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1.
Arch Esp Urol ; 73(4): 257-267, 2020 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32379060

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Urosepsis is an underdiagnosed entity with high morbidity and mortality and significant associated costs. The delay in diagnosis leads to an increased risk of multiorgan failure and death. Although its prognosis is better than that of other sepsis, the mortality rate is 20 - 40%. OBJECTIVE: Describe the obstructive uropathy cases (OU) that are complicated by severe sepsis (SS) and identify early biomarkers of SS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational and prospective study of 65 patients with urgent high OU. All patients were evaluated at three different times (0, 24 and 48 hours). An SS predictor model has been constructed and a multivariate risk analysis has been carried out. RESULTS: 64.61% (n=42) developed SS (NSS: n=13). The only statistically significant variables in the 3 moments evaluated and that obtained a good area under the curve [AUROC (>0.70)] were the elevation of neutrophils, procalcitonin, and decrease of bicarbonate. At the time of patient admission, the variable that best predicted SS was the elevation of procalcitonin (AUROC:0.919). SS risk factors (p<0.005) were the history of cancer immunosuppression, and/or urinary tract surgeries, complete UO and high blood values of lactate, potassium and decrease of bicarbonate. The potassium-lactate combination on admission predicted SS with a probability function of 0.805. CONCLUSIONS: There is an analytical profile maintained over the time characteristic of SS that allows anearly identification of patients with OU subsidiary of been complicated with SS.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La Sepsis urinaria obstructiva (SUO) es una entidad infradiagnosticada con una elevada morbimortalidad e importantes costes asociados. El retraso en su diagnóstico condiciona un mayor riesgo de fracaso multiorgánico y fallecimiento. Aunque su pronóstico es mejor que el de otros focos de sepsis, su mortalidad es del 20 - 40%. OBJETIVO: Describir los cuadros de uropatía obstructiva (UO) que se complican con sepsis grave (SG) e identificarlos biomarcadores diagnósticos de SG en la UOde forma precoz.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional y prospectivo de 72 pacientes con UO alta ingresados de manera urgente en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid. Todos los pacientes del estudio fueron evaluados en tres momentos diferentes (0, 24 y 48 horas). Se ha creado un modelo predictor de SG y se ha realizado un análisis multivariante de riesgo. RESULTADOS: El 64,61% de los pacientes (n=42) desarrolló SG (NSG: n=13). Las únicas variables estadísticamente significativas en los tres momentos evaluados y que obtenían una buena área bajo la curva [AUROC (>0,70)] fueron la elevación de neutrófilos y procalcitonina y la disminución de bicarbonato. En el momento del ingreso la variable que mejor predecía SG fue la elevación de procalcitonina (AUROC: 0,919). Los factores de riesgo de SG (p<0,05) fueron los antecedentes de cáncer, la inmunosupresión y/o cirugías de vías urinarias, la UO completa y los valores elevados en sangre de lactato y potasio y la disminución del bicarbonato en la gasometría venosa. La combinación potasio-lactato al ingreso predecía SG con una función de probabilidad de 0,805. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un perfil analítico, mantenido en el tiempo, característico de SG que permite la identificación precoz de los pacientes con UO subsidiarios de complicarse con SG.


Subject(s)
Sepsis , Shock, Septic , Urinary Tract Infections , Biomarkers , Humans , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve
2.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(4): 257-267, mayo 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-192985

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Sepsis urinaria obstructiva (SUO) es una entidad infradiagnosticada con una elevada morbimortalidad e importantes costes asociados. El retraso en su diagnóstico condiciona un mayor riesgo de fracaso multiorgánico y fallecimiento. Aunque su pronóstico es mejor que el de otros focos de sepsis, su mortalidad es del 20 - 40%. OBJETIVO: Describir los cuadros de uropatía obstructiva (UO) que se complican con sepsis grave (SG) e identificarlos biomarcadores diagnósticos de SG en la UOde forma precoz. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional y prospectivo de 72 pacientes con UO alta ingresados de manera urgente en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid. Todos los pacientes del estudio fueron evaluados en tres momentos diferentes (0, 24 y 48 horas). Se ha creado un modelo predictor de SG y se ha realizado un análisis multivariante de riesgo. RESULTADOS: El 64,61% de los pacientes (n=42) desarrolló SG (NSG: n=13). Las únicas variables estadísticamente significativas en los tres momentos evaluados y que obtenían una buena área bajo la curva [AUROC (>0,70)] fueron la elevación de neutrófilos y procalcitonina y la disminución de bicarbonato. En el momento del ingreso la variable que mejor predecía SG fue la elevación de procalcitonina (AUROC: 0,919). Los factores de riesgo de SG (p < 0,05) fueron los antecedentes de cáncer, la inmunosupresión y/o cirugías de vías urinarias, la UO completa y los valores elevados en sangre de lactato y potasio y la disminución del bicarbonato en la gasometría venosa. La combinación potasio-lactato al ingreso predecía SG con una función de probabilidad de 0,805. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un perfil analítico, mantenido en el tiempo, característico de SG que permite la identificación precoz de los pacientes con UO subsidiarios de complicarse con SG


INTRODUCTION: Urosepsis is an underdiagnosed entity with high morbidity and mortality and significant associated costs. The delay in diagnosis leads to an increased risk of multiorgan failure and death. Although its prognosis is better than that of other sepsis, the mortality rate is 20 - 40%. OBJECTIVE: Describe the obstructive uropathy cases (OU) that are complicated by severe sepsis (SS) and identify early biomarkers of SS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational and prospective study of 65 patients with urgent high OU. All patients were evaluated at three different times (0, 24 and 48 hours). An SS predictor model has been constructed and a multivariate risk analysis has been carried out. RESULTS: 64.61% (n=42) developed SS (NSS: n=13). The only statistically significant variables in the 3 moments evaluated and that obtained a good area under the curve [AUROC (>0.70)] were the elevation of neutrophils, procalcitonin, and decrease of bicarbonate. At the time of patient admission, the variable that best predicted SS was the elevation of procalcitonin (AUROC: 0.919). SS risk factors (p < 0.05) were the history of cancer, immunosuppression, and/or urinary tract surgeries, complete UO and high blood values of lactate, potassium and decrease of bicarbonate. The potassium-lactate combination on admission predicted SS with a probability function of 0.805. CONCLUSIONS: There is an analytical profile maintained over the time characteristic of SS that allows an early identification of patients with OU subsidiary of been complicated with SS


Subject(s)
Humans , Sepsis/complications , Ureteral Obstruction , Biomarkers , Early Diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Blood Gas Analysis , Risk Factors , Logistic Models , Urinary Diversion , Immunosuppression Therapy
3.
Arch Esp Urol ; 68(7): 602-8, 2015 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26331396

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Small cell carcinoma of the bladder shows low incidence and poor survival; thus, treatment algorithms based on randomized studies are unavailable. The aim of the present study is to review our case series. METHODS: Observational retrospective study of 10 patients diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the bladder between 2006 and 2013. RESULTS: Mean age was 65.7 years; There was only one female in the cohort. In all cases hematuria was the fist symptom. 4 cases presented high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma with small cell carcinoma. Radical cystectomy was performed in 40% patients, in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both. Median survival was 330 days (IC 95%: 40.757- 619.243) and only one patient showed complete response. CONCLUSIONS: Even when small cell carcinoma of the bladder is a low incidence tumor, its prognosis is worse than that of urothelial carcinoma. Although further randomized studies are needed to best define treatment, this study shows that survival at local stages is optimized by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by radical resection, as the literature suggests.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Small Cell , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Aged , Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Small Cell/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy
4.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(7): 602-608, sept. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-144572

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: El carcinoma vesical de células pequeñas presenta una baja incidencia y escasa supervivencia, por lo que no existen esquemas terapéuticos basados en estudios randomizados. Nos planteamos como objetivo revisar nuestra casuística. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 10 pacientes diagnosticados de carcinoma de células pequeñas entre 2006 y 2013. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 65,7 años y sólo se presentó en una mujer de los 10 pacientes. Se relacionó en su totalidad con antecedentes de tabaquismo, siendo la forma de presentación la hematuria. 4 casos presentaban carcinoma urotelial de alto grado junto con el componente microcítico. Se realizó cistectomía radical en el 40% de los pacientes, recibiendo además tratamiento con quimioterapia, radioterapia o ambos. La mediana del tiempo de supervivencia fue de 330 días (IC 95%: 40,757 - 619,243). Sólo en un caso obtuvimos respuesta completa. CONCLUSIONES: El carcinoma de células pequeñas de vejiga es un tumor con baja incidencia pero de peor pronóstico que los tumores uroteliales. Aunque se necesiten más estudios randomizados para definir el mejor tratamiento, y nuestra casuística sea limitada, se ha publicado que los mejores resultados en cuanto a supervivencia en los estadios localizados se consiguen con quimioterapia neoayuvante seguida de cirugía radical


OBJECTIVES: Small cell carcinoma of the bladder shows low incidence and poor survival; thus, treatment algorithms based on randomized studies are unavailable. The aim of the present study is to review our case series. METHODS: Observational retrospective study of 10 patients diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the bladder between 2006 and 2013. RESULTS: Mean age was 65.7 years; There was only one female in the cohort. In all cases hematuria was the fist symptom. 4 cases presented high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma with small cell carcinoma. Radical cystectomy was performed in 40% patients, in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both. Median survival was 330 days (IC 95%: 40.757- 619.243) and only one patient showed complete response. CONCLUSIONS: Even when small cell carcinoma of the bladder is a low incidence tumor, its prognosis is worse than that of urothelial carcinoma. Although further randomized studies are needed to best define treatment, this study shows that survival at local stages is optimized by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by radical resection, as the literature suggests


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology , Urinary Bladder/cytology , Urinary Bladder/injuries , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Cystectomy/methods , Cystectomy , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Observational Study , Carcinoma, Small Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism , Urinary Bladder/abnormalities , Urinary Bladder/metabolism , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy , Cystectomy/instrumentation , Cystectomy/standards , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism , Retrospective Studies
5.
Arch Esp Urol ; 67(4): 323-30, 2014 May.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24892393

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) before pregnancy, in the third trimester and postpartum. To analyze its influence on quality of life and associated potential risk factors and the efficacy of pelvic floor exercises. METHODS: Prospective study in 413 pregnant women. The modified ICIQ-SF incontinence questionnaire was given to the pregnant women at the end of the third quarter. This questionnaire was administered by telephone at 3 and 6 months postpartum. The influence of several risk factors for UI in pregnancy and postpartum were analyzed. Patients with persistent UI at 6 months postpartum were trained to do pelvic floor exercises. RESULTS: Patients with UI before pregnancy were excluded from the study. UI in the third trimester was 31%. Analyzed risk factors did not condition a higher percentage of UI. Prevalence of UI was 11.3% at 3 months postpartum and 6.9% at 6 months. 70% of the incontinent patients already had it during pregnancy and it appeared de novo post-delivery in 30% of the patients. Prevalence of UI after delivery was higher in women with UI in pregnancy and lower in caesarean cases. Most women improved with pelvic floor exercises. CONCLUSIONS: Analysed risk factors did not significantly increase UI in pregnancy. Prevalence of UI after delivery is higher in women with UI in pregnancy and lower in caesarean cases. Postpartum pelvic floor exercises for three months in patients with persistent stress UI at 6 months postpartum clearly improved the degree of continence.


Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy/methods , Pelvic Floor , Urinary Incontinence/etiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Urinary Incontinence/epidemiology
6.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 67(4): 323-330, mayo 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-122089

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de incontinencia urinaria (IU) previa a la gestación, en el tercer trimestre y en el postparto. Analizar su influencia en la calidad de vida, los posibles factores de riesgo y la eficacia de los ejercicios del suelo pélvico. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo a 413 gestantes. Se entregó el cuestionario de incontinencia ICIQ-SF modificado a las gestantes al final del tercer trimestre y a los 3 y 6 meses postparto. Se analizó la influencia de varios factores de riesgo de IU en el embarazo y en el postparto. Las pacientes con persistencia de IU a los 6 meses del parto fueron instruidas para realizar ejercicios de suelo pélvico. RESULTADOS: Las pacientes con IU previa a la gestación fueron excluidas. La prevalencia de incontinencia en el tercer trimestre en gestantes fue del 31%. Ningún factor de riesgo condicionó un mayor porcentaje de IU. La prevalencia de IU fue de 11.3 % a los tres meses del parto y del 6.9% a los 6 meses. De las pacientes incontinentes un 70% ya la sufría en el embarazo y en el 30% apareció de novo tras el parto. El porcentaje de IU postparto fue más elevado en mujeres con IU en la gestación y más bajo en aquellas con cesárea. La mayoría de las mujeres mejoraron con ejercicios de suelo pélvico. CONCLUSIONES: Ningún factor de riesgo aumenta el riesgo de IU en gestantes de forma significativa. La prevalencia de IU tras el parto es mayor en aquellas mujeres con IU en el embarazo y más baja en aquellas con cesárea. La mayoría de las puerperas mejoraron con ejercicios de suelo pélvico


OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) before pregnancy, in the third trimester and postpartum. To analyze its influence on quality of life and associated potential risk factors and the efficacy of pelvic floor exercises. METHODS: Prospective study in 413 pregnant women. The modified ICIQ-SF incontinence questionnaire was given to the pregnant women at the end of the third quarter. This questionnaire was administered by telephone at 3 and 6 months postpartum. The influence of several risk factors for UI in pregnancy and postpartum were analyzed. Patients with persistent UI at 6 months postpartum were trained to do pelvic floor exercises. RESULTS: Patients with UI before pregnancy were excluded from the study. UI in the third trimester was 31%. Analyzed risk factors did not condition a higher percentage of UI. Prevalence of UI was 11.3% at 3 months postpartum and 6.9% at 6 months. 70% of the incontinent patients already had it during pregnancy and it appeared de novo post-delivery in 30% of the patients. Prevalence of UI after delivery was higher in women with UI in pregnancy and lower in caesarean cases. Most women improved with pelvic floor exercises. CONCLUSIONS: Analysed risk factors did not significantly increase UI in pregnancy. Prevalence of UI after delivery is higher in women with UI in pregnancy and lower in caesarean cases. Postpartum pelvic floor exercises for three months in patients with persistent stress UI at 6 months postpartum clearly improved the degree of continence


Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Incontinence/epidemiology , Pelvic Floor Disorders/rehabilitation , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Obstetric Labor Complications/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Quality of Life , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data
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