ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Aerobic training (AT) and circuit weight training (CWT) improve peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak). During CWT the circulatory system is exposed to higher pressure, which could induce left ventricle morphological adaptations, possibly distinct from those derived from aerobic training. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of aerobic training and CWT upon morphological and functional cardiac adaptations detected by magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: Twenty healthy sedentary individuals were randomly assigned to participate in a 12-week programme of aerobic training (n = 6), CWR (n = 7) or no intervention (n = 7, controls). Training programmes consisted of 36 sessions, 35 min each, 3 times per week, at 70% of maximal heart rate, and CWT included series of resistance exercises performed at 60% of 1 maximal repetition. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were performed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: There was a similar improvement in VO(2)peak following aerobic training (mean (SD) increment: 12 (4)%) and CWT (12 (4)%), while there was no change in the control group. Aerobic training (12 (6)%) and CWT (16 (5)%) improved strength in the lower limbs, and only CWT resulted in improvement of 13 (4)% in the strength of the upper limbs. However, there were no detectable changes in left ventricular mass, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume or ejection fraction. CONCLUSION: In previously sedentary individuals, short-term CWT and aerobic training induce similar improvement in functional capacity without any adaptation in cardiac morphology detectable by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
Subject(s)
Exercise/physiology , Heart Ventricles/anatomy & histology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology , Weight Lifting/physiology , Adult , Exercise Test/methods , Humans , Male , Muscle Strength/physiology , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Ações controladoras do consumo de entorpecentes constituem uma constante preocupação das sociedades há muito tempo. Neste trabalho optou-se por avaliar se de fato estão sendo cumpridas as exigências feitas pelo ordenamento jurídico no que se refere à prescrição e dispensão de medicamentos sujeitos ao controle especial normatizados pela Portaria 344/98 da então Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária do Ministério da Saúde. Assim, esta pesquisa conduzida em 13 drogarias, na cidade de Salto/SP, avaliou os documentos compostos por Notificação de Receita B (NRB) e Receita de Controle Especial (RCE), disponibilizados no local, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2002, sendo estes selecionados por amostragem sistemática. Os 230 RCE e 154 NRB que foram analisados de acordo com a presença dos elementos de receitas descritos na Portaria que incluem aqueles de competência do prescritor, do farmacêutico e do estabelecimento e a adesão ao modelo oficial do tipo do documento preconizado pela ANVISA. Os resultados mostram que tanto nos documentos RCE e NRB provenientes do SUS e privado há ausência de itens de responsabilidade tanto dos prescritores, quanto farmacêuticos e estabelecimento. Concluiu-se que as exigências estabelecidas por esta Portaria não estão sendo cumpridas devidamente, podendo permitir comércio ilegal, mostrando que isso ocorre por falta de fiscalização mais pontual
Subject(s)
Brazil , Drug and Narcotic Control , Enacted Statutes , Legislation, Drug/statistics & numerical data , Drug PrescriptionsABSTRACT
The survival rate of dopamine (DA) neurons in mesencephalic grafts to young adult rats is poor, estimated at 5-20%, and even poorer in grafts to the aged striatum. Grafted cells die in young adult rats during the first 4 days after implantation. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the decreased survival of DA neurons in grafts to aged rats is (1) due to additional cell death during the immediate postgrafting interval or (2) due to protracted cell loss during longer postgrafting intervals. We compared survival rates of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (THir) neurons in cell suspension grafts to young adult (3 months) and aged (24 months) male Fischer 344 rats at 4 days and 2 weeks after transplantation. At 4 days after grafting, mesencephalic grafts within the aged rat striatum contain approximately 25% of the number of THir neurons in the same mesencephalic cell suspension grafted to young adult rats. This corroborates the decreased survival of grafted DA neurons we have demonstrated previously at 10 weeks postgrafting. THir neurons in grafts to the intact striatum possessed a significantly shorter "long axis" than their counterparts on the lesioned side. No significant differences in the number of apoptotic nuclear profiles or total alkaline phosphatase staining between mesencephalic grafts to young and aged rats were detectable at 4 days postgrafting. In summary, the present study indicates that the exaggerated cell death of grafted DA neurons that occurs following implantation to the aged striatum occurs during the immediate postgrafting interval, timing identical to that documented for young adult hosts.
