ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disorder with a significantly high prevalence. Affective disorders, including depressive disorder (DD), often coexist with this eating disorder (ED). In this review we will focus on its prevalence, associated vulnerability factors, clinical manifestations, possible etiological factors and its prognosis. METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed database selecting those articles that approached the subject of comorbidity between AN and DD. The search was limited to articles published from January 1990 to December 2021. RESULTS: Of the 1891 abstracts reviewed, 33 studies met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of this comorbidity was extremely variable between studies, which exposed their heterogeneity. As to symptomatology this comorbidity presents itself with more severity, greater expression of psychological traits and greater cognitive impairment. Certain personality traits are postulated as vulnerability factors. Genetic factors such as neurochemicals seem to be involved in its pathogenesis. CONCLUSION: The comorbidity between DD and ED have important influence in its symptomatic expression, severity and prognosis. Some of the analyzed studies provide consistent data, but there are others that are contradictory. It would be necessary to increase the number of studies and use a unified methodology.
ABSTRACT
El síndrome de Prader-Willi (SPW) es un conocido trastorno del neurodesarrollo de origen genético secundario a la falta de expresión de los genes de la región 15q11-q13 del alelo de procedencia paterna, con una prevalencia estimada de 1:25000 nacimientos. Se caracteriza por la presencia de dismorfia, talla baja, hipogonadismo, sobrepeso, y un fenotipo conductual consistente en problemas de aprendizaje, retraso mental variable, rituales, estereotipias y comportamientos compulsivos, dermatilomanía, rabietas frecuentes, irritabilidad, e hiperfagia. El SPW también se asocia con un mayor riesgo de problemas psiquiátricos, entre los que destacan por su gravedad las psicosis y los trastornos afectivos. Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón de 12 años afecto de SPW en el que aparece de forma brusca un cuadro psicótico atípico de carácter recurrente, discutiéndose tanto su filiación diagnóstica como la intervención terapéutica a la luz de la literatura científica publicada
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a known neurodevelopmental genetic disorder secondary to lack of expression of the genes of the 15q11-q13 region allele of paternal origin, with an estimated prevalence of 1:25000 births. It is characterized by the presence of dysmorphia, short stature, hypogonadism, overweight, and a behavioral phenotype with learning disabilities, mental retardation, rituals, stereotypies and compulsive behaviors, skin-picking, frequent tantrums, irritability, and hyperphagia. The SPW is also associated with an increased risk of psychiatric symptoms, most notably by its severity psychoses and affective disorders. It is presented the case of a 12-years-old male diagnosed with SPW in which suddenly appears an atypical psychotic episode, discussing both its diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in the light of the published scientific literatur
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Prader-Willi Syndrome/complications , Prader-Willi Syndrome/drug therapy , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Lithium Carbonate/administration & dosage , Aripiprazole/administration & dosage , Topiramate/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 17 años en seguimiento en nuestra Unidad de Salud Mental Infanto-Juvenil por un cuadro de características compatibles inicialmente tanto con un trastorno atencional como de la comunicación social. Se comenta tanto el proceso de diagnóstico diferencial como su posterior tratamiento y evolución. Posteriormente, se discuten las posibilidades diagnósticas y, sobre todo, la entidad actualmente conocida como Tempo Cognitivo Lento o Trastorno por Déficit de Concentración, realizando una breve revisión y repaso de sus características más destacadas en la literatura existente
It is reported the case of a 17-year-old patient with a symptomatology compatible with both an attentional disorder as a social relationship disorder treated in our Child & Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Unit. It is described the differential diagnosis and the treatment and evolution of the patient. Before this, we discuss the diagnostic options, and especially the disorder named as Concentration Deficit Disorder or Sluggish Cognitive Tempo. Its more relevant characteristics are review as they are described in the recent medical literature
