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1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38791742

ABSTRACT

Colombia hosts the largest number of refugees and migrants fleeing the humanitarian emergency in Venezuela, many of whom experience high levels of displacement-related trauma and adversity. Yet, Colombian mental health services do not meet the needs of this population. Scalable, task-sharing interventions, such as Group Problem Management Plus (Group PM+), have the potential to bridge this gap by utilizing lay workers to provide the intervention. However, the current literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of how and for whom Group PM+ is most effective. This mixed methods study utilized data from a randomized effectiveness-implementation trial to examine the mediators and moderators of Group PM+ on mental health outcomes. One hundred twenty-eight migrant and refugee women in northern Colombia participated in Group PM+ delivered by trained community members. Patterns in moderation effects showed that participants in more stable, less marginalized positions improved the most. Results from linear regression models showed that Group PM+-related skill acquisition was not a significant mediator of the association between session attendance and mental health outcomes. Participants and facilitators reported additional possible mediators and community-level moderators that warrant future research. Further studies are needed to examine mediators and moderators contributing to the effectiveness of task-shared, scalable, psychological interventions in diverse contexts.


Subject(s)
Mental Health , Refugees , Transients and Migrants , Humans , Colombia , Refugees/psychology , Female , Venezuela , Adult , Transients and Migrants/psychology , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Young Adult
2.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 60(1): 12-18, 2022 Feb 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35266656

ABSTRACT

Background: Scientific research has reported various stressors that could be related to the development of burnout in resident physicians. Objective: To identify the perceived stressors associated with burnout in residents of various medical specialties in Mexico's northwest. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, explanatory, observational, and analytical study was carried out. The sampling was non-probabilistic. Resident physicians from two hospitals in southern Sonora participated. The Occupational Burnout Scale (OED) and the Stressors Check List with intensity were used. Results: 189 resident physicians were included. 87% presented high levels of burnout. Specifically, the work overload and job dissatisfaction stressors were the ones with the greatest predictive power of burnout and dissatisfaction with achievement in resident physicians. By dimensions, physical problems were predictors of the pain dimension in the occupational burnout state. Professional exercise and physical problems predicted burnout in occupational burnout state. And physical problems were predictors for the presence of depression. Conclusions: The data obtained confirm the need to attend physical and mental health of resident doctors, and promote optimal work environments that have a positive impact on the well-being of their members.


Introducción: la investigación científica ha reportado diversos estresores que podrían estar relacionados con el desarrollo del burnout en médicos residentes. Objetivo: identificar los estresores percibidos asociados con burnout en residentes de diversas especialidades médicas en el noroeste de México. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, explicativo y transversal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Participaron médicos residentes de dos hospitales del sur de Sonora. Se utilizó la Escala de desgaste ocupacional (EDO) y la Lista de chequeo de estresores con intensidad. Resultados: se incluyeron 189 médicos residentes. El 87% presentó altos niveles de burnout. Específicamente los estresores sobrecarga laboral e insatisfacción laboral tuvieron mayor poder predictivo del agotamiento y la insatisfacción de logro en los médicos residentes. Por dimensiones, los problemas físicos fueron predictores de la dimensión de dolor en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Asimismo, el ejercicio profesional y los problemas físicos predijeron el agotamiento en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Y los problemas físicos fueron predictores para la presencia de depresión. Conclusiones: los datos obtenidos confirman la necesidad de atender la salud física y mental de los médicos residentes, así como promover ambientes laborales óptimos que tengan un impacto positivo en el bienestar de sus integrantes.


Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional , Medicine , Physicians , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Burnout, Professional/etiology , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Burnout, Psychological , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Physicians/psychology
3.
Rev. Méd. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 60(1): 12-18, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359747

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la investigación científica ha reportado diversos estresores que podrían estar relacionados con el desarrollo del burnout en médicos residentes. Objetivo: identificar los estresores percibidos asociados con burnout en residentes de diversas especialidades médicas en el noroeste de México. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, explicativo y transversal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Participaron médicos residentes de dos hospitales del sur de Sonora. Se utilizó la Escala de desgaste ocupacional (EDO) y la Lista de chequeo de estresores con intensidad. Resultados: se incluyeron 189 médicos residentes. El 87% presentó altos niveles de burnout. Específicamente los estresores sobrecarga laboral e insatisfacción laboral tuvieron mayor poder predictivo del agotamiento y la insatisfacción de logro en los médicos residentes. Por dimensiones, los problemas físicos fueron predictores de la dimensión de dolor en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Asimismo, el ejercicio profesional y los problemas físicos predijeron el agotamiento en el estado de desgaste ocupacional. Y los problemas físicos fueron predictores para la presencia de depresión. Conclusiones: los datos obtenidos confirman la necesidad de atender la salud física y mental de los médicos residentes, así como promover ambientes laborales óptimos que tengan un impacto positivo en el bienestar de sus integrantes


Background: Scientific research has reported various stressors that could be related to the development of burnout in resident physicians. Objective: To identify the perceived stressors associated with burnout in residents of various medical specialties in Mexico's northwest. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, explanatory, observational, and analytical study was carried out. The sampling was non-probabilistic. Resident physicians from two hospitals in southern Sonora participated. The Occupational Burnout Scale (OED) and the Stressors Check List with intensity were used. Results: 189 resident physicians were included. 87% presented high levels of burnout. Specifically, the work overload and job dissatisfaction stressors were the ones with the greatest predictive power of burnout and dissatisfaction with achievement in resident physicians. By dimensions, physical problems were predictors of the pain dimension in the occupational burnout state. Professional exercise and physical problems predicted burnout in occupational burnout state. And physical problems were predictors for the presence of depression. Conclusions: The data obtained confirm the need to attend physical and mental health of resident doctors, and promote optimal work environments that have a positive impact on the well-being of their members


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Students, Medical , Burnout, Professional , Cross-Sectional Studies , Burnout, Psychological , Stress, Psychological , Mental Health , Occupational Health , Mexico
4.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2021. 45 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1372688

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo exploratório, que buscou compreender as representações sociais de violência escolar por professores do ensino médio de uma escola pública. Participaram dez professores com cargos efetivos, incluindo gestores e coordenadores, de uma escola estadual do interior paulista. Os dados foram obtidos de dezembro de 2018 a maio de 2019 por meio de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada, e analisados de acordo com a técnica de análise de conteúdo e interpretados à luz das Representações Sociais. A análise possibilitou a identificação de duas categorias temáticas: "Violência escolar: percepções e vivências" e "Impactos da violência escolar no trabalho docente". A violência escolar foi representada como manifestações de múltiplas formas de violência: física, verbal, bullying, contra o patrimônio e simbólica. Com base em suas vivências, os professores indicaram diferenças nas práticas da violência escolar entre os ensinos fundamental e médio; entre alunos do sexo masculino e feminino; apontaram a violência como um fenômeno que interfere na produtividade da escola e na qualidade do ensino. Com relação às causas, os professores ancoraram os sentidos de suas representações em valores culturais, apontando o meio familiar como local em que o comportamento violento é aprendido, e em aspectos simbólicos, citando objetos como estímulos à prática da violência: cadeiras e mesas desconfortáveis, bebedouros quebrados, pratos de plástico. Mencionaram como ações acertadas para minimizar os impactos da violência as mudanças na infraestrutura da escola e o trabalho de conscientização realizado com os alunos para conservação deste espaço. Os professores afirmaram que não se sentiam preparados para lidar com os alunos agressores, alegando uma lacuna no curso de formação. Citaram que usam do diálogo para mediar os conflitos; contudo, foi observada nos relatos maior ênfase nas medidas de caráter punitivo, como a suspensão, expulsão e, em alguns casos, procuraram o apoio da liderança do tráfico na comunidade. Diante dos achados, considera-se a importância de projetos de intervenção com a participação dos alunos e das famílias, a oferta de atividades com temas transversais como gênero e sexualidade, o investimento na formação continuada dos professores e, por fim, parcerias com equipes interdisciplinares da rede básica para realização de um trabalho intersetorial no enfrentamento da violência escolar


This is an exploratory study of qualitative nature that aimed to understand the social representations of school violence by high school teachers of a public school. Ten teachers in permanent positions, including managers and coordinators, from a state school in the countryside of São Paulo State, participated in the study. Data were obtained from December 2018 to May 2019, through participating observation and semi-structured interview, were analyzed according to the content analysis technique and interpreted in the light of Social Representations. The analysis enabled the identification of two thematic categories: "School violence: perception and experiences" and "Impacts of school violence in the work of teachers". School violence was represented as manifestations of multiple forms of violence: physical and verbal abuse, bullying, and symbolic violence and against property. Based on their experiences, teachers indicated differences in school violence practices between elementary and high school, between male and female students; they pointed out violence as a phenomenon that interferes in the school productivity and education quality. In terms of causes, teachers assigned the meaning of their representations to cultural values, pointing the family environment as the place where one learns the violent behavior, and based on symbolic aspects, mentioning objects as stimuli to the practice of violence: uncomfortable chairs and desks, broken water dispensers, plastic plates. They mentioned as appropriate actions to minimize the impacts of violence the changes in the school infrastructure and awareness campaigns together with students to preserve the space. Teachers stated that they did not feel ready to deal with abusive students, claiming that there is a gap in their training. They said they use dialog to mediate conflicts; however, it was possible to observe in reports greater emphasis on punitive measures, such as suspension, expulsion, and in some cases, they reached for the leadership of drug dealers in the community. Upon the findings, we consider the importance of intervention projects with the participation of students and their families, the development of activities with transversal subjects as gender and sexuality, investment in teachers' continuing education and, lastly, partnerships with interdisciplinary teams of basic education to develop an inter-sectoral work to face school violence


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Schools , Violence , Education, Primary and Secondary , Faculty
5.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2021. 70 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1379638

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo exploratório, que buscou compreender as representações sociais de violência escolar por professores do ensino médio de uma escola pública. Participaram dez professores com cargos efetivos, incluindo gestores e coordenadores, de uma escola estadual do interior paulista. Os dados foram obtidos de dezembro de 2018 a maio de 2019 por meio de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada, e analisados de acordo com a técnica de análise de conteúdo e interpretados à luz das Representações Sociais. A análise possibilitou a identificação de duas categorias temáticas: "Violência escolar: percepções e vivências" e "Impactos da violência escolar no trabalho docente". A violência escolar foi representada como manifestações de múltiplas formas de violência: física, verbal, bullying, contra o patrimônio e simbólica. Com base em suas vivências, os professores indicaram diferenças nas práticas da violência escolar entre os ensinos fundamental e médio; entre alunos do sexo masculino e feminino; apontaram a violência como um fenômeno que interfere na produtividade da escola e na qualidade do ensino. Com relação às causas, os professores ancoraram os sentidos de suas representações em valores culturais, apontando o meio familiar como local em que o comportamento violento é aprendido, e em aspectos simbólicos, citando objetos como estímulos à prática da violência: cadeiras e mesas desconfortáveis, bebedouros quebrados, pratos de plástico. Mencionaram como ações acertadas para minimizar os impactos da violência as mudanças na infraestrutura da escola e o trabalho de conscientização realizado com os alunos para conservação deste espaço. Os professores afirmaram que não se sentiam preparados para lidar com os alunos agressores, alegando uma lacuna no curso de formação. Citaram que usam do diálogo para mediar os conflitos; contudo, foi observada nos relatos maior ênfase nas medidas de caráter punitivo, como a suspensão, expulsão e, em alguns casos, procuraram o apoio da liderança do tráfico na comunidade. Diante dos achados, considera-se a importância de projetos de intervenção com a participação dos alunos e das famílias, a oferta de atividades com temas transversais como gênero e sexualidade, o investimento na formação continuada dos professores e, por fim, parcerias com equipes interdisciplinares da rede básica para realização de um trabalho intersetorial no enfrentamento da violência escolar


This is an exploratory study of qualitative nature that aimed to understand the social representations of school violence by high school teachers of a public school. Ten teachers in permanent positions, including managers and coordinators, from a state school in the countryside of São Paulo State, participated in the study. Data were obtained from December 2018 to May 2019, through participating observation and semi-structured interview, were analyzed according to the content analysis technique and interpreted in the light of Social Representations. The analysis enabled the identification of two thematic categories: "School violence: perception and experiences" and "Impacts of school violence in the work of teachers". School violence was represented as manifestations of multiple forms of violence: physical and verbal abuse, bullying, and symbolic violence and against property. Based on their experiences, teachers indicated differences in school violence practices between elementary and high school, between male and female students; they pointed out violence as a phenomenon that interferes in the school productivity and education quality. In terms of causes, teachers assigned the meaning of their representations to cultural values, pointing the family environment as the place where one learns the violent behavior, and based on symbolic aspects, mentioning objects as stimuli to the practice of violence: uncomfortable chairs and desks, broken water dispensers, plastic plates. They mentioned as appropriate actions to minimize the impacts of violence the changes in the school infrastructure and awareness campaigns together with students to preserve the space. Teachers stated that they did not feel ready to deal with abusive students, claiming that there is a gap in their training. They said they use dialog to mediate conflicts; however, it was possible to observe in reports greater emphasis on punitive measures, such as suspension, expulsion, and in some cases, they reached for the leadership of drug dealers in the community. Upon the findings, we consider the importance of intervention projects with the participation of students and their families, the development of activities with transversal subjects as gender and sexuality, investment in teachers' continuing education and, lastly, partnerships with interdisciplinary teams of basic education to develop an inter-sectoral work to face school violence


Subject(s)
Humans , Violence , Education, Primary and Secondary , Faculty/psychology , Social Representation
6.
Codas ; 32(1): e20180139, 2020.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32022219

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To establish the relationship between the performance on word recognition tasks, using words with and without sense and degree, and the configuration of hearing loss, by using Speech Inteligibility Index (SII) values as indicators, in children with hearing loss. METHODS: SII were established for 55 and 65 Decibel of Sound Pressure Level (dB SPL) input sounds of ten children presenting bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), adapted with bilateral hearing aids, and who have oral language as the main mode of communication. The children were submitted to a word and nonsense-word repetition task of two or three intensity degrees. Their productions were analyzed according to the Word Association for Syllable Perception (WASP) Protocol. In the data analysis, the values of SII were compared with the results obtained in each analysis criterion. RESULTS: Pertaining to the words, there was statistically significant difference between the two types of stimuli in 55 dBSPL. As for the performance of consonants and point of articulation, there was a statistically significant difference between stimuli types in 65 and 55 dB SPL, and between intensities 65 and 55 dB SPL in nonsense words. CONCLUSION: Overall, there was no regularity in the relationship between hearing ability and performance in speech perception tasks. The results suggest that performance in the nonsense words recognition tasks was more related to intelligibility index than to words with meaning, possibly because it limits semantic closure strategies by the subject.


OBJETIVO: Estabelecer relações entre o desempenho em tarefa de reconhecimento de palavras com e sem sentido e grau e configuração da perda auditiva, utilizando valores de Índices de Inteligibilidade de Fala (SII) como indicadores, em crianças com deficiência auditiva. MÉTODO: Foram estabelecidos os SII para sons de entradas de 55 e 65 Decibéis Nível de Pressão Sonora (dBNPS) de dez crianças com perda auditiva neurossensorial usuárias de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual bilateralmente que têm a linguagem oral como principal modalidade de comunicação. As crianças foram submetidas à tarefa de repetição de palavras com e sem sentido em duas ou três diferentes intensidades. As emissões foram analisadas de acordo com o Protocolo Word Association for Syllable Perception (WASP). Na análise dos dados, o SII foi comparado com os resultados obtidos em cada critério de análise. RESULTADOS: Para o desempenho em palavras, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois tipos de estímulo em 55dBNPS. Para o desempenho em consoantes e ponto de articulação, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os tipos de estímulos em 65 e 55dBNPS e também entre as intensidades de 65 e 55 dBNPS nas palavras sem sentido. CONCLUSÃO: De modo geral, não houve regularidade na relação entre capacidade auditiva e desempenho em tarefas de percepção da fala. Os resultados sugerem que o desempenho nas tarefas de reconhecimento de palavras sem sentido tem maior relação com o índice de inteligibilidade do que as palavras com sentido, possivelmente por limitar as estratégias de fechamento semântico pelo sujeito.


Subject(s)
Hearing Aids , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Speech Intelligibility , Speech Perception , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Acoustic Stimulation/standards , Auditory Threshold , Child , Child, Preschool , Clinical Protocols , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/rehabilitation , Hearing Tests , Humans , Language Development
7.
CoDAS ; 32(1): e20180139, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055897

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Estabelecer relações entre o desempenho em tarefa de reconhecimento de palavras com e sem sentido e grau e configuração da perda auditiva, utilizando valores de Índices de Inteligibilidade de Fala (SII) como indicadores, em crianças com deficiência auditiva. Método Foram estabelecidos os SII para sons de entradas de 55 e 65 Decibéis Nível de Pressão Sonora (dBNPS) de dez crianças com perda auditiva neurossensorial usuárias de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual bilateralmente que têm a linguagem oral como principal modalidade de comunicação. As crianças foram submetidas à tarefa de repetição de palavras com e sem sentido em duas ou três diferentes intensidades. As emissões foram analisadas de acordo com o Protocolo Word Association for Syllable Perception (WASP). Na análise dos dados, o SII foi comparado com os resultados obtidos em cada critério de análise. Resultados Para o desempenho em palavras, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois tipos de estímulo em 55dBNPS. Para o desempenho em consoantes e ponto de articulação, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os tipos de estímulos em 65 e 55dBNPS e também entre as intensidades de 65 e 55 dBNPS nas palavras sem sentido. Conclusão De modo geral, não houve regularidade na relação entre capacidade auditiva e desempenho em tarefas de percepção da fala. Os resultados sugerem que o desempenho nas tarefas de reconhecimento de palavras sem sentido tem maior relação com o índice de inteligibilidade do que as palavras com sentido, possivelmente por limitar as estratégias de fechamento semântico pelo sujeito.


ABSTRACT Purpose To establish the relationship between the performance on word recognition tasks, using words with and without sense and degree, and the configuration of hearing loss, by using Speech Inteligibility Index (SII) values as indicators, in children with hearing loss. Methods SII were established for 55 and 65 Decibel of Sound Pressure Level (dB SPL) input sounds of ten children presenting bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), adapted with bilateral hearing aids, and who have oral language as the main mode of communication. The children were submitted to a word and nonsense-word repetition task of two or three intensity degrees. Their productions were analyzed according to the Word Association for Syllable Perception (WASP) Protocol. In the data analysis, the values of SII were compared with the results obtained in each analysis criterion. Results Pertaining to the words, there was statistically significant difference between the two types of stimuli in 55 dBSPL. As for the performance of consonants and point of articulation, there was a statistically significant difference between stimuli types in 65 and 55 dB SPL, and between intensities 65 and 55 dB SPL in nonsense words. Conclusion Overall, there was no regularity in the relationship between hearing ability and performance in speech perception tasks. The results suggest that performance in the nonsense words recognition tasks was more related to intelligibility index than to words with meaning, possibly because it limits semantic closure strategies by the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Speech Intelligibility , Speech Perception , Hearing Aids , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Auditory Threshold , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Acoustic Stimulation/standards , Clinical Protocols , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/rehabilitation , Hearing Tests , Language Development
8.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 49(4): 512-4, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27598642

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can be severe; thus, it is essential to diagnose the disease via serological tests. METHODS: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin A (IgA), M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies in 62 high-risk pregnant women. RESULTS: Forty-three (69.4%) women were positive for IgA, 31 (50%) for IgG, and 57 (91.9%) for IgM; 4 (6,5%) were positive for IgA but negative for IgM; 10 (16.1%) were negative for IgA and IgM but positive for IgG. CONCLUSIONS: Testing for these antibodies can help diagnose infection in pregnant women, thereby contributing to clinical management.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Toxoplasma/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology , Pregnancy, High-Risk/immunology , Young Adult
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