ABSTRACT
Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar elementos de reflexión y análisis de la realidad desde el inicio de la Atención Primaria de salud en 1978, centrándose en la Comunitat Valenciana. Se destaca la influencia de las políticas sanitarias en todos los aspectos referenciados, que afecta directamente al pleno desarrollo de la Atención Primaria (AP) desde la integración de la asistencia, la implicación de las direcciones sanitarias, el desarrollo de la formación universitaria de Enfermería y la Especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria (EEFyC), la cobertura de plazas en AP, el aumento de técnicas derivadas del hospital a la AP, hasta las dificultades para implicar a la enfermería de AP en actividades comunitarias. A su vez, presentamos proyectos que se están llevando a cabo con la ciudadanía con un liderazgo de enfermeras comunitarias (EC) y con el apoyo institucional. La enfermería comunitaria actualmente es una parte minúscula de nuestra realidad; sigue siendo un mito
This article aims to present elements of reflection and analysis of the reality since the beginning of primary health care in 1978. This essay will focus on the Valencia Community. The influence of the health policies in all the referenced aspects is highlighted, as it which directly affects the full development of Primary Care (PC), from the integration of care, the involvement of the health directorates, the development of nursing university training and the Specialty of Family and Community Nursing (SFCN), the coverage of places in primary care, the increase in techniques derived from the hospital to the PC, to the difficulties in implicating the PC nursing in community activities. We also present projects that are being conducted in the citizenship by a clear leadership of nurses and with institutional support. Community nursing is currently a tiny part of our reality; it is still a myth
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Community Health Nursing , Community Participation , Primary Health Care , Public Health , Leadership , Community Health Nursing/organization & administration , Health PromotionABSTRACT
The conflict of interest declaration was published incorrectly in the original version.
ABSTRACT
The goal of this article is to provide recommendations about the management of kidney cancer. Based on pathologic and molecular features, several kidney cancer variants were described. Nephron-sparing techniques are the gold standard of localized disease. After a randomized trial, sunitinib could be considered in adjuvant treatment in high-risk patients. Patients with advanced disease constitute a heterogeneous population. Prognostic classification should be considered. Both sunitinib and pazopanib are the standard options for first-line systemic therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Based on the results of two randomized trials, both nivolumab and cabozantinib should be considered the standard for second and further lines of therapy. Response evaluation for present therapies is a challenge (AU)
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Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/therapy , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Nephrectomy , Risk Factors , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/analysis , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The goal of this article is to provide recommendations about the management of kidney cancer. Based on pathologic and molecular features, several kidney cancer variants were described. Nephron-sparing techniques are the gold standard of localized disease. After a randomized trial, sunitinib could be considered in adjuvant treatment in high-risk patients. Patients with advanced disease constitute a heterogeneous population. Prognostic classification should be considered. Both sunitinib and pazopanib are the standard options for first-line systemic therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Based on the results of two randomized trials, both nivolumab and cabozantinib should be considered the standard for second and further lines of therapy. Response evaluation for present therapies is a challenge.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy , Kidney Neoplasms/therapy , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The aims of this study: (1) To evaluate the relative contributions of genetics and environment to perfectionism and it's two constructs: self-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism. (2) To clarify genetic and environmental common origins of both personal and social components. METHODS: Participants were 258 pairs of adolescent Spanish twins. Socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism were assessed using the perfectionism subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory. STATISTICS: univariate and bivariate twin models, according to sex. Results; Heritability of self-oriented perfectionism was 23% in boys and 30% in girls, and of socially prescribed perfectionism 39% in boys and 42% in girls. Bivariate analysis suggested a common genetic and environmental pathway model. The genetic correlation between both perfectionisms was 0.981 in boys and 0.704 in girls. The non-shared environmental correlation was 0.254 in boys and 0.259 in girls. Conclusions; genetic influences on perfectionism are moderate during adolescence. Our results point toward a shared genetic component underlying both kind of perfectionism. These findings generate doubts about the hypothesis of a leading role of genetics in the pathogenesis of Self-oriented perfectionism and of environment in socially prescribed. The high genetic correlation seems to indicate that self-oriented and socially prescribed are the same dimension of perfectionism.
Subject(s)
Personality/genetics , Self Concept , Twins , Adolescent , Female , Gene-Environment Interaction , Humans , Male , Sex Factors , Social Environment , SpainABSTRACT
Introducción. Se investigan las diferencias en el procesamiento cognitivo, basadas en los patrones atencionales sesgados ante palabras relacionadas con los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Desarrollamos una prueba computarizada que replica el efecto Stroop, con la que presentamos cuatro tipos de palabras (alimentos, conductas relacionadas con el trastorno, emocionales y neutras) con el objeto de valorar las diferencias en el procesamiento de estos estímulos. Método. Participaron 144 mujeres con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (anorexia, bulimia o una combinación de ambas) y 172 mujeres controles. Resultados. Consistentes con las predicciones, los tres grupos clínicos emplearon significativamente más tiempo en responder a la tarea que el grupo de control. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren la existencia de sesgos en el procesamiento de los estímulos relacionados con los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria
Introduction. Cognitive processing differences based on attentional biases of words pertaining to eating disorders were investigated. We performed a computerized Stroop color-naming task in which the subjects named the colors of four word groups (food-related, eating disorders behaviours-related, emotional and neutral) to measure differences in the processing of these stimuli. Method. Participants were 144 females with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or a combination of both) and 172 female controls. Results. In agreement with predictions, the three eating disorder groups were significantly slower than the controls in identifying the color of all word groups. Conclusions. These findings indicate the existence of biases in stimuli processing related with eating behavior disorders
Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Adolescent , Humans , Anorexia Nervosa/psychology , Attention , Bulimia/psychology , Cognition , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis , Anorexia Nervosa/rehabilitation , Bulimia/diagnosis , Bulimia/rehabilitation , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Food , Hospitalization , VocabularyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive processing differences based on attentional biases of words pertaining to eating disorders were investigated. We performed a computerized Stroop color-naming task in which the subjects named the colors of four word groups (food-related, eating disorders behaviours-related, emotional and neutral) to measure differences in the processing of these stimuli. METHOD: Participants were 144 females with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or a combination of both) and 172 female controls. RESULTS: In agreement with predictions, the three eating disorder groups were significantly slower than the controls in identifying the color of all word groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate the existence of biases in stimuli processing related with eating behavior disorders.
Subject(s)
Anorexia Nervosa/psychology , Attention , Bulimia/psychology , Cognition , Adolescent , Adult , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis , Anorexia Nervosa/rehabilitation , Bulimia/diagnosis , Bulimia/rehabilitation , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Female , Food , Hospitalization , Humans , VocabularyABSTRACT
This study reports the Spanish version of a new scale for the assessment of body image, developed by Gardner, Stark, Jackson and Friedman (1999). A silhouette method was used as a self-evaluation measure of schematic ideal body size within three groups of women: anorexia nervosa (n= 57), bulimia nervosa (n=57) and normal control (n=168). The results showed that, considering the body mass index as covariant of the results, the clinical groups formed by anorexic and bulimic patients judged their current body size as significantly greater than the control group. In the same way, the clinical groups judged their ideal body size significantly thinner than that considered by the control group. We can conclude that this scale for assessment is a sensitive psychometrical measure of the body image.
Subject(s)
Anorexia Nervosa/etiology , Bulimia/etiology , Language , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Somatoform Disorders/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Este estudio recoge la adaptación española de la escala de valoración de la imagen corporal de Gardner, Stark, Jackson y Friedman (1999). La escala, basada en el empleo de siluetas corporales esquemáticas, fue aplicada a tres grupos de mujeres: 57 pacientes con anorexia nerviosa, 57 bulímicas y 168 controles. Los resultados mostraron que, considerando el índice de masa corporal en calidad de covariante de los resultados, los grupos clínicos formados por anoréxicas y bulímicas juzgaron su tamaño corporal como significativamente mayor que el grupo de control; del mismo modo, los grupos clínicos juzgaron su tamaño corporal ideal significativamente más delgado que el considerado por el grupo de control. Se concluye afirmando que esta escala es un instrumento psicométricamente sensible para evaluar la imagen corporal (AU)
