Two New Species of Horcomutilla Casal, 1962 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), Description of Hitherto Unknown Males, and an Illustrated Key to All Known Species in the Genus.

Most holotype specimens of Horcomutilla and other non-type materials deposited in museums of the Americas and Europe were examined resulting in the recognition of 13 valid species in Horcomutilla occurring from Panama to southern Argentina. Six species are known from both sexes, six only from females and one only from the male. The new species Horcomutilla bernali Cambra & Williams, sp. nov., female and male, and Horcomutilla igriega Cambra & Williams, sp. nov., male, are described. The previously unknown males of H. denticeps (Spinola Spinola, Famille Mutillaires Latr Mem Acad Sci Turin 13:62-63, 1853) and H. piala Casal Casal, Physis 30:171-172, 1970, are recognized and described. Horcomutilla suis Casal Casal, Notas Mus La Plata, Zool 20:63-75, 1962 is recognized as a junior synonym of Horcomutilla denticeps (Spinola, Spinola, Famille Mutillaires Latr Mem Acad Sci Turin 13:62-63, 1853). Horcomutilla projectifrons (Cresson, Cresson, Trans Amer Ent Soc 28:1-82, 1902) is recognized as a junior synonym of Horcomutilla fronticornis (Burmeister, Burmeister, Abhandl Naturf Ges Halle 2:19-29, 1854). Horcomutilla toba Casal, Casal, Notas Mus La Plata, Zool 20:63-75, 1962 is recognized as a junior synonym of H. glabriceps (André, André, Anales Mus Nac Buenos Aires 3:169-214, 1908). The genus Horcomutilla is reported for the first time from Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Trinidad. An updated key for species of the genus is presented and diagnostic morphological characters to separate all species are illustrated.

Revision of the Traumatomutilla indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae).

The Traumatomutilla indica species-group is reviewed, leaving it with 13 species known from both sexes, four known from females only and two known from males only. The following 28 junior synonyms are proposed: Traumatomutilla aemulata (Cresson, 1902) [=Mutilla caneta Cresson, 1902, syn. nov.]; T. centralis (Burmeister, 1875) [=T. fissiventris Andr, 1907, syn. nov.; =T. centralis boliviana Casal, 1969, syn. nov.]; T. contempta Andr, 1908a [=T. alhuampa Casal, 1969, syn. nov.]; T. geographica (Gerstaecker, 1874) [=T. seabrai Casal, 1969, syn. nov.]; T grossa (Gerstaecker, 1874) [=Mutilla abrupta Gerstaecker, 1874, syn. nov.; =M. characterea Gerstaecker, 1874, syn. nov.]; T. guayaca Casal, 1969 [=T. tayguaya Casal, 1969 syn. nov.]; T. indica (Linnaeus, 1758) [=M. sphegea Fabricius, 1804, syn. nov.]; T. parallela (Klug, 1821) [=M. almada Cresson, 1902, syn. nov.; =Ephuta lineifera Andr, 1903, syn. nov.; =T. indicoides Mickel, 1952, syn. nov.; =T. gausapata Mickel, 1952, syn. nov.; =T. pillinata Casal, 1969, syn. nov.]; T. puella (Gerstaecker, 1874) [=M. musculus Gerstaecker, 1874, syn. nov.; =M. manca Cresson, 1902 syn. nov.; =M. viana Cresson, 1902, syn. nov.; =T. peperina Casal, 1969, syn. nov.]; T. spectabilis (Gerstaecker, 1874) [=M. funesta Gerstaecker, 1874, syn. nov.; =M. melaleuca Gerstaecker, 1874 syn. nov.; =T. spectabilis chingona Casal, 1969, syn. nov.]; T. tristis (Klug, 1821) [=M. foveiventris Gerstaecker, 1874, syn. nov.; =M. caxara Cresson, 1902, syn. nov.]; T. unimarginata (Cresson, 1902) [=M. cuiba Cresson, 1902, syn. nov.]; T. vidua (Klug, 1821) [=M. graphica Gerstaecker, 1874, syn. nov.; =M. scripta Gerstaecker, 1874, syn. nov.; =T. cachimba Casal, 1969, syn. nov.; =T. scripta borrosa Casal, 1969, syn. nov.]. The hitherto unknown males of T. guayaca Casal, 1969, T. ingens (Andr, 1903), and female of T. selligera (Gerstaecker, 1874) are described. A new combination is proposed for Traumatomutilla impetuosa (Smih, 1879), comb. nov. from Mutilla. All species treated are redescribed and illustrated. Identification keys for males and females are also provided.

Description of the male of Xystromutilla bucki Suárez, 1960 (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae), including new information on the biology of the genus.

The male of Xystromutilla bucki Suárez, 1960 is described and associated with the female based on couples reared from trap-nests occupied by Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Information on the diapause of X. bucki and Pseudomethoca nr. chontalensis (Cameron, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) is presented. Seasonal and annual variation in the abundance of X. turrialba Casal, 1969 are also given.

Systematic revision of the North American velvet ant genus Invreiella Suárez (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with description of eleven new species.

The velvet ant genus Invreiella Suárez, 1966 is redescribed and revised. Females are grouped into five species-groups, with eleven new species described based on females: I. acuminata Waldren, sp. nov., I. australis Waldren, sp. nov., I. bimaculata Waldren, sp. nov., I. breviclypeata Waldren, sp. nov., I. chihuahuensis Waldren, sp. nov., I. cuernavaca Waldren, sp. nov., I. erythrocephala Waldren, sp. nov., I. manleyi Waldren, sp. nov., I. mesomexicana Waldren, sp. nov., I. suarezi Waldren, sp. nov., and I. tequila Waldren, sp. nov. One new combination is included, I. cephalargia (Mickel, 1924), comb. nov., formerly placed in Pseudomethoca Ashmead, 1896. Additionally, I. curoei Quintero Cambra, 2011 is synonymized with I. cardinalis (Gerstaecker, 1874), syn. nov., and I. megacantha (Cockerell Casad, 1894), stat. resurr., is treated as a nomen dubium. The lectotype of Mutilla satrapa Gerstaecker, 1874 originally designated by C. Mickel is here validated. An illustrated key to species is included.

Review of Calomutilla Mickel, 1952, a new species, and comparison with Pertyella Mickel, 1952 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae).

Calomutilla panamensis Cambra, Brothers Quintero sp. nov., female and male from Panama and Venezuela, and the hitherto unknown male of Calomutilla crucigera (Burmeister, 1854), are described and illustrated. Calomutilla panamensis represents the northernmost distribution record of this Neotropical genus and the first record from Venezuela. A key to species, photographs of the types of most species, and a brief description about the mating behavior of C. panamensis are presented. The differentiation of Calomutilla and Pertyella Mickel, 1952 is discussed and illustrated for both sexes.

Seasonal and annual abundance of Ephuta wasp (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) in Panama

Introduction: Ephuta Say is a widespread New World genus of mutillid wasp whose ecology is poorly understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine how Ephuta species abundance varies annually and seasonally driven by weather conditions and hosts. Methods: Ephuta specimens, located in the "old forest" at Barro Colorado Island, were examined from weekly samples (2001-2006) of ten Malaise traps. The monthly abundance of each Ephuta species was compared with monthly average humidity, solar radiation, temperature and rainfall. Results: Nine species and ten morphospecies were identified. Most specimens were collected from March to June. April was the month reported with the greatest abundance. Of the four abiotic variables measured, only average monthly temperature was correlated with Ephuta abundance. Months with the highest number of Ephuta specimens were correlated with suspected host abundance, as indicated by the monthly abundance of Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) captured during the year 2007. Conclusions: We concluded that Ephuta display strong seasonal variation in abundance, with the peaks occurring during the end of the dry season and beginning of the rainy season, which correlate broadly with temperature and the abundance of their pompilid hosts.

Introducción: Ephuta es un género de avispas mutílidas ampliamente distribuido en el Nuevo Mundo y cuya ecología es poco conocida. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar cómo varía la abundancia de especies de Ephuta anualmente y estacionalmente debido a las condiciones climáticas y sus hospederos. Métodos: Se examinaron especímenes de Ephuta tomados de muestras semanales (2001-2006) de diez trampas Malaise, ubicadas en el "bosque viejo" de Isla Barro Colorado. La abundancia mensual de cada especie de Ephuta se comparó con el promedio mensual de la humedad, la radiación solar, la temperatura y las precipitaciones. Resultados: Se identificaron nueve especies y diez morfoespecies. La mayoría de los especímenes fueron recolectados de marzo a junio. La mayor abundancia mensual promedio se dio en abril. De las cuatro variables abióticas medidas, solo la temperatura mensual promedio se correlacionó con la abundancia de Ephuta. Los meses con el mayor número de especímenes de Ephuta se correlacionan con la sospechosa abundancia del huésped, como lo indica la abundancia mensual de Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) capturada durante el 2007. Conclusiones: Ephuta muestra una fuerte variación estacional en la abundancia, con picos durante el final de la estación seca y el comienzo de la temporada de lluvias. Esta se correlaciona ampliamente con la temperatura y la abundancia de sus huéspedes pompílidos.

A new species of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from Panama: Mystacagenia kimseyae sp. nov.

Mystacagenia Evans, 1973 is a strictly Neotropical genus of pompilid wasps (Pepsinae: Ageniellini), restricted to rain forest areas. The genus comprises four described species: M. albiceps Evans, 1973 (Peru, Brazil), M. bellula Evans, 1973 (Peru), M. variegata Evans, 1973 (Brazil), and M. elegantula Evans, 1980 (Panama). Mystacagenia is scarce in collections, with only eight specimens registered, all of these females (Evans 1973, 1977, 1980; Cambra 1993; Corro Cambra 2011).

Does the genus Dasymutilla Ashmead occur in South America? The new genus Quwitilla, new combinations, and new distribution records from Neotropical velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae).

Nine species of the genus Dasymutilla Ashmead have been recorded from South America. One additional species, D. campogrande Manley Pitts was erroneously recorded from Mexico but is from Brazil, and another species, D. colorado Cambra, Williams Quintero was recently discovered in Colombia. Four of these nine Dasymutilla belong to a new genus, Quwitilla Williams, Bartholomay Cambra, gen. nov., which includes: Q. peruviana (Suárez), comb. nov. (and its newly recognized female D. homochroma Suárez, syn. nov.; Q. bellatrix (Manley Pitts), comb. nov. (based on female only); and Q. blattoserica (Kohl) comb. nov. (type species, already known from both sexes). Two others are actually synonyms of previously recognized Traumatomutilla André species: Dasymutilla brazilia Manley Pitts, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of T. oculifera (Smith), and D. campogrande, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of T. inermis (Klug). One species is transferred out of Dasymutilla: Xystromutilla aequatorialis (André), comb. nov. Finally, updates and comments are provided on the distribution of D. araneoides (Smith), D. colorado, D. paradoxa (Gerstaecker), and D. pulchra (Smith), the only four South American species remaining in the genus Dasymutilla.

Review of the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with new species and sex associations.

New species and sex associations are proposed in the genus Lomachaeta Mickel, 1936. Six new species are described: Lomachaeta calamondin Williams, L. eironeia Williams, L. juanita Williams, L. meloi Williams, L. osita Williams, and L. warneri Williams. The previously unknown females of five species are described: L. beadugrimi (Pitts Manley, 2004); L. chionothrix Pitts Manley, 2004; L. hedera Williams Pitts, 2009; L. hyphantria Pitts Manley, 2004; and L. vacamuerta Williams Pitts, 2009. The previously unknown male of L. vianai Casal, 1969 is described and L. megomicron Williams Pitts, 2009 is placed as its synonym. Various new country and state records are presented. New keys and habitus pictures for all the 24 known species are provided.

A new species of Priochilus Banks, 1944 (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae, Pompilinae) from Panama.

Priochilus chrysopygus Wasbauer, Cambra & Añino sp. nov. based on both sexes is described and illustrated. This new species is related to P. splendidulus (Fabricius). A short synopsis of biology in the genus Priochilus is given.

Ephuta icema Casal, 1969 and its host Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Pompilidae) from Brazil.

The male and female of Ephuta icema Casal, 1969 are reared from the host Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) that allow to unit both sexes for this mutillid and describe hitherto unknown male. A review of all the previous host records for the genus Ephuta Say, 1836 is given.

Review of Frigitilla Williams in Bartholomay et al., 2015, with description of a new species from Panama (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae).

Frigitilla panamensis Cambra, Brothers & Quintero sp. nov., from Panama, based on females, is described and illustrated. This new species represents the northernmost distribution record for the Neotropical genus Frigitilla Williams in Bartholomay et al., 2015. New synonymy and combination are proposed for Frigitilla simulatrix (F. Smith, 1879), comb. nov. =Mutilla frigidula Cresson, 1902, syn. nov. A lectotype is designated for Mutilla simulatrix F. Smith, 1879. The differentiating characters for the genus are briefly discussed.

A new species of Hoplognathoca Suárez, 1962 from Central America and description of male of Hoplognathoca costarricensis Suárez, 1962 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae).

Hoplognathoca jinotega Cambra, Quintero & Brothers, sp. nov., female, from Nicaragua and Guatemala and the male of H. costarricensis Suárez, 1962 are described and illustrated. The genus Hoplognathoca is reported for the first time from Nicaragua.