ABSTRACT
Environmental factors such as temperature and light are the most determinants in the photosynthetic productivity in microalgae. However, under extreme of these conditions, certain resistant microalgae strains possess additional abilities such as growth in the presence of high concentrations of metals and some can improve in combinations of more than one abiotic stress. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency in photosynthetic production through the oxygen balance to variations in photon intensity, and under temperature changes in a Cd-resistant strain (DcRCd100) compared to the wild-type strain (Dc1Mwt) of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides. The results showed that the DcRCd100 strain has the maximum efficiency at 200â¯â¯µmolâ¯m-2 s-1 on photosynthesis net (Pn) (96.32⯱â¯3.63% nmol O2 ml-1 min-1) as the threshold light saturation, and an adaptation to maintain this maximum photosynthetic gross (Pg) rate at 30⯰C (94.99⯱â¯10.03% nmol O2 ml-1 min-1) due to possible modifications in the photosynthetic apparatus that is reflected in the net evolution rate of O2 to deal with such evaluated conditions. While, Dc1Mwt strain its maximum photosynthetic efficiency was at 300⯵molâ¯m-2 s-1 and 21⯰C (97.72⯱â¯2.99 and 99.85⯱â¯0.30%nmol O2 ml-1 min-1, respectively) and in optimal response to the oxygen balance that is normally achieved by this mesophilic genus. These results provide a new prediction of mechanisms in the oxygen evolution in photosynthesis that rules the correlation between resistance and adaptation to extreme abiotic conditions in metal resistant strains of eukaryotic microalgae.
Subject(s)
Cadmium/toxicity , Chlorella/drug effects , Microalgae/drug effects , Photosynthesis/drug effects , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Adaptation, Physiological/physiology , Chlorella/growth & development , Microalgae/growth & development , Oxygen/metabolism , Respiratory RateABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Based on the excellent results of the clinical trials with ALK-inhibitors, the importance of accurately identifying ALK positive lung cancer has never been greater. However, there are increasing number of recent publications addressing discordances between FISH and IHC. The controversy is further fuelled by the different regulatory approvals. This situation prompted us to investigate two ALK IHC antibodies (using a novel ultrasensitive detection-amplification kit) and an automated ALK FISH scanning system (FDA-cleared) in a series of non-small cell lung cancer tumor samples. METHODS: Forty-seven ALK FISH-positive and 56 ALK FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened for ALK expression by two IHC antibodies (clone 5A4 from Novocastra and clone D5F3 from Ventana) and for ALK rearrangement by FISH (Vysis ALK FISH break-apart kit), which was automatically captured and scored by using Bioview's automated scanning system. RESULTS: All positive cases with the IHC antibodies were FISH-positive. There was only one IHC-negative case with both antibodies which showed a FISH-positive result. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the IHC in comparison with FISH were 98% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The specificity of these ultrasensitive IHC assays may obviate the need for FISH confirmation in positive IHC cases. However, the likelihood of false negative IHC results strengthens the case for FISH testing, at least in some situations.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry/methods , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics , Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase , Antibodies , Automation, Laboratory , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Gene Rearrangement , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Translocation, Genetic , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Alzheimer Disease , Socioeconomic Factors , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Caregivers , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
El Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia (SAAD) fue creado con el fin de proporcionar un marco de protección a las personas en situación de dependencia. La prioridad de las prestaciones en servicios frente a las económicas, según la Ley, y la gestión eficiente de los recursos públicos destinados al SAAD hacían prever retornos económicos, como la generación de empleo. Las variables que influyen en la implantación del SAAD son extremadamente complejas y dinámicas, existiendo múltiples relaciones entre las mismas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la problemática de satisfacer una demanda creciente de protección al mínimo coste y aprovechar los retornos económicos mediante la lógica borrosa (mapa cognitivo borroso). Esta técnica se configura como una herramienta para la toma de decisiones en este ámbito, porque permite analizar la evolución de las variables causales hasta un estado de equilibrio. Para ello, se han ideado 4 escenarios (E1:Envejecimiento, E2: Envejecimiento y prestaciones en servicios, E3: Envejecimiento y prestaciones económicas, E4: Envejecimiento y prestación económica para cuidados en el entorno familiar), con el fin de analizar la evolución de las variables, especialmente el gasto público y el empleo. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos destacan: el envejecimiento es determinante en el incremento del gasto en todos los escenarios, pero solamente en E1 y E2 se genera empleo. La prestación residencial no se altera, ni siquiera en E2. La teleasistencia aumenta en todos los escenarios y la prestación económica por asistente personal aumenta en E1 y E2(AU)
System for Autonomy and Care for Dependency (Spanish acronym SAAD) was created to provide a framework for the protection of dependent people. The priority established by law on benefits in kind over cash benefits, together with the efficient management of public resources provided economic returns for the SAAD, such as employment generation. The variables that influence the implementation of the SAAD are extremely complex and dynamic, and there are multiple relationships between them. The aim of this paper is to analyze the problem of satisfying a growing demand for protection, at minimum cost, and reaps the economic returns using fuzzy logic (fuzzy cognitive map). This technique is designed as a tool for decision-making in this area, to analyze the evolution of causal variables to a state of equilibrium. To do this, we have developed 4 scenarios (E1: Ageing, E2: Ageing and benefits in kind, E3: Ageing and cash benefits, E4: Ageing and cash benefit for care in the family), to analyze the evolution of variables, especially public expenditure and employment. Among the main results are: ageing is critical for the increased spending in all scenarios, but only in E1 and E2 is generated employment, residential care is not altered, even in E2; Telecare increases in all scenarios, and the cash benefit for personal attendant increases in E1 and E2(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aging/physiology , Social Support , Public Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Policy/trends , Social Control, Formal/classification , Social Control, Formal/methods , Financing, Government/economics , Financing, Government/methods , Public Sector/economics , /methods , /statistics & numerical data , Psychosocial Impact , Social Impact IndicatorsABSTRACT
System for Autonomy and Care for Dependency (Spanish acronym SAAD) was created to provide a framework for the protection of dependent people. The priority established by law on benefits in kind over cash benefits, together with the efficient management of public resources provided economic returns for the SAAD, such as employment generation. The variables that influence the implementation of the SAAD are extremely complex and dynamic, and there are multiple relationships between them. The aim of this paper is to analyze the problem of satisfying a growing demand for protection, at minimum cost, and reaps the economic returns using fuzzy logic (fuzzy cognitive map). This technique is designed as a tool for decision-making in this area, to analyze the evolution of causal variables to a state of equilibrium. To do this, we have developed 4 scenarios (E1: Ageing, E2: Ageing and benefits in kind, E3: Ageing and cash benefits, E4: Ageing and cash benefit for care in the family), to analyze the evolution of variables, especially public expenditure and employment. Among the main results are: ageing is critical for the increased spending in all scenarios, but only in E1 and E2 is generated employment, residential care is not altered, even in E2; Telecare increases in all scenarios, and the cash benefit for personal attendant increases in E1 and E2.
