Masking ability of opaque thickness on layered metal-ceramic.

This study evaluated the masking ability of two opaques applied in different thicknesses. Eighty NiCr metal discs 16 mm in diameter and 1.0 mm thick were prepared. The disks were divided into 8 groups (n = 10). Ceramic opaque in paste (groups 1 to 4) or powder (groups 5 to 8) presentations were applied. They were machined with aluminum oxide burs to the following thicknesses: G1 and G5 = 0.10 mm; G2 and G6 = 0.15 mm; G3 and G7 = 0.20 mm and G4 and G8 = 0.30 mm. Dentin ceramic 0.7 mm thick was applied over these discs, sintered and glazed according manufacturer's instructions. Color was assessed with a Minolta CR10 spectrocolorimeter on the CIELab scale. Powder opaque had higher values on (L) and (ΔE) variables, and lower values on (a) and (b) variables compared to paste opaque. For opaque thickness, 0.10 mm had higher ΔE than all other thicknesses. L values were higher for 0.20 mm and 0.30 mm. Lowest and highest a* values were observed for 0.10 mm and 0.30 mm, respectively. No difference was observed for b* values. There were differences between paste and powder opaque types; 0.10 mm thickness behaves differently from the other thicknesses, with higher ΔE, while 0.15 mm does not differ statistically from thicker layers.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de mascara mento de duas cerâmicas opacas para metalocerâmicas aplicadas em espessuras diferentes. Foram confeccionados 80 discos metálicos de NiCr (High Bond) com 16 mm de diâmetro e 1,0 mm de espessura. Os discos foram divididos em 8 grupos (n=10) e aplicadas as cerâmicas opacas (Noritake) em pasta (grupos de 1 a 4) e em pó (grupos de 5 a 8). Estas foram usinadas com pontas de óxido de alumínio até atingir as seguintes espessuras: G1 e G5 = 0,10 mm; G2 e G6 = 0,15 mm; G3 e G7 = 0,20 mm e G4 e G8 = 0,30mm de espessura. A cerâmica de dentina opaca foi aplicada (0,7 mm) e realizado o glazeamento. A cor foi avaliada com Espectrocolorímetro (Minolta CR10) e foi aplicada análise de variância com para p<5%. Resultados: O opaco em pó apresentou valores maiores estaticamente significantes nas variáveis (L*) e (ΔE), ocorrendo o inverso nas outras duas variáveis. Quanto à espessura de opaco, os valores podem ser agrupados da seguinte forma, segundo os testes complementares aplicados: variável (L*): (0,10 = 0,15) < (0,20 = 0,30); variável (a*): (0,10) < (0,15 = 0,20) < (0,30); variável (b*): não houveram diferenças estatisticamente significantes; variável (ΔE): (0,10) < (0,15 = 0,20 = 0,30). Concluise que houve diferença entre os tipos de opaco em pasta e em pó e que todas as espessuras testadas, exceto a de 0,10 mm, podem ser usadas sem alteração significativa da cor.

Masking ability of opaque thickness on layered metal-ceramics

This study evaluated the masking ability of two opaques applied in different thicknesses. Eighty NiCr metal discs 16 mm in diameter and 1.0 mm thick were prepared. The disks were divided into 8 groups (n = 10). Ceramic opaque in paste (groups 1 to 4) or powder (groups 5 to 8) presentations were applied. They were machined with aluminum oxide burs to the following thicknesses: G1 and G5 = 0.10 mm; G2 and G6 = 0.15 mm; G3 and G7 = 0.20 mm and G4 and G8 = 0.30 mm. Dentin ceramic 0.7 mm thick was applied over these discs, sintered and glazed according manufacturer’s instructions. Color was assessed with a Minolta CR10 spectrocolorimeter on the CIELab scale. Powder opaque had higher values on (L) and (ΔE) variables, and lower values on (a) and (b) variables compared to paste opaque. For opaque thickness, 0.10 mm had higher ΔE than all other thicknesses. L values were higher for 0.20 mm and 0.30 mm. Lowest and highest a* values were observed for 0.10 mm and 0.30 mm, respectively. No difference was observed for b* values. There were differences between paste and powder opaque types; 0.10 mm thickness behaves differently from the other thicknesses, with higher ΔE, while 0.15 mm does not differ statistically from thicker layers.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de mascara mento de duas cerâmicas opacas para metalocerâmicas aplicadas em espessuras diferentes. Foram confeccionados 80 discos metálicos de NiCr (High Bond) com 16 mm de diâmetro e 1,0 mm de espessura. Os discos foram divididos em 8 grupos (n=10) e aplicadas as cerâmicas opacas (Noritake) em pasta (grupos de 1 a 4) e em pó (grupos de 5 a 8). Estas foram usinadas com pontas de óxido de alumínio até atingir as seguintes espessuras: G1 e G5 = 0,10 mm; G2 e G6 = 0,15 mm; G3 e G7 = 0,20 mm e G4 e G8 = 0,30mm de espessura. A cerâmica de dentina opaca foi aplicada (0,7 mm) e realizado o glazeamento. A cor foi avaliada com Espectrocolorímetro (Minolta CR10) e foi aplicada análise de variância com para p<5%. Resultados: O opaco em pó apresentou valores maiores estaticamente significantes nas variáveis (L*) e (ΔE), ocorrendo o inverso nas outras duas variáveis. Quanto à espessura de opaco, os valores podem ser agrupados da seguinte forma, segundo os testes complementares aplicados: variável (L*): (0,10 = 0,15) < (0,20 = 0,30); variável (a*): (0,10) < (0,15 = 0,20) < (0,30); variável (b*): não houveram diferenças estatisticamente significantes; variável (ΔE): (0,10)< (0,15 = 0,20 = 0,30). Conclui-se que houve diferença entre os tipos de opaco em pasta e em pó e que todas as espessuras testadas, exceto a de 0,10 mm, podem ser usadas sem alteração significativa da cor.

Color change in acrylic resin processed in three ways after immersion in water, cola, coffee, mate and wine.

Denture bases may undergo color change over time induced by pigment accumulation within their body; however there is a lack of information regarding the role of yerba mate tea in this process. This work evaluated the effect of five common beverages, including yerba mate tea, on color changes of acrylic denture base resins processed in three different ways. Three different processing techniques were used (P1--microwave irradiation/microwave activated resin; P2--heat polymerization/conventional heat activated resin and P3--microwave irradiation/conventional heat polymerized resin) to make twenty five resin discs each (3.0 mm thick x 20 mm diameter), totaling seventy-five resin discs. The discs made with each technique were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5) and placed in the following solutions: G1-water; G2-cola; G3-coffee; G4-yerba mate tea; G5-red wine, for 30 days at 37 degrees C. The solutions were renewed every 3 days. Color change on the CIE-L*a*b* scale was measured with a Konica-Minolta CR-10 colorimeter and compared with original L* a* and b* values of each specimen prior to immersion. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA, and showed no difference among techniques and significant statistical differences among solutions (p < 0.05). Tukey's post-hoc test showed that the lowest color changes were for water and cola, which were undistinguishable from each other; coffee produced the second lowest color change; yerba mate tea produced second greatest color change, while the greatest color change was produced by red wine. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that almost all the solutions used can change color in acrylic resin, especially yerba mate tea, considered distinguishable by professionals, and red wine, considered distinguishable by patients and clinically unacceptable.

As bases protéticas em resina acrílica podem sofrer alteração de cor com o tempo em função do acúmulo de pigmentos em seu interior, porém há carência de informação sobre o efeito do consumo de chimarrão neste processo. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito de cinco bebidas diferentes, incluindo chimarrão, na cor de resinas acrílicas processadas por três técnicas diferentes. Vinte e cinco discos de resina acrílica (3 mm de espessura x 20 mm de diâmetro) foram fabricados a partir de cada uma das técnicas de processamento (P1 ­ polimerização por microondas / resina termopolimerizável por microondas; P2 ­ termopolimerização convencional / resina termopolimerizável convencional e P3 ­ polimerização por microon - das / resina termopolimerizável convencional). Os discos foram aleatoriamente divididos em cinco (n=5) grupos por técnica: G1 ­ água; G2 ­ refrigerante à base de cola; G3 ­ café; G4 ­ chimarrão e G5 ­ vinho tinto, e foram mantidos imersos em cada uma das respectivas soluções por 30 dias a 37 ºC, com trocas das soluções a cada 3 dias. A cor final foi medida na escala CIE-L*a*b* com um colorímetro Konica-Minolta CR-10 e comparada com os valores originais de L*a*b* prévios à imersão de cada corpo-de-prova. Análise de Variância para dois fatores não encontrou diferenças entre as técnicas e apontou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre as soluções. Teste complementar de Tukey mostrou que as menores variações de cor ocorreram para água e refrigerante à base de cola; o café apresentou a segunda menor variação de cor; o chimarrão apresentou a segunda maior variação enquanto a maior variação de cor foi encontrada para o vinho tinto. Conclusões: Concluiu-se que quase toda solução utilizada provoca mudança de cor nas resinas acrílicas, principalmente com chimarrão e vinho, consideradas distinguíveis por profissionais e clinicamente inaceitáveis respectivamente.

Nanoparticle loading level and properties of experimental hybrid resin luting agents.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the influence of nanoparticle loading level on properties of experimental hybrid resin luting agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Silanated 2-µm barium borosilicate glass microparticles and 7-nm silica nanoparticles were used. Five materials were obtained by loading a photocurable Bis-GMA/TEGDMA co-monomer with a total mass fraction of 60% inorganic fillers. The mass fraction of nanoparticles was set at 0% (control), 1% (G1), 2.5% (G2.5), 5% (G5), or 10% (G10). The properties evaluated were flexural strength (σ) and modulus (E(f) ), Knoop hardness number (KHN), and film thickness (FT). Dispersion/interaction of the particles with the resin phase was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were submitted to statistical analysis (5%). RESULTS: For σ, G1 > G2.5 = G5 = G10, and control > G10. For E(f) , G2.5 > control = G1 > G5 > G10. For KHN, G5 = G10 > control = G1 = G2.5. For FT, G10 = G5 > control = G1, and G10 > G2.5. Incorporation of nanoparticles was associated with observation of clusters in the SEM analysis. The clusters were more frequent for higher nanoparticle loadings. CONCLUSION: Modest incorporation of nanoparticles may improve the properties of resin luting materials. Nanofiller mass fractions above 2.5% should, however, be avoided because they may be detrimental to the properties of the resin luting agents.

Fracture resistance of thermal cycled and endodontically treated premolars with adhesive restorations.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Cavity preparations have routinely been associated with decreased fracture strength of restored teeth. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of endodontic treatment and thermal cycling on the fracture resistance of teeth restored with ceramic or composite resin inlay restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred sound, maxillary premolars were selected. Twenty intact teeth served as a control group. Eighty teeth were prepared with MOD cavity preparations; half of them were also endodontically treated. Inlay restorations were prepared with composite resin (Filtek Z250) or feldspathic ceramic (Vitadur Alpha). Half of the specimens for each group were submitted to thermal cycling (500 cycles, between 5 and 55 degrees C, dwell time of 30 seconds). The specimens were subjected to compressive axial loading using a steel ball. Data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: Except for those teeth restored with ceramic without endodontic treatment and thermal cycling, no other group achieved fracture strength similar to sound teeth. Ceramic and composite resin restorations provided similar resistance to fracture. There was a significant interaction between endodontic therapy and thermal cycling (P<.001). In the nonthermal cycled groups, endodontically treated teeth showed significantly lower fracture resistance (P<.001). All experimental groups had similar fracture strength when submitted to thermal cycling. CONCLUSIONS: Both restorative techniques provided similar fracture resistance. Endodontic treatment decreased the fracture resistance of nonthermal cycled specimens, while thermal cycling decreased the fracture resistance of nonendodontically treated specimens.