ABSTRACT
Various lines of published evidence have already demonstrated the impact of TRPV1 agonists on energetic metabolism through the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). This study presents a trial investigating if stimulation of the two related sensory receptors TRPA1 and TRPM8 could also stimulate the SNS and impact the energetic metabolism of healthy subjects. The trial was designed to be double-blinded, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled with healthy subjects and the impact on the energetic metabolism and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin and a cooling flavor was measured during the 90 min after ingestion. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. An exploratory method to measure ANS activity was by facial thermography and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability using ECG was also used. Following cinnamaldehyde ingestion, energy expenditure was increased as compared to placebo. Furthermore, postprandial fat oxidation was maintained higher compared to placebo after cinnamaldehyde and capsaicin ingestion. Similar peripheral thermoregulation was observed after capsaicin and cinnamaldehyde ingestion. Unlike capsaicin, the dose of cinnamaldehyde was not judged to be sensorially 'too intense' by participants suggesting that Cinnamaldehyde would be a more tolerable solution to improve thermogenesis via spicy ingredients as compared to capsaicin.
Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects , Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Transient Receptor Potential Channels/agonists , Acrolein/analogs & derivatives , Acrolein/pharmacology , Adult , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Calcium Channels , Capsaicin/pharmacology , Cross-Over Studies , Flavoring Agents/pharmacology , Healthy Volunteers , Heart Rate/drug effects , Humans , Nerve Tissue Proteins/agonists , Oxidation-Reduction , Signal Transduction/drug effects , TRPA1 Cation Channel , TRPM Cation Channels/agonists , TRPV Cation Channels/agonists , Thermography , Young AdultABSTRACT
Cinnamon extract is associated to different health benefits but the active ingredients or pathways are unknown. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) imparts the characteristic flavor to cinnamon and is known to be the main agonist of transient receptor potential-ankyrin receptor 1 (TRPA1). Here, expression of TRPA1 in epithelial mouse stomach cells is described. After receiving a single-dose of CIN, mice significantly reduce cumulative food intake and gastric emptying rates. Co-localization of TRPA1 and ghrelin in enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum is observed both in vivo and in the MGN3-1 cell line, a ghrelin secreting cell model, where incubation with CIN up-regulates expression of TRPA1 and Insulin receptor genes. Ghrelin secreted in the culture medium was quantified following CIN stimulation and we observe that octanoyl and total ghrelin are significantly lower than in control conditions. Additionally, obese mice fed for five weeks with CIN-containing diet significantly reduce their cumulative body weight gain and improve glucose tolerance without detectable modification of insulin secretion. Finally, in adipose tissue up-regulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation was observed. Taken together, the results confirm anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity effects of CIN opening a new approach to investigate how certain spice derived compounds regulate endogenous ghrelin release for therapeutic intervention.
Subject(s)
Acrolein/analogs & derivatives , Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology , Eating/drug effects , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Ghrelin/metabolism , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Acrolein/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Line , Eating/genetics , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Gastric Emptying/genetics , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Ghrelin/genetics , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Mice, Obese , TRPA1 Cation Channel , Transient Receptor Potential Channels/biosynthesis , Transient Receptor Potential Channels/geneticsABSTRACT
Active ingredients of spices (AIS) modulate neural response in the peripheral nervous system, mainly through interaction with TRP channel/receptors. The present study explores how different AIS modulate neural response in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of S1 neocortex. The AIS tested are agonists of TRPV1/3, TRPM8 or TRPA1. Our results demonstrate that capsaicin, eugenol, menthol, icilin and cinnamaldehyde, but not AITC dampen the generation of APs in a voltage- and time-dependent manner. This effect was further tested for the TRPM8 ligands in the presence of a TRPM8 blocker (BCTC) and on TRPM8 KO mice. The observable effect was still present. Finally, the influence of the selected AIS was tested on in vitro gabazine-induced seizures. Results coincide with the above observations: except for cinnamaldehyde, the same AIS were able to reduce the number, duration of the AP bursts and increase the concentration of gabazine needed to elicit them. In conclusion, our data suggests that some of these AIS can modulate glutamatergic neurons in the brain through a TRP-independent pathway, regardless of whether the neurons are stimulated intracellularly or by hyperactive microcircuitry.
Subject(s)
Action Potentials/drug effects , Cerebral Cortex/metabolism , Epilepsy/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Spices , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Cerebral Cortex/drug effects , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Menthol/pharmacology , Mice , Neurons/drug effects , TRPM Cation Channels/metabolism , Transient Receptor Potential Channels/metabolismABSTRACT
Objetivo: describir el automanejo en personas con enfermedades crónicas (diabetes, hipertensión y cáncer). Métodos: el estudio se realizó en poblaciones que pertenec¡an a la jurisdicción de centros de salud del Ministerio de salud, se realizó una muestra por conveniencias con el siguiente criterio de inclusón: mayores de 18 años y más de tres meses de presentar la enfermedad. Se aplicó el instrumento: ®Automanejo en padecimientos crónicos. Partners in Health Scale¯ a un total de 382 personas. Resultados: el automanejo es deficiente, con una media general de 66, para diabetes, hipertensión y cáncer. Se encontró diferencias en el automanejo en la dimensión de adherencia as¡ como de manejo de signos y s¡ntomas. Las personas con diabetes presentaron mejor automanejo en el manejo de signos y s¡ntomas frente a las personas con hipertensión y cáncer, mientras que las personas con cáncer presentaron mejor automanejo en adherencia comparadas con las personas con hipertensión y diabetes. Se encontró diferencias en el automanejo según sexo. Conclusiones: el automanejo en personas con enfermedades crónicas es deficiente en todas sus dimensiones: conocimiento, adherencia, y manejo de signos y s¡ntomas. Se requiere realizar mayores investigaciones con perspectiva de género.
Objective: To discover the self-management in people with chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension and cancer). Methods: The research took place in population that belonged to the jurisdiction of health centers of the Ministry of Health, making a simple of conveniences with the following inclusion criteria: people over 18 years old, more than three months of having the disease. The instrument used was: ®self-management of chronic suffering. Partners in Health Scale¯. A total of 382 people. Results: The self-management is deficient, with a general average of 66, for diabetes, hypertension and cancer. Differences were found in the self-management of the adherence dimension and the management of signs and symptoms. People with diabetes had better self-management in comparison with the people with hypertension and cancer; and people with cancer had better self-management in comparison with people with hypertension and diabetes. Differences were found in the self-management according to gender. Conclusions. The self-management in people with chronic diseases is deficient, in all its dimensions: knowledge, adherence and management of signs and symptoms. More researches with gender perspective are needed.
Subject(s)
Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Self Care , Diabetes Mellitus , Chronic Disease , Hypertension , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
In acipenserids, crypt cells (CCs) have only been observed in juvenile specimens, and it has not been clarified whether they differentiate along with olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) during the lecithotrophic stage or during later development stages. Furthermore, no detailed optical microscopy (OM) or electron microscopy study on the development of CCs has been published to date. In the present study, we used OM and electron microscopy to follow the development of CCs in Acipenser naccarii from hatching to the establishment of exogenous feeding. Based on these observations, we can affirm that CCs are present from the first few posthatching (PH) days. CCs appear with their nucleus close to the basal lamina of the epithelium and enveloped by supporting cells. In addition, from the beginning of day 2 PH, we observed cells with highly similar characteristics to those of CCs (absence of knob, abundant mitochondria and filamentous material in apical cytoplasm, numerous microtubules, and envelopment by supporting cells) but with cilia still remaining on their noninvaginated apical surface. We conclude that these cells may correspond to immature CCs in which the crypt, the final feature of their morphological differentiation, has not yet formed.
Subject(s)
Fishes/anatomy & histology , Olfactory Mucosa/cytology , Olfactory Receptor Neurons/ultrastructure , Animals , Cell Differentiation , Cell Nucleus/physiology , Cilia/ultrastructure , Fishes/growth & development , Microscopy, Confocal , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Olfactory Mucosa/ultrastructure , Olfactory Receptor Neurons/cytologyABSTRACT
Ampullary organs of Acipenser naccarii sturgeons were examined by optical and electronic microscopy (transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) from hatching until 1 month later when the juvenile phase is completely established. It was observed that, when A. naccarii begins to feed actively, the ultrastructural characteristics of ampullary organs already correspond to those of adult animals. These organs may, therefore, be functional and, together with taste buds, facilitate food search after exhaustion of yolk sac food reserves. Mature ampullary organs of A. naccarii are formed by an ampulla that communicates with the exterior by means of a short channel. These ampullae correspond to the sensory portion of these receptors and are formed by two cell types: receptor cells and support cells. Receptor cells present a kinocilium on their free surface and establish ribbon synapses with axon nerve endings that arise from the underlying conjunctive tissue. Support cells enclose receptor cells, bear stereocilia and occasional cilia, and are of a secretory nature. The mucus associated with ampullary organs mainly comprises neutral mucopolysaccharides, whereas mucopolysaccharides are usually acid in other fish groups.
Subject(s)
Fishes/anatomy & histology , Sense Organs/ultrastructure , Sensory Receptor Cells/ultrastructure , Animals , Cilia/ultrastructure , Fishes/embryology , Fishes/growth & development , Glycosaminoglycans/analysis , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Mucus/chemistry , Organogenesis , Sense Organs/chemistry , Sense Organs/embryology , Sense Organs/growth & development , Sensory Receptor Cells/embryology , Sensory Receptor Cells/growth & developmentABSTRACT
En 5 años operamos 507 hernias inguinocrurales y 36 recidivadas; la hernia inguinal indirecta fue la más frecuente; encontramos 2 grupos de edades con mayor incidencia de hernias entre los 20 a 29 años y entre los 60 a 69 años, la técnica mayormente utilizada fue la de Mc Vay. De las 39 recidivas 12 fueron provenientes de otro hospital; el análisis de los factores de recidiva de los casos operados en el hospital, muestra que las recidivas son precoces en los primeros 2 años y tardías con más de 10 años de evolución. La intervención sobre la pared abdominal posterior a la hernioplastía es un factor de recidiva. Otra causa de recurrencia son las hernias operadas por cirujanos en entrenamiento. De los 507 pacientes operados y controlados recidivaron 11 casos dando una cifra real de 2,2 por ciento de recidiva
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Surgical Procedures, Operative/trends , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Hernia, Inguinal/diagnosis , Peru , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Recurrence , Hospital Statistics , Reoperation/methods , Reoperation/trendsABSTRACT
El presente trabajo de investigación se lo realizó con el objeto fundamental de conocer cuáles son los factores de Riesgo desencadenantes de Endometritis en las pacientes que demandaron atención en el servicio de Gíneo-obstetrica el Hospital "Enrique Garcés" desde enero de 1984 hasta abril de 1986. Para conseguir este objetivo elaboramos un instrumento de evaluación del comportamiento de Endometritis en las pacientes anteriormente mencionadas, se tomo como población de estudio a todas las pacientes que presentaron esta enfermedad; éste intrumento nos permitió recolectar el dato directamente de las historias clínicas, logramos de éste modo conocer la realidad de nuestra población estudiada. Esta realidad es el reflejo del sistema capitalista dependiente en que se desenvuelve nuestra población, esto da como resultado la existencia de grupos poblacionales desprotegidos, que no poseen los más elementales servicios además por su bajo ingreso económico no tienen fácil accesibilidad a los medios de consumo simple. En nuestro estudio encontramos que existe un ingreso económico relativamente bajo, la alimentación predominante es hidrocarbonada, su nivel instruccional es inferior...
