Colloidal Nanosilica Treatments for Sealing Cracks in Mortar.

Presence of microcracks in concrete can diminish the service life of a structure. The injection of materials for filling the crack is proposed for facing this problem. The traditional materials used for sealing cracks present some drawbacks, such as the difficulties of inorganic materials for flowing to all the depth of the crack and the lack of compatibility with the cementitious matrix in the case of organic materials. In this work, the injection of colloidal nanosilica dispersed in water is proposed for filling microcracks in mortars. The effect of the injection procedure on the sealing performance of the colloidal nanosilica has been assessed. The ability of colloidal nanosilica for penetrating through the crack and its posterior gelification-solidification inside the crack after a curing period have been confirmed. The microscopic analysis of a cross-section of the crack indicates that the sealing ability of the nanosilica seems to be not only due to the filling of the crack but also to chemical interactions with the cementitious phases of the surrounding crack sides.

Adaptive fuzzy modeling of the hypnotic process in anesthesia.

This paper addresses the problem of patient model synthesis in anesthesia. Recent advanced drug infusion mechanisms use a patient model to establish the proper drug dose. However, due to the inherent complexity and variability of the patient dynamics, difficulty obtaining a good model is high. In this paper, a method based on fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms is proposed as an alternative to standard compartmental models. The model uses a Mamdani type fuzzy inference system developed in a two-step procedure. First, an offline model is obtained using information from real patients. Then, an adaptive strategy that uses genetic algorithms is implemented. The validation of the modeling technique was done using real data obtained from real patients in the operating room. Results show that the proposed method based on artificial intelligence appears to be an improved alternative to existing compartmental methodologies.

Behavior of endosseous one-piece yttrium stabilized zirconia dental implants placed in posterior areas.

AIM: Considering that zirconia dental implants are indicated for the rehabilitation of highly esthetic areas, the aim of this work was to investigate the functional behavior of these implants positioned in the posterior regions of the jaws. METHODS: The study included 6 patients with 14 zirconia implants positioned in posterior (molar) areas of the jaws. Immediately after surgery, all implants were restored with temporary crowns or bridges. Clinical radiographic evaluation was performed 6 months after surgery and subsequently every year. At these follow-up visits, periodontal indexes were recorded and peri-apical radiographs were taken in order to calculate marginal bone loss. RESULTS: The success and survival rates were 100%. The modified bleeding index (mBI) and modified plaque index (mPLI) were respectively equal to 0.57±0.51 and 0.29 ± 0.47 at 4-year follow-up. The overall mean probing depth of the implants was 3.13±0.87 mm. The mean marginal bone loss was +0.665 mm 4 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: Considering the limits of our study, as regards to the data concerning peri-implant tissue health, marginal bone loss and survival and success rates of zirconium implants placed in posterior areas, we can conclude that the data reported are very encouraging although the number of implants observed is still limited.

Comparison of two-step transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) for universal newborn hearing screening programs.

OBJECTIVE: Both transitory auditory otoemissions (TEOAE) and automated auditory brainstem responses (AABR) are considered adequate methods for universal hearing screening. The goal of this study was to compare the results obtained with each device, applying the same screening procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2001 to 2003, all the newborns in our health area (2454 infants) were evaluated with TEOAE (ILO92, otodynamics) and all those born from 2004 to 2006 (3117) were evaluated with AABR (AccuScreen, Fischer-Zoth). The population studied included all well newborns and those admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The first screening was normally undertaken with well babies during the first 48h of life, before hospital discharge. Infants referred from this first step underwent a second screening after hospital discharge, before they were a month old. RESULTS: The results from each study group were compared and analyzed for significant differences. TEOAE screening yielded 10.2% fail results from the first screening step; AABR gave 2.6%. In the second screening step, 2% of the newborns screened with TEOAE were referred, whereas 0.32% of those screened with AABR were referred. These differences are statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Although AABR screening tests involve a slightly higher cost in time and money than TEOAE, the results obtained compensate this difference. AABR gives fewer false positives and a lower referral rate; the percent of infants lost during follow-up is consequently smaller. Therefore, in our environment, universal newborn auditory screening with AABR is more effective than that with TEOAE.

Effect of caponisation on growth and on carcass and meat characteristics in Castellana Negra native Spanish chickens.

This paper analyses the effect of caponisation at 8 weeks on growth and on carcass and meat characteristics of Castellana Negra chickens slaughtered at 29 weeks. Caponisation did not result in weight improvements as compared with uncastrated birds. No changes were observed in the growth rate or in the parameters determining the point of inflection in the growth curve (sexual maturity). Regarding carcass characteristics, castration resulted in a wider breast angle and heavier pectoral muscles in caponised birds than in uncastrated birds, but with no differences in thigh and drumstick weight and length. Capon meat showed a higher fat content than that of cocks, making it juicier and less fibrous. No differences were found in fatty acid content (C 14:0, C 18:0, C 18:1 and C 18:2). Nor were there any differences in colour measurements, pH or water loss from the meat. While cocks' thighs + drumsticks were found to be tougher than their breasts, there were no such differences in capons because after castration, thigh + drumstick meat became more tender.

Growth and lay modelling in a population of Castellana Negra native Spanish hens.

1. This study shows the results of (a) fitting growth data to a Gompertz-Laird model and (b) fitting egg production per housed bird to a Grossman model, in a population of Castellana Negra hens. 2. The maximum growth point for males and females, respectively, occurred at 10.6 and 9.3 weeks and the estimated weights at maturity were 2852 and 1878 g. Growth curve parameters were lower than those of commercial lines and similar to reports of other unselected breeds. 3. The start of lay was at 23 weeks. Total egg production reached 163 at 52 weeks, with a persistency (length of constant production) of 3.4 weeks and a production maximum of 69%. The maximum rate of change segment of the laying curve started at 24.3 weeks of age, and the production maximum started at 5.8 weeks into lay. The rate of decline was 1.4% weekly. 4. The Castellana Negra breed belongs to the class of slow-growing light lines and egg production was 163 eggs per calendar year.

[Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis]. / Tumor adenomatoide de epididimo.

OBJECTIVE: Paratesticular tumors are very rare and mostly bening. Wa aport a new case of adenomatoid tumor of epididymis METHOD: Male of 40 years old with solid lesion in epidididymis tale treated with mass exéresis RESULTS: Adenoamotid tumor of the epididymis confirmed with hystopathologic technique CONCLUSION: Adenomatoid tumor of epididymis is the most frequent paratesticular tumors and when is suspected, conservative surgery must be performed.

Tumor adenomatoide de epididimo / Adenomatoid tumor of the epydidimis

Objetivo: Los tumores paratesticulares son poco habituales siendo en la mayoría de los casos benignos. Aportamos un nuevo caso de tumor adenomatoide de epidídimo. Método: Varón de 40 años con masa sólida en cola epidídimo tratada mediante exéresis de la misma Resultados: Tumor adenomatoide confirmado mediante inmunohistoquímica Conclusión: El tumor adenomatoide es el más frecuente de los tumores paratesticulares y su sospecha permite realizar cirugía conservadora

Objective: Paratesticular tumors are very rare and mostly bening. Wa aport a new case of adenomatoid tumor of epididymis Method: Male of 40 years old with solid lesion in epidididymis tale treated with mass exéresis Results. Adenoamotid tumor of the epididymis confirmed with hystopathologic technique Conclusion: Adenomatoid tumor of epididymis is the most frequent paratesticular tumors and when is suspected, conservative surgery must be performed

[Prognostic value of E-cadherina, beta catenin, Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein in the superficial bladder tumors]. / Cadherina E, catenina beta, antígeno Ki-67 y proteína p53 en el pronóstico de la recidiva tumoral en los tumores superficiales de vejiga T1.

INTRODUCTION: The natural history of the superficial carcinoma of bladder is characterized by his high rate of recurrence and by the aptitude to progress to higher stages. We are going to investigate the capacity of prediction for tumor recurrence of protein p53, antigen Ki-67, E Cadherin and Beta Catenin MATERIAL AND METHOD: 88 T1 tumors with a median of free time of disease of 36 months. 58% of the serie has received prophylactic treatment with BCG 81 mg. weekly for six weeks. Cut-oof level for For P53 and Ki-67 is 10 % of stained cells. For E Cadherin and Beta Catenin we have established two groups: one with the values 0-4 (negative), and other one with the values 5-8 (positive). RESULTS: Recurrence rate 31%, stage progression 3%. Ki-67 expression is correlated with grade (p .002) and lymphatic permeation (p .028). Multiplicity is correlated with lack( of Cadherin and Catenin's expression. Only Ki-67 expression (p .049) and lack of Beta Catenin expression (p .039) reach statistical significance. In multivariant study only lack of Beta Catenin's expression shows independent recurrence value (p .049; O.R: 2,4-6,9) CONCLUSIONS: The most useful prognmostic markers are Ki-67 and Catenina Beta Only Beta Catenin Beta shows independent value for tumour recurrence. Tumors wich lack expression for Catenin B or Cadherin E have lower recurrence free time.

Cadherina E, Catenina Beta, Antígeno Ki-67 y proteína p53 en el pronóstico de la recidiva tumoral en los tumores superficiales de vejiga T1 / Prognostic value of E-Cadherina, Beta Catenin, K1, Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein in the superficial bladder tumors

Introducción: La historia natural del carcinoma superficial de vejiga (CSV) se caracteriza por su alta tasa de recidivas y por la capacidad de progresar a estadios infiltrantes. Vamos a investigar la capacidad de predicción de recidiva tumoral de la proteína p53, el antígeno Ki-67 y las moléculas de adhesión celular Cadherina E y Catenina Beta Material y método: 88 tumores T1 con una mediana de tiempo libre de enfermedad de 36 meses. Han recibido tratamiento profiláctico con BCG 81 mg. semanal durante seis semanas el 58% de la serie. Para p53 y Ki-67 se estableció el nivel de 10% de células teñidas para considerar positivo el tumor. Para Cadherina E y Catenina se han establecido dos grupos: uno con los valores 0-4 (negativo), y otro con los valores 5-8 (positivo). Resultados: Han recidivado el 31% de los tumores y progresado a estadio infiltrante el 3% La expresión de Ki-67 se correlaciona con grado (p ,002) y permeación linfática (p ,028). La multiplicidad tumoral con la falta de expresión de Cadherina E y Catenina Beta. Sólo la expresión de Ki-67 (p .049) y la de Catenina Beta (p .039) alcanzan significación estadística. En el estudio multivariante sólo la falta de expresión de Catenina Beta muestra tener valor pronóstico independiente para recidiva (p .049; O.R : 2,4-6,9) Conclusiones: Los marcadores más útiles son Ki-67 y Catenina Beta. Sólo la Catenina Beta muestra un valor independiente para recidiva tumoral. Los tumores que no expresan Catenina Beta o Cadherina E tienen un menor tiempo libre de recidiva

Introduction: The natural history of the superficial carcinoma of bladder is characterized by his high rate of recurrence and by the aptitude to progress to higher stages. We are going to investigate the capacity of prediction for tumor recurrence of protein p53, antigen Ki-67, E Cadherin and Beta Catenin Material and method: 88 T1 tumors with a median of free time of disease of 36 months. 58% of the serie has received prophylactic treatment with BCG 81 mg. weekly for six weeks. Cut-oof level for For P53 and Ki-67 is 10 % of stained cells. For E Cadherin and Beta Catenin we have established two groups: one with the values 0-4 (negative), and other one with the values 5-8 (positive). Results: Recurrence rate 31 %, stage progression 3 %. Ki-67 expression is correlated with grade (p .002) and lymphatic permeation (p .028). Multiplicity is correlated with lack( of Cadherin and Catenin´s expression. Only Ki-67 expression (p .049) and lack of Beta Catenin expression (p .039) reach statistical significance. In multivariant study only lack of Beta Catenin’s expression shows independent recurrence value (p .049; O.R: 2,4-6,9) Conclusions: The most useful prognmostic markers are Ki-67 and Catenina Beta Only Beta Catenin Beta shows independent value for tumour recurrence. Tumors wich lack expression for Catenin B or Cadherin E have lower recurrence free time

[Age's influence in superficial bladder cancer's behaviour]. / Influencia de la edad en el comportamiento de los carcinomas uroteliales superficiales.

INTRODUCTION: Transitional bladder cancer is infrequent in younger people. The tumor's aggressiveness in this population is subject of discussion. We present our experience. MATERIAL & METHOD: 551 primary tumors, with at least one year of follow-up. Group A (less than 41 years old), Group B (bigger than 40 years old). We compare, stage, grade, lymphatic permeation, multiplicity, recurrence, progression, sex, T.L.E. (time free of disease), volume. We do uni and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: 17 tumors in younger than 41 years (2.1%). The recurrence rate is 11.8% in Group A and 36% in Group B (p .041). Progression rate: 0% in A and 4.1% in B (p .253). In Group A, T1 tumors (13.3% vs. 39%), G2 tumors (0% vs. 36.7%); withouts in lymphatic permeation (0% vs. 35%) and solitary tumors (13.3% vs. 35.3%) have statistically less recurrence. In univariate analysis we appreciate statistical differences in relation with grade (p .002) and sex (p .011). In multivariate analysis, stage, "group of age" and prophylactic treatment are independent variables for recurrence, and grade for progression. CONCLUSIONS: In younger than 41 years old: Less pathologic aggressivity (0% G3); Group of age is independent prognostic variable for recurrence, but not p for progression, despite a "less aggressive behaviour": 11.8% recurrence, 0% progression; T.L.E. bigger (one year more); Higher incidence in women (41% vs. 11%); Less recurrence in T1 tumors (13.3% vs. 39%), G2 tumors (0% vs. 36.7%) and solitary tumors (13.3% vs. 35.32%).

Hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal. Peculiar debut del déficit de alfa-1-antitripsina / Neonatal hyperbilirrubinemia: a peculiar presentation of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

La deficiencia de alfa-1-antitripsina (AlTT) es una enfermedad hereditaria que predispone a afección hepática en la infancia y a enfisema pulmonar en la edad adulta. Constituye la causa genética más común en el niño y de enfisema en el adulto; también es la que motiva más trasplantes hepáticos en niños y adolescentes. En nuestro medio presenta una prevalencia de 1 / 1.600-4.000 y una incidencia de 1 / 200 nacidos vivos. La A1TT es una glucoproteína inhibidora de proteasas séricas, codificada en el cromosoma 14 y que se hereda de forma autosómica recesiva. El fenotipo normal es el MM, y las mutaciones más frecuentes son las que asocian S y Z. Las manifestaciones clinicas más frecuentes en neonatos son la hiperbilirrubinemia conjugada, la colestasis y la hepatomegalia. Presentamos el caso de un recién nacido del sexo masculino ingresado por prematuridad e hiperbilirrubinemia directa, lo que motiva diferentes supuestos etiopatogénicos. Realizadas las pruebas sistemáticas y el estudio hepático, se determinó descenso de AlTT, y se decidió efectuar un estudio genético, en el que presentó un genotipo SS para el alelo de AlTT. La madre era SS y el padre MS, y ambos eran asintomáticos. En controles posteriores, se confirmó descenso en la cifra de AlTT, asociado a elevaciones puntuales de ésta como reactante de fase aguda, en relación con diversos procesos agudos. El interés de este caso radica en que, compartiendo la alteración genética con familiares de primer grado y, al ser éstos aparentemente asintomáticos, nuestro paciente debutó en el periodo neonatal inmediato; este hecho es peculiar en la bibliografía médica (AU)

Time of origin of the rat pineal gland cells. A bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemical study.

The immunohistochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to study the time of origin of the cells in the pineal gland of the rat. A study was made involving 17 groups of 4 rats each, administered with a single dose of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 25 mg/kg) in 7 phases of the embryonic period (E15 to E21) and in 10 postnatal phases (between P0 and P30), followed by determination in each rat of the number of visible immune-labeled cells in the pineal gland 60 days after birth. The results show that approximately 60% of the pineal cells underwent the last division(s) prior to differentiation in the prenatal period between E18 and E21. The rest of the pineal cells originated after birth, particularly in the first 5 postnatal days.

[Value of the diuretic isotopic renogram in the follow-up of the upper urinary tract after cystectomy and urinary diversion using intestine]. / Valor del renograma isotópico diurético en el seguimiento de la vía urinaria superior tras cistectomía y derivación urinaria con intestino.

INTRODUCTION: In our experience we often observe urinary upper tract dilatation after urinari diversion with bowel. To spare useful approaches and therapeutics we have used diuretic renogram. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 26 patients with urinary diversion (Mainz II or Paduana ileal neobladder). We performance ultrasound, urography and diuretic renogram. RESULTS: Follow-up is between 1 y 4 years. After urinary diversion, 54% of the upper tracts are dilated but only 39.3% of them are obstructed in the diuretic renogram. Normal urographic tracts are normal or have good response in the diuretic renogram. Results goes on in the time. CONCLUSIONS: Diuretic renogram is a useful tool in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract obstruction after urinary diversion.

[Uretero-intestinal anastomosis. Our experience. The simpler... the better]. / Anastomosis ureterointestinales. Nuestra experiencia. Cuanto más simple ... mejor.

INTRODUCTION: There are many techniques describe for ureteroenteric anastomoses. We present our experience with three of them inorder to reduce the stenosis rate. METHOD AND MATERIAL: We have done radical cystectomy in 77 patients. Urinary diversion with small bowel in 20 patients (Paduana ileal neobladder) and dstubulized ureterosigmoidostomy (MainzII) in 55. Initially, we used Le Duc technique, afterward Ricard technique and actually bivalva technique (direct). RESULTS: We have performed Le Duc in 38%, Ricard in 31% and "bivalva" in 27%. Median follow-up are 37.7 months, 19.9 months and 10 months respectively. Stenosis: 16.7% with Le Duc; 20.5% with Ricard and 9.1% with bivalva technique. Renal anulation: 10.4% with Le Duc; 10.3% with Ricard and 0% with bivalva (p .000). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the less stenosant anastomose is BivalvaIn one. The simpliest technique, the best results. The rate of stenosis is higher when the upper urinary tract is dilatated pre-surgery, independently of the anastomosis technique.

Anastomosis ureterointestinales. Nuestra experiencia. Cuanto más simple...Mejor / Ureteroenteric anastomoses. Our experience. The simpliest, the best

INTRODUCCIÓN: Están descritas numerosas técnicas para el reimplante ureterointestinal. Presentamos nuestra evolución con tres de ellas con la intención de disminuir la incidencia de estenosis. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: 77 pacientes a los que hemos realizado cistectomía radical y derivación urinaria con intestino delgado en 20 pacientes (neovejiga tipo Paduana) o con sigma destubulizado en 57 (Mainz II). Inicialmente realizábamos anastomosis según técnica de Le Duc, posteriormente puño de camisa (Ricard) y actualmente anastomosis tipo bivalva. RESULTADOS: Hemos realizado anastomosis tipo Le Duc en el 38 por ciento y puño de camisa en el 31 por ciento, bivalva en el 27 por ciento de las vías urinarias. Seguimiento medio 37,7 meses, 19,5 meses, y 10 meses respectivamente. Estenosis: 16,7 por ciento con técnica Le Duc; 20,5 por ciento con técnica Ricard; 9,1 por ciento con técnica Bivalva. Anulación renales: 10,4 por ciento con técnica Le Duc; 10,3 por ciento con técnica Ricard; 0 por ciento con técnica Bivalva (p .000).CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra experiencia la anastomosis menos estenosante es la tipo bivalva. A mayor sencillez de técnica mejores resultados. La tasa de estenosis es siempre mayor cuando la vía está dilatada previa a la derivación, independientemente de la técnica utilizada (AU)

Valor del renograma isotópico diurético en el seguimiento de la vía urinariasuperior tras cistectomía y derivación urinaria con intestino / Diuretic isotopic renogram in the follow-up of the upper urinary tract after intestinal urinary diversion

INTRODUCCIÓN: En nuestra experiencia es frecuente la dilatación de la vía urinaria superior tras la derivación urinaria con intestino. Para ahorrar actitudes terapéuticas innecesarias y distinguir que vías están dilatadas funcionalmente y cuales secundarias a estenosis ureterointestinal hemos utilizado el renograma isotópico diurético. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: 26 pacientes a los que se les ha realizado derivación intestinal bien tipo Mainz II bien tipo Paduana. Realizamos ecografía abdominal, urografía intravenosa, renograma diurético y urografía intravenosa. RESULTADOS: El seguimiento oscila entre 1 y 4 años. El 54 por ciento de las vías tras derivación están dilatadas, de las cuales sólo el 39,3 por ciento muestran patrón obstructivo en el renograma diurético, confirmándose la estenosis en el manejo endourológico de la misma. Las vías urográficamente normales son normales o responden a diurético en el renograma. El 75 por ciento de las vías anuladas funcionalmente en el urograma están anuladas en el renograma. Los resultados se mantienen a lo largo del seguimiento de estos enfermos. CONCLUSIONES: El renograma diurético es útil para distinguir que vía dilatada está obstruida de cual no lo está. Los resultados se mantienen en el tiempo (AU)

[Results of the application of the protocol for the early detection of hearing loss in high-risk neonates]. / Resultados de la aplicación del protocolo de detección precoz de la hipoacusia en neonatos de alto riesgo.

In coordination with the Paediatrics Department, we drew up a protocol for the "Early Detection of Hearing Loss in High-Risk Neonates" based fundamentally on the sequential application of impedanciometry and the Auditory Brain Stem Response (ABR). These are the results obtained from October 1994 to March 2001. Of the 240 children examined, we found 36 cases (15%) of severe-to-profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (> 60 dBs HL). 55% was associated with risk factors. However, we diagnosed only 2 of these cases of hearing loss (5.5%) using the protocol (sent by the neonatology department due to the fact that they showed hearing loss risk factors), since the rest (94.5%) came as a result of suspected hearing loss, which resulted in an average age for diagnosis of 3 years. Although the procedure used is highly sensitive and is diagnostically specific, in the light of these results, we consider it necessary to extend hearing screening to all newborn infants in order to evaluate its effectiveness in the early detection of infant deafness.

[Results of one year's application of a universal protocol for the early detection of hearing loss in neonates]. / Resultados de aplicar durante 1 año un protocolo universal de detección precoz de la hipoacusia en neonatos.

These are the results of the first year of the application of a universal programme for the early detection of neonatal deafness. Our objective is making a diagnosis of all the unilateral or bilateral cases of hearing loss above 35 dB HL, before the age of 6 months. The detection strategy has 2 screening phases with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and one diagnostic phase with auditory brain stem response (ABR). The ABR were carried out both on those patients that failed the TEOAE screening and on the neonates with hearing loss risk factors. Of the 1,277 living newborn babies (NB), we evaluated 94%. 3.3% of the NB showed hearing loss risk factors. 90% of the NB passed the first TEOAE in both ears and, after the second TEOAE, only 2.5% of the NB reached the diagnostic phase. We provided early detection and treatment of 0.58% of cases of bilateral severe-deep hearing loss. Finally, the results obtained are examined together with the importance of planning universal hearing screening.

[Lymphatic invasion of the bladder wall in T1 superficial bladder carcinoma. Prognostic value]. / Permeación linfática de la pared vesical en el carcinoma superficial de vejiga t1. Valor pronóstico.

INTRODUCTION: It is not usual to use as prognostic factor the bladder lymphatic vessels invasion. METHOD & MATERIAL: 519 T1 bladder tumors with complete resection and follow up of one year at least. Prophylaxis with 81 mg of BCG weekly during six weeks in 54%. RESULTS: Follow up without recurrence of 38 months. 49%. Tumour recurrence of 49% and progression of 7%. 5.8% of the tumours are L1 and 70.7% L0. There are significative statistic relation between lympatic invasion and progression (p. 005), tumoral grade (p. 000) and actual situation (p. 02). 23% of the L1 tumours progressed vs 5% of L0. Prophylaxis with BCG reduces progression risk (33% without treatment vs 16 with BCG (p n.s.)). In multivariate analysis, resected volume (p. 024) and prophylactic treatment are independent variables for recurrence and lymphatic vessels invasion (p. 0478) and tumoral grade (p. 092) for progression. CONCLUSIONS: 1) L1 tumours has more probabilities of progression. 2) BCG disminishes progression rate but this is not statistical significative. 3) We need new markers to select which L1 tumours will progress.