dissemination of future pediatric obesity interventions based in primary care settings. It also suggests conducting additional research on sustainable financing for pediatric obesity interventions.

Pediatric weight management research focused on primary care centers for children ages 6­12 in the USA has typically focused on assessing the effectiveness of the intervention rather than how to translate and disseminate such interventions into different settings for diverse populations, or external validity. Using the Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, we conducted a systematic review to report how existing research reports external validity.

The inhibitory effect of photodynamic therapy on dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida krusei can be determined by Candida albicans/Candida krusei ratio.

Candida krusei and Candida albicans present the ability to form communities of microorganisms called biofilms. Biofilms can be composed of a single species or more and are an important virulence factor. The inhibition of C. albicans and C. krusei as well as of their dual-species biofilms by antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aPDT, with TBO, on dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and C. krusei using different culture mediums, RPMI-1640 and Sabouraud-dextrose broth (SDB) to produce biofilms presenting different C. albicans/C. krusei ratio. Biofilms formed using RPMI-1640 presented a higher C. albicans/C. krusei ratio, however, biofilms formed using SDB presented a predominance of C. krusei. The metabolic activity of biofilms produced using RPMI-1640 was inhibited by aP (∼40%), while biofilms produced using SDB were not affected by aPDT. In addition, biofilm biomass was reduced in biofilms produced using RPMI-1640 and treated with aPDT (∼20%). The results demonstrated that aPDT reduces C. albicans development in dual-species biofilms with C. krusei. However, no effect could be observed on C. krusei, demonstrating that C. krusei, when present in the structure of dual-species biofilms can be resistant to aPDT.

Alteraciones lipídicas y su relación con los niveles de vitamina D en menores de 18 años con diabetes tipo 1 / Lipid changes and their relationship with vitamin D levels in children under 18 years with type 1 diabetes

Objetivo: Analizar en menores de 18 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) las alteraciones lipídicas y su relación con los niveles de 25 hidroxi vitamina D3 (25-OH-D). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal y descriptivo. Se incluyen menores de 18 años con DM1 mediante un muestreo no aleatorizado consecutivo. Determinaciones: sexo, edad, estadio puberal, tiempo de evolución de la DM1, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) 25-OH-D, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol y triglicéridos (TG). Se estratifican los resultados para sexo, edad y estadio puberal. Se analizan los datos con el programa SPSS®. Resultados: Se recogen 90 pacientes: edad media de 11,7 ± 3,6 años, predominio masculino (51,1%) y HbA1c media de 7,5 ± 1,3%. El 26,6% presentan 25-OH-D < 20 ng/ml y el 13,3% 25-OH-D ≤ 15 ng/ml. No se observan diferencias en la 25-OH-D en pacientes con sobrepeso-obesidad respecto al resto. El 1,1% presentan HDL-colesterol < 40 ng/ml, el 34,4% LDL-colesterol ≥ 100 mg/dl y el 2,2% TG ≥ 150 mg/dl. Los pacientes con 25-OH-D < 20 ng/ml presentan valores superiores de TG que el resto (76,80 ± 45,62 vs 57,55 ± 26,08; p = 0,04) en el análisis multivariante para índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal y HbA1c. Se observa correlación entre los niveles de 25-OH-D y los TG (–0,230; p = 0,029). Conclusión: En nuestra población los pacientes con insuficiencia de vitamina D muestran valores de TG superiores. Debe realizarse un seguimiento a largo plazo para conocer las repercusiones sobre las complicaciones relacionadas con la diabetes (AU)

Objective: To analyze lipid changes and their relationship with 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OH-D) levels in patients under 18 years old with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study. Patients under 18 years with T1DM were enrolled by consecutive, nonrandomized sampling. Data collected included sex, age, pubertal stage, time since T1DM onset, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 25-OH-D, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Results were stratified by sex, age, and pubertal stage. Data were analyzed using SPSS®. Results: Ninety patients with a mean age of 11.7 ± 3.6 years (51.1% males) and mean HbA1c levels of 7.5 ± 1.3% were enrolled. Of these, 26.6% had 25-OH-D levels < 20 ng/mL and 13.3% 25-OH-D levels ≤ 15 ng/mL. No differences were found in 25-OH-D between patients with overweight or obesity and the rest. HDL-C levels < 40 ng/mL were found in 1.1%, 34.4% had LDL-C levels ≥ 100 mg/dL, and 2.2% had TG levels ≥ 150 mg/dL. Patients with 25-OH-D < 20 ng/mL had higher TG levels than the rest (76.80 ± 45.62 vs 57.55 ± 26.08; P = .04) in the multivariate analysis controlled for BMI, waist circumference, and HbA1c. A correlation was found between 25-OH-D and TG levels (-0.230;P = .029). Conclusions: Patients in our population with vitamin D deficiency had higher TG levels. Long-term follow-up should be performed to understand the potential impact of such levels on diabetes-related complications (AU)

Lipid changes and their relationship with vitamin D levels in children under 18 years with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze lipid changes and their relationship with 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OH-D) levels in patients under 18 years old with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study. Patients under 18 years with T1DM were enrolled by consecutive, nonrandomized sampling. Data collected included sex, age, pubertal stage, time since T1DM onset, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 25-OH-D, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Results were stratified by sex, age, and pubertal stage. Data were analyzed using SPSS(®). RESULTS: Ninety patients with a mean age of 11.7 ± 3.6 years (51.1% males) and mean HbA1c levels of 7.5 ± 1.3% were enrolled. Of these, 26.6% had 25-OH-D levels<20 ng/mL and 13.3% 25-OH-D levels ≤ 15 ng/mL. No differences were found in 25-OH-D between patients with overweight or obesity and the rest. HDL-C levels<40 ng/mL were found in 1.1%, 34.4% had LDL-C levels ≥ 100 mg/dL, and 2.2% had TG levels ≥ 150 mg/dL. Patients with 25-OH-D<20 ng/mL had higher TG levels than the rest (76.80 ± 45.62 vs 57.55 ± 26.08; P=.04) in the multivariate analysis controlled for BMI, waist circumference, and HbA1c. A correlation was found between 25-OH-D and TG levels (-0.230; P=.029). CONCLUSIONS: Patients in our population with vitamin D deficiency had higher TG levels. Long-term follow-up should be performed to understand the potential impact of such levels on diabetes-related complications.