ABSTRACT
Sida tuberculata is found in a region of South America and has traditionally been consumed as an infusion or tea. The chemical composition and antifungal activity of aqueous infusions from leaves and roots were investigated. LC-ESI-MS mass spectra were successfully obtained and used to identify four ecdysteroids: 20-hydroxyecdysone-3-O-ß-D-glycopyranoside, 20-hydroxyecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone-3-O-ß-D-xylose and a hydroxyecdysterone derivative. The in vitro antifungal activity was studied, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were established against Candida krusei isolates. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by the determination of the biofilm removal efficiency in contaminated central venous catheter (CVC) coupons. The preparations exhibited antifungal activity against the species tested, with MICs ranging from 3.90 to 62.50 µg/ml. The infusion removed the C. krusei biofilm after 90 min of exposure. The observed bioactivity and composition of ecdysteroids will contribute to the future development of antifungal substances for clinical use or as food additives.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Ecdysteroids/pharmacology , Malvaceae/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Biofilms/drug effects , Biofilms/growth & development , Candida/growth & development , Central Venous Catheters/microbiology , Chromatography, Liquid , Ecdysteroids/isolation & purification , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationABSTRACT
Knowledge of natural diversity and population structures of wild species, which might be related to cultivated species, is fundamental for conservation and breeding purposes. In this study, a genetic characterization of a large population of Oryza glumaepatula, occurring in a 10 km(2) area located at Tamengo Basin (Paraguay River, Brazil), was performed using SSR markers. This population is annually dragged from the river to permit navigation; one goal of this study was to examine the impact of this removal on genetic variability. From 18 polymorphic SSR markers, a total of 190 alleles were detected in a sample of 126 individuals, with an average of 10.3 alleles/locus, and a H(e) of 0.67. The five QTL-related markers showed an average H(e) value of 0.56, while the remaining 13 markers detected an average estimate of 0.70. An apparent outcrossing rate of 30%, a high proportion of alleles at low frequencies (56%), and the presence of exclusive alleles (9.5%) were found, with strong evidence of the establishment of individuals from different populations upstream in the Paraguay River. For conservation purposes, the river drag has no effect on the population. However, periodical seed collection from the Corumbá population can preserve part of the genetic variability present in upstream populations reducing the need for upriver collecting expeditions.
Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , Genetic Variation , Genetics, Population , Minisatellite Repeats/genetics , Oryza/genetics , Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics , Brazil , Cluster Analysis , Gene Frequency , Genetic Markers/geneticsABSTRACT
O presente trabalho buscou, através de consultas a periódicos da área de Enfermagem, identificar elementos de interação desta com a Psicologia. Foram selecionados 317 artigos que enquadraram-se no critério de incluir em sua abordagem questões psicológicas e sua análise compreendeu: 1. a temática focalizada; 2. a categoria profissional dos autores; 3. as referências a obras de Psicolologia; 4. modelos teóricos em Psicologia e 5. metodologia. Concluiu-se que a forma como essa interação vem operando, no contexto focalizado, é através do diálogo teórico-metodológico. O contato entre profissionais de diferentes formações apareceu em pequena proporção.
