[Anterior mandibular bone augmentation techniques. Literature review]. / Les augmentations osseuses mandibulaires antérieures. Revue de la littérature.

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular edentation may lead to major symphyseal resorption making the placement of dental implants impossible. In this situation, bone augmentation techniques are available. The goal of our study was to make a review of the literature of the different techniques in use. METHOD: A bibliographic research was conducted on the Medline, Ovid and Cochrane Library databases with the following keywords: anterior mandible, bone grafting, mandibular symphysis reconstruction. We selected only articles written in English, published from January 1975 to August 2014 and expressly dealing with anterior mandibular bone augmentation techniques. RESULTS: Sixty-nine articles were analyzed. Eight bone augmentation techniques were reported. Bone grafting using iliac or calvarial bone and immediate or delayed implantation was the most popular technique. The main complications were infection, exposure or resorption of the graft, and chin and lip hypo- or anesthesia. The other reported techniques (osteotomies, distraction osteogenesis, transmandibular implants, mandibular reconstruction plates, fibula free flaps) were more confidential or had specific indications. There was no indication for biomaterials excepted if combined with autologous bone.

[Interest of periodontitis screening and treatment in pregnancy: systematic review]. / Intérêt du dépistage et du traitement des maladies parodontales chez la femme enceinte: revue de la littérature.

For 15 years, the investigation of a relationship between periodontal diseases and complications of pregnancy is explored, and allowed the publication of conflicting results. This work is a literature review of articles of high level of evidence, which aims to clarify the impact of treatment of periodontal disease on pregnancy. Among the 15 selected randomized controlled trials (RCT), nine concluded a significant reduction in pregnancy complications between the "experimental" group treated and "control" group. However, six other RCT concluded that the lack of a significant difference between the two groups has higher levels and a more robust methodology. In 2006, a RCT, published in an influent medical journal, announced that there would be no significant benefit to treat pregnant women to reduce the complications of pregnancy. The contradictions found in the different studies have led some authors of meta-analysis to allocate the RCT per groups of power, based on their methodology. Meta-analysis using this methodology concluded that there is no benefit for periodontal treatment to reduce complications of pregnancy. In conclusion, the next RCT conducted should standardize their methodological criteria, and preferably multicenter, including a large number of participants. In addition, a more precise definition of periodontal diseases for the purpose of research is necessary. Finally, the notion of success or failure of periodontal treatment must be considered.