Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of Butia and Opuntia fruits.

Despite the consumption recommendations and the potential health benefits, Brazilian biodiversity has a large number of fruit species that are still unexplored, such as Butia catarinensis (Butiá da Praia), Butia eriospatha (Butiá da Serra) and Opuntia elata (Arumbeva). The phenolic compounds of these fruits were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Morever, in vitro assays of antioxidant capacity on hydroethanolic extracts against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (OH), peroxyl (ROO) and ABTS radicals were evaluated. In vivo assays evaluating the survival of worms and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were performed using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Eighteen, twenty-eight and seventeen phenolic compounds were identified in Butiá da Praia, Butiá da Serra and Arumbeva, respectively. The main groups of phenolic compounds found in the fruits were hydroxybenzoic acids (60.5, 26.5 and 96.1% of the total phenolic compounds for Butiá da Praia, Butiá da Serra and Arumbeva, respectively), flavan-3-ols (23.6 and 61.2% of the total phenolic compounds for Butiá da Praia and Butiá da Serra) and flavonols (2.6% of the total phenolic compounds for Arumbeva). The hydroethanolic extracts of these fruits were free radical scavenger, sources of phenolic compounds and did not cause toxic effects in vivo. In hydroethanolic extracts of Butiá da Praia and Arumbeva, the total phenolic content increased by around 67% and 35%, respectively. Besides the health benefits, these proved to be promising sources of natural antioxidants, with phenolic composition variating among species and collection site. The obtained results enable future applications of studied fruits extracts in food and/or pharmaceutical products, encouraging and valuing the sustainable use of biodiversity.

Cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and their association with disease severity / Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes con trastorno de ansiedad y su asociación con la gravedad de la enfermedad

Introduction: Studies suggest that anxiety is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. However, few studies have investigated the association between cardiovascular risk factors (RF) and severity of anxiety disorders (AD) in childhood and adolescents. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular RF in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and their association with disease severity. Method: Cross-sectional study assessing nutritional and anthropometric RF, as well as % body fat (BF), blood pressure (BP), physical activity level, anxiety symptoms and severity of the anxiety disorder of children and adolescents. Results: A total of 65 children and adolescents (8.6 ± 1.7 years) took part in the study. Excess saturated fatty acid intake (52.3%), high body mass index (50.8%), high BP (50.8%) and physical inactivity (50.0%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular RF. There was a significant association between the severity of the anxiety and the presence of ≥ 6 RF per patient (p=0.026), excess abdominal body fat as assessed by waist circumference (p=0.019) and conicity index (p=0,053), and excess % BF (p=0.035). Generalized anxiety disorder was significantly associated with high BP (p=0.044). Conclusion: A high prevalence of cardiovascular RF was found in the present sample, and individuals with more severe anxiety had greater cardiovascular risk. The characterization of the cardiovascular risk in young populations, especially in individuals with AD who are therefore more susceptible to CVD, is crucial for the development of lifestyle interventions in these patients (AU)

Introducción: Evidencias sugieren que la ansiedad es una prediciente independiente de los eventos cardiovasculares adversos. Entretanto, pocos estudios evaluaron la presencia de factores de riesgo (FR) para estas enfermedades en ninos y adolescentes. Objetivos: Identificar la prevalencia de FR cardiovasculares en ninos y adolescentes diagnosticados con disturbio de ansiedad y su asociacion con la gravedad de la enfermedad. Metodología: Estudio transversal que avaluo FR nutricional, antropometricos, % de gordura corporal (CG), presion arterial (PA), nivel de actividad fisica y escalas de sintomas y gravedad de la ansiedad. Resultados: 65 ninos y adolescentes (8.6 ± 1.7 anos) fueron incluidos en el estudio. Cuanto a los FR, el consumo excesivo de acidos grasos saturados (52.3%), índice de masa corporal alto (50.8%), PA alterada (50.8%) y la falta de ejercicio fisico (50.0%) fueron los mas prevalecientes. Hubo asociacion significativa entre la mayor gravedad del disturbio y el acumulo de ≥ 6 FR (p=0,026), exceso de gordura abdominal medida por la circunferencia de cintura (p=0.019) y por el indice de conicidad (p=0.053) y exceso en el % GC (p=0.044). Conclusión: Los resultados encontrados indican que hay una alta prevalencia de FR cardiovascular en la amuestra estudiada y los pacientes mas graves presentaron mayor riesgo. La caracterizacion del perfil de riesgo en las poblaciones con predisposicion a las enfermedades cardiovasculares es crucial para la elaboracion de estrategias de intervencion que oportunicen la reduccion en la prevalencia de estas enfermedades (AU)

Estado nutricional, ingesta alimentaria y riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en individuos con esquizofrenia en el sur de Brasil: estudio de casos-controles / Nutritional status, food intake and cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with schizophrenia in southern Brazil: A case-control study

Objetivos: Verificar los patrones de ingesta alimentaria y la presencia de parámetros antropométricos de riesgo en pacientes esquizofrénicos, al mismo tiempo que tratamos de valorar algunos factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables. Métodos: Se incluyeron 25 pacientes ambulatorios esquizofrénicos, atendidos en el Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil, y a 25 individuos de control, sanos, emparejados por sexo, edad e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se obtuvieron las características demográficas (edad, sexo y posición socioeconómica), antropométricas (peso, estatura y perímetro de la cintura), clínicas (antipsicóticos) y datos del consumo de alimentos (cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos). Resultados: Hubo una frecuencia de sobrepeso del 40% y de obesidad del 40%, según lo verificado por el IMC, y un aumento del riesgo de complicaciones metabólicas del 80%, según lo determinado por el perímetro de la cintura. La mayoría de pacientes (68%) utilizaban antipsicóticos atípicos y no se encontró una asociación entre la distribución del estado nutricional de acuerdo con el IMC y el tipo de antipsicótico usado. Entre los casos se identificó una mayor ingesta de calorías totales, calorías y proteínas por kilogramo de peso corporal, porcentaje de hidratos de carbono y una menor ingesta de ácidos grasos omega 6, fitoesteroles, vitamina A y _-tocoferol. La ingesta de colesterol y de sodio no difirió entre el grupo de casos (365±152 mg de colesterol en los casos y 313±146 mg en los individuos de control; 3.499±1.695 mg de sodio entre los casos y 2.874±800 entre los individuos de control). Conclusión: En la muestra de pacientes esquizofrénicos del presente estudio se observó un mayor consumo de calorías y un menor consumo de _-tocoferol y fitoesteroles, comparado con individuos de control. También fue evidente una ingesta elevada de sodio y colesterol y una alta frecuencia de sobrepeso y obesidad centrípeta (AU)

Objectives: To verify food consumption patterns and presence of risk anthropometric parameters in schizophrenic patients, trying to assess some modifiable cardiovascular risk. Method: Twenty-five schizophrenic outpatients, attended at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, and 25 healthy controls matched by sex, age and body mass index (BMI) were included. Demographic (age, sex and socioeconomic status), anthropometric (weight, height and waist circumference), clinical (antipsychotics) and dietary consumption data (food frequency questionnaire) were obtained. Results: There was a 40% frequency of overweight and 40% of obesity as verified by BMI, and 80% of increased risk of metabolic complications as measured by waist circumference. Most of the patients (68%) used atypical antipsychotics and no association was found between the distribution of the nutritional status according to BMI and type of antipsychotic used. There was a higher intake of total calories, calories and protein per kilogram of body weight, percentage of carbohydrates, and lower intake of omega-6, phytosterols, vitamin A and _-tocopherol by cases. Cholesterol and sodium intake did not differ between groups (365±152 mg of cholesterol in cases and 313±146 mg in controls; (3499±1695 mg sodium by cases and 2874±800 by controls). Conclusion: In this sample of schizophrenic patients there was a higher intake of calories and lower consumption of _-tocoferol and phitosterols, compared to controls. There was also elevated sodium, and cholesterol intake, and high frequency of overweight and central obesity (AU)

Nutritional status, food intake and cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with schizophrenia in southern Brazil: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: To verify food consumption patterns and presence of risk anthropometric parameters in schizophrenic patients, trying to assess some modifiable cardiovascular risk. METHOD: Twenty-five schizophrenic outpatients, attended at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, and 25 healthy controls matched by sex, age and body mass index (BMI) were included. Demographic (age, sex and socioeconomic status), anthropometric (weight, height and waist circumference), clinical (antipsychotics) and dietary consumption data (food frequency questionnaire) were obtained. RESULTS: There was a 40% frequency of overweight and 40% of obesity as verified by BMI, and 80% of increased risk of metabolic complications as measured by waist circumference. Most of the patients (68%) used atypical antipsychotics and no association was found between the distribution of the nutritional status according to BMI and type of antipsychotic used. There was a higher intake of total calories, calories and protein per kilogram of body weight, percentage of carbohydrates, and lower intake of omega-6, phytosterols, vitamin A and α-tocopherol by cases. Cholesterol and sodium intake did not differ between groups (365 ± 152 mg of cholesterol in cases and 313 ± 146 mg in controls; (3499 ± 1695 mg sodium by cases and 2874 ± 800 by controls). CONCLUSION: In this sample of schizophrenic patients there was a higher intake of calories and lower consumption of α-tocoferol and phitosterols, compared to controls. There was also elevated sodium, and cholesterol intake, and high frequency of overweight and central obesity.

Body mass index, abdominal obesity, body fat and migraine features in women.

BACKGROUND: Studies seeking to establish an association between migraine and anthropometric parameters have thus far been inconclusive. Furthermore, drugs used for migraine prophylaxis may be associated with changes in body weight. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential association of anthropometric parameters and body fat percentage with attack patterns and use of prophylactic medication in migraineurs. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that assessed the body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage and related clinical variables (characteristics of attacks and the use of prophylactic medication) in female outpatients with migraine. RESULTS: 166 female migraineurs aged ≥18 years (mean age, 45 ± 14 years) were included in the study. Migraine without aura was most prevalent (71.7%). Mean body mass index and body fat percentage were 27.8±6.0 kg/m² and 36.4 ± 8.3% respectively. Body mass index and waist circumference were weakly correlated with frequency of attacks over 6 months (rs = 0.162, p < 0.05 and rs = 0.187, p < 0.05 respectively). These correlations remains weak considering only premenopausal women, but disappear in the older women. Stratification of analysis by migraine type field shows a moderate correlation between migraine with aura and frequency of attacks over 6 months and body mass index (rs = 0.369, p < 0.05), as well as waist circumference (rs = 0.423, p < 0.01). Patients who were on prophylactic medication had higher body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage values (p < 0.01, Student t-test). CONCLUSION: This study revealed a potential, though tenuous association between migraine and anthropometric parameters and frequency of attacks, which does not reflect on the duration, severity, and disability of attacks, with patterns differing by migraine type, reproductive age and prophylactic medication.

Introducción: Los estudios que tratan de establecer una asociación entre la migraña y los parámetros antropométricos hasta ahora han sido poco concluyentes. Además, los fármacos utilizados para la profilaxis de la migraña pueden estar asociados con cambios en el peso corporal. Objetivos: Investigar la posible asociación de los parámetros antropométricos y el porcentaje de grasa corporal con patrones de ataque y el uso de la profilaxis en los pacientes con migraña. Métodos: Estudio transversal que evaluó el índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura, porcentaje de grasa corporal y las variables clínicas (características de los ataques y uso de medicación) en mujeres con migraña. Resultados: 166 mujeres con migraña ≥18 años (edad media, 45 ± 14 años) fueron incluidos en el estudio. Migraña sin aura era más frecuente (71,7%). La media del índice de masa corporal y porcentaje de grasa corporal fueron 27,8 ± 6,0 kg/m2 y 36,4 ± 8,3%, respectivamente. Índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de cintura se correlacionaron débilmente con la frecuencia de los ataques durante 6 meses (rs = 0,162, p < 0,05 y r = 0,187, p < 0,05, respectivamente). Estas correlaciones se mantiene débil considerando sólo las mujeres premenopáusicas, pero desaparecen en las mujeres mayores. La estratificación de los análisis por tipo migraña muestra una correlación moderada entre la migraña con aura y la frecuencia de los ataques de más de 6 meses y el índice de masa corporal (rs = 0,369, p < 0,05), así como la circunferencia de cintura (rs = 0,423, p < 0,01) . Los pacientes que estaban tomando medicamentos profilácticos tuvieron un mayor índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, y los valores de porcentaje de grasa corporal (p < 0,01, prueba t de Student). Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló un potencial, aunque débil asociación entre la migraña y los parámetros antropométricos y la frecuencia de ataques, que no refleja la duración, la gravedad y la incapacidad de los ataques, que tienen diferentes modelos según el tipo de migraña, la edad reproductiva y la medicación profiláctica.

Cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and their association with disease severity.

INTRODUCTION: Studies suggest that anxiety is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. However, few studies have investigated the association between cardiovascular risk factors (RF) and severity of anxiety disorders (AD) in childhood and adolescents. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular RF in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and their association with disease severity. METHOD: Cross-sectional study assessing nutritional and anthropometric RF, as well as % body fat (BF), blood pressure (BP), physical activity level, anxiety symptoms and severity of the anxiety disorder of children and adolescents. RESULTS: A total of 65 children and adolescents (8.6 } 1.7 years) took part in the study. Excess saturated fatty acid intake (52.3%), high body mass index (50.8%), high BP (50.8%) and physical inactivity (50.0%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular RF. There was a significant association between the severity of the anxiety and the presence of ≥ 6 RF per patient (p=0.026), excess abdominal body fat as assessed by waist circumference (p=0.019) and conicity index (p=0,053), and excess % BF (p=0.035). Generalized anxiety disorder was significantly associated with high BP (p=0.044). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of cardiovascular RF was found in the present sample, and individuals with more severe anxiety had greater cardiovascular risk. The characterization of the cardiovascular risk in young populations, especially in individuals with AD who are therefore more susceptible to CVD, is crucial for the development of lifestyle interventions in these patients.

Introducción: Evidencias sugieren que la ansiedad es una prediciente independiente de los eventos cardiovasculares adversos. Entretanto, pocos estudios evaluaron la presencia de factores de riesgo (FR) para estas enfermedades en ninos y adolescentes. Objetivos: Identificar la prevalencia de FR cardiovasculares en ninos y adolescentes diagnosticados con disturbio de ansiedad y su asociacion con la gravedad de la enfermedad. Metodología: Estudio transversal que avaluo FR nutricional, antropometricos, % de gordura corporal (CG), presion arterial (PA), nivel de actividad fisica y escalas de sintomas y gravedad de la ansiedad. Resultados: 65 ninos y adolescentes (8.6 } 1.7 anos) fueron incluidos en el estudio. Cuanto a los FR, el consumo excesivo de acidos grasos saturados (52.3%), indice de masa corporal alto (50.8%), PA alterada (50.8%) y la falta de ejercicio fisico (50.0%) fueron los mas prevalecientes. Hubo asociacion significativa entre la mayor gravedad del disturbio y el acumulo de ≥ 6 FR (p=0,026), exceso de gordura abdominal medida por la circunferencia de cintura (p=0.019) y por el indice de conicidad (p=0.053) y exceso en el % GC (p=0.044). Conclusión: Los resultados encontrados indican que hay una alta prevalencia de FR cardiovascular en la amuestra estudiada y los pacientes mas graves presentaron mayor riesgo. La caracterizacion del perfil de riesgo en las poblaciones con predisposicion a las enfermedades cardiovasculares es crucial para la elaboracion de estrategias de intervencion que oportunicen la reduccion en la prevalencia de estas enfermedades.