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1.
J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci ; 36(3): 295-304, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27376795

ABSTRACT

Over the past decades, cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals. The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide. Of note, incidence of cancers is on the rise more quickly in developed countries. Indeed, great endeavors have to be made in the control of the life-threatening disease. As we know it, pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant disease with the worst prognosis. While little is known about the etiology of the PC and measures to prevent the condition, so far, a number of risk factors have been identified. Genetic factors, pre-malignant lesions, predisposing diseases and exogenous factors have been found to be linked to PC. Genetic susceptibility was observed in 10% of PC cases, including inherited PC syndromes and familial PC. However, in the remaining 90%, their PC might be caused by genetic factors in combination with environmental factors. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of the two kinds of factors, endogenous and exogenous, working together to cause PC remains poorly understood. The fact that most pancreatic neoplasms are diagnosed at an incurable stage of the disease highlights the need to identify risk factors and to understand their contribution to carcinogenesis. This article reviews the high risk factors contributing to the development of PC, to provide information for clinicians and epidemiologists.


Subject(s)
Gene-Environment Interaction , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics , ABO Blood-Group System/genetics , Alcohol Drinking/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus/pathology , Humans , Incidence , Obesity/genetics , Obesity/pathology , Pancreas/metabolism , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Pancreatitis, Chronic/genetics , Pancreatitis, Chronic/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/genetics , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Smoking/physiopathology , Survival Analysis , Pancreatic Neoplasms
2.
J Vasc Interv Neurol ; 8(4): 30-8, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26576213

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury related to road traffic accidents poses a major challenge in resource-poor settings within Guinea. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of treatment delay, access to healthcare, and patient's financial capacity on duration of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. METHODOLOGY: Data from patients with traumatic brain injury secondary to motor vehicle accident admitted to a reference hospital (public or private) in Guinea during 2009 were analyzed. The association between various factors (treatment delay, access to healthcare, and patient's financial capacity) and prolonged hospital stay (>21 days) and in-hospital mortality were analyzed using two multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: The mean (±standard deviation) duration of hospital stay was 8.0 (±8.1) days. The risk of prolonged hospital stay increased by 60% when the time interval between accident and hospital arrival was greater than 12 hours compared with those in whom the time interval was less than 6 hours (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-2.6, p = 0.03). Compared with patients with low-financial capacity, patients with medium-financial capacity (adjusted OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.8, p = 0.001) and those with high capacity (adjusted OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9, p = 0.02) were less likely to have a prolonged hospital stay. The risk of in-hospital mortality was 2.6 times higher in patients with time interval between accident and hospital arrival greater than 12 hours compared with those in whom the time interval was less than 6 hours (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.1-6.2 p = 0.03). In-hospital mortality was not related to patient's financial capacity. CONCLUSION: Prolonged hospital stay and higher in-hospital mortality was associated with longer time interval between accident and hospital arrival. This delay is attributed to inadequate condition of intercity roads and lack of emergency medical services.

3.
J Cancer Epidemiol ; 2015: 387896, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26770197

ABSTRACT

Aim. To determine the prevalence of HIV infection among patients seen at the surgical oncology unit of Donka (Conakry, Guinea). Method. We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of HIV infection in cancer patients from May 2007 to December 2012. Social characteristics (age, gender, marital status, and education) and immune status (HIV type, CD4 count) were reviewed. Results. Out of 2598 cancer patients, 54 (2.1%) tested positive for HIV. There were 11 (20.4%) defining AIDS and 43 (79.6%) nondefining AIDS cancers. The most frequent cancers were breast (14) (26.0%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6) (11.1%), liver (6) (11.1%), eye and annexes (6) (11.1%), and cervical cancer (5) (9.3%). These patients were female in 34 (63.0%) and had a median age of 39 years and body mass index was 20,3 Kg/m(2). They were unschooled in 40 (74.1%) and married in 35 (64.8%). CD4 count showed a median of 317 cells/mL. Antiretroviral treatment was performed in 40 (74.1%). Conclusion. HIV prevalence is higher in patients in our unit of surgical oncology. Breast cancer was the most common in this association. A national survey of a large sample is needed to determine the true prevalence and impact of HIV on cancer prognosis.

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