Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 14 de 14
Filter
Add more filters










Publication year range
1.
Mycologia ; 102(3): 513-21, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20524584

ABSTRACT

Marine fungal communities of created salt marshes of differing ages were compared with those of two reference natural salt marshes. Marine fungi occurring on the lower 30 cm of salt marsh plants Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus were inventoried with morphological and molecular methods (ITS T-RFLP analysis) to determine fungal species richness, relative frequency of occurrence and ascomata density. The resulting profiles revealed similar fungal communities in natural salt marshes and created salt marshes 3 y old and older with a 1.5 y old created marsh showing less fungal colonization. A 26 y old created salt marsh consistently exhibited the highest fungal species richness. Ascomata density of the dominant fungal species on each host was significantly higher in natural marshes than in created marshes at all three sampling dates. This study indicates marine fungal saprotroph communities are present in these manmade coastal salt marshes as early as 1 y after marsh creation. The lower regions of both plant hosts were dominated by a small number of marine ascomycete species consistent with those species previously reported from salt marshes of the East Coast of USA.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/classification , Poaceae/microbiology , Seawater/microbiology , Wetlands , Ascomycota/genetics , Ascomycota/growth & development , Ascomycota/isolation & purification , Biodiversity , DNA, Fungal/analysis , DNA, Ribosomal Spacer , Mycological Typing Techniques , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Southeastern United States , Spores, Fungal/genetics , Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification , Spores, Fungal/physiology
2.
Mycol Res ; 113(Pt 11): 1322-34, 2009 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19747975

ABSTRACT

Tricladium, with 21 accepted species, is the largest genus of aquatic hyphomycetes. It encompasses species with dematiaceous as well as mucedinaceous colonies. Conidiogenesis is thalloblastic; conidiogenous cells proliferate percurrently or sympodially. Conidia have typically two alternate primary lateral branches. Fontanospora and Variocladium are segregates of Tricladium, differing by conidial branching. Varicosporium comprises nine species, one not well known. Conidiogenesis is blastic or thalloblastic, conidiogenous cells proliferate sympodially or are determinate; conidia regularly produce primary and secondary branches and often fragment into part conidia. Molecular analyses on the 28S rDNA of 86 isolates, including 16 species of Tricladium, five species of Varicosporium, two species of Fontanospora and one species of Variocladium, place these hyphomycetes within Helotiales. Tricladium is polyphyletic and placed in six clades; Varicosporium is polyphyletic and placed in three clades; Fontanospora is polyphyletic within a single clade. Variocladium is placed with poor support as a sister taxon to Varicosporium giganteum, Hymenoscyphus scutula and Torrendiella eucalypti.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/classification , Ascomycota/genetics , Water Microbiology , Ascomycota/cytology , Biological Evolution , DNA, Fungal/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Europe , North America , Phylogeny
3.
Mycol Res ; 113(Pt 3): 373-80, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19084063

ABSTRACT

Based on molecular studies using 1760 bp of the nuSSU and 604 bp of the nuLSU rRNA genes and using morphological characters, the genera Koralionastes and Pontogeneia are assigned to the new order Koralionastetales, family Koralionastetaceae, class Sordariomycetes. Koralionastetales is a sister group to Lulworthiales; differences in morphological characters are expressed in the ascospores and the presence/absence of periphyses and paraphyses. A new species of Pontogeneia, P. microdictyi from Microdictyon sp. in the Bahamas, is described.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/classification , Animals , Anthozoa/microbiology , Ascomycota/cytology , Ascomycota/genetics , Bahamas , Marine Biology , Oceans and Seas , RNA, Fungal/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Ribosome Subunits, Large/genetics , Ribosome Subunits, Small/genetics
4.
J Nat Prod ; 69(12): 1667-71, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17190439

ABSTRACT

Decaspirones A-E (1-5), five new compounds related to the palmarumycins, were isolated from cultures of the freshwater aquatic fungal species Decaisnella thyridioides. The known compound palmarumycin CP1 (6) was also obtained. The structures of 1-5 were determined by analysis of NMR and MS data, and their relative configurations were assigned by analysis of 1H NMR J-values and NOESY data. The structure of the lead compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1-5 possess a trans ring fusion not previously reported in members of this structural class. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned using the modified Mosher method. Compounds 1-5 showed potent antifungal and antibacterial activity.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Ascomycota/chemistry , Naphthalenes/isolation & purification , Spiro Compounds/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Aspergillus flavus/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Dioxanes/chemistry , Dioxanes/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Fresh Water , Fusarium/drug effects , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Naphthalenes/chemistry , Naphthalenes/pharmacology , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Spiro Compounds/chemistry , Spiro Compounds/pharmacology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Wisconsin
5.
Mycologia ; 98(3): 460-7, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17040075

ABSTRACT

Vittatispora coorgii gen. sp. nov., isolated from soil in India, is described and illustrated. The fungus has morphological characteristics of the genera Melanospora, Sphaerodes and Syspastospora. The most striking feature is the presence of a thick hyaline ridge along the vertical axis of the lemon-shaped ascospores wall. Perithecia also have a long neck composed of adhering hyphae, similar to that of Syspatospora. Phylogenetic studies on the 28S rDNA indicate it is closely related to Melanospora and Sphaerodes and belongs in the Ceratostomataceae. The new genus is based on the distinctive morphology and phylogenetic analyses. The fungus grew in culture only conjointly with a sterile fungus which a BLAST analysis suggested was close to Tetracladium marchalianum.


Subject(s)
Hypocreales/classification , Soil Microbiology , Culture Media , DNA, Fungal/analysis , DNA, Ribosomal/analysis , Hypocreales/isolation & purification , Hypocreales/physiology , Hypocreales/ultrastructure , India , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Spores, Fungal/physiology , Spores, Fungal/ultrastructure
6.
Mycol Res ; 110(Pt 9): 1025-33, 2006 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16930975

ABSTRACT

The hypothesis that similar conidial morphologies in aquatic hyphomycetes are a result of convergent evolution was tested using molecular sequence data. Cladistic analyses were performed on partial sequences of 28S rDNA of seven species of Lemonniera, one species of Margaritispora and one species of Goniopila. Lemonniera has tetraradiate conidia with long arms, whereas Margaritispora and Goniopila have typically globose (isodiametric) conidia, with short conical protuberances in a stellate or quadrangular arrangement. Lemonniera and Margaritispora have phialidic conidiogenesis and both produce dark, minute sclerotia in culture whereas Goniopila has holoblastic conidiogenesis and does not produce sclerotia in culture. Goniopila produces a microconidial phialidic synanamorph in culture. All three genera have schizolytic conidial secession. Molecular analyses demonstrate that Lemonniera species are placed in two distinct clades: one within Leotiomycetes; the other within Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Margaritispora is placed with Lemonniera species within Leotiomycetes. Goniopila and Lemonniera pseudofloscula are placed within Dothideomycetes. No morphological character was entirely congruent with the molecular derived phylogeny. This suggests that for the group of species studied, conidial shape is not a reliable indicator of phylogeny but more likely the result of convergent evolution in response to the aquatic environment.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/classification , Ascomycota/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Rivers/microbiology , Ascomycota/ultrastructure , Canada , DNA, Fungal/analysis , DNA, Fungal/isolation & purification , DNA, Ribosomal/analysis , Europe , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA
7.
Org Lett ; 8(15): 3191-4, 2006 Jul 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16836363

ABSTRACT

[Structure: see text] Cultures of the freshwater aquatic fungus Helicodendron giganteum afforded three new compounds, heliconols A-C (1-3), that contain an unusual reduced furanocyclopentane unit. The structures of these metabolites were assigned by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data. The absolute configuration of heliconol A (1) was assigned by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of its dibromobenzoate derivative. Heliconol A showed antifungal and antibacterial activities in disk diffusion assays.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Furans/isolation & purification , Mitosporic Fungi/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Aspergillus flavus/drug effects , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Furans/chemistry , Furans/pharmacology , Fusarium/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
8.
J Nat Prod ; 69(4): 612-5, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16643037

ABSTRACT

Four new altenuene derivatives called dihydroaltenuenes A (1) and B (2) and dehydroaltenuenes A (3) and B (4), along with five known compounds, including isoaltenuene (5), altenuene (6), and 5'-epialtenuene (7), were isolated from cultures of an unidentified freshwater aquatic fungal species in the family Tubeufiaceae. The structures of 1-4 were determined by analysis of NMR and MS data. The relative stereochemistry was determined on the basis of (1)H NMR J-values and NOE data, while the absolute configuration of a representative member of the group (5) was assigned by CD spectral analysis of its bis-N,N-dimethylaminobenzoate derivative. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 showed antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Ascomycota/chemistry , Lactones/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Aspergillus flavus/drug effects , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Fresh Water , Fusarium/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Lactones/chemistry , Lactones/pharmacology , Molecular Structure , North Carolina , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
9.
Mycol Res ; 109(Pt 5): 556-68, 2005 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16018310

ABSTRACT

The Lulworthiales consists of four genera: three that were removed from the Halosphaeriales, namely Lulworthia, Lindra, and Kohlmeyeriella; and Spathulospora, reassigned from the Spathulosporales. However, studies have shown that neither Lulworthia nor Lindra are monophyletic genera. This study was therefore undertaken to re-evaluate the genera of the Lulworthiales based on the SSU and LSU rDNA genes. Taxonomic revisions are proposed here for Lulworthia crassa, L. lignoarenaria, L. uniseptata and Lindra marinera: Lulworthia crassa is transferred into the genus Kohlmeyeriella; Lulwoidea gen. nov. is established for L. lignoarenaria; Lulwoana gen. nov. is established for L. uniseptata; and Lindra marinera is reduced to synonymy with L. thalassiae. Taxonomic descriptions are emended for the genus Lulworthia s. str., and for L. grandispora and Lindra thalassiae. A neotype is designated for Lulworthia grandispora.


Subject(s)
Fungi/classification , Fungi/genetics , Ascomycota/classification , Ascomycota/genetics , Consensus Sequence , Fungi/isolation & purification , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Fungal/analysis , RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/analysis , RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/analysis
10.
J Nat Prod ; 68(5): 701-5, 2005 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15921413

ABSTRACT

Four new tetrahydropyran derivatives called ophiocerins A-D (1-4) and a new africane sesquiterpenoid (ophioceric acid; 5) have been isolated from cultures of the aquatic fungus Ophioceras venezuelense, together with the known compound regiolone. The structures and relative stereochemistry of these compounds were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data, while absolute stereochemical assignments for 1-4 were proposed by application of the exciton chirality CD method.


Subject(s)
Magnaporthe/chemistry , Pyrans/isolation & purification , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification , Circular Dichroism , Costa Rica , Fresh Water , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Pyrans/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry
11.
Mycologia ; 97(2): 549-51, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16396361

ABSTRACT

There are no herbarium specimens or culture material for the type of Lulworthiafucicola G.K. Sutherl. With the absence of original material, and to preserve current usage of the name, a neotype is designated hereby. The neotype chosen for L. fucicola is a specimen from Chile.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/classification , Ascomycota/cytology
12.
Mycologia ; 96(4): 822-33, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21148902

ABSTRACT

Two pyrenomycetes in the Annulatascaceae described from freshwater, Annulatascus triseptatus and Ascolacicola austriaca, are reported from North and South America for the first time. Both species occur commonly on submerged wood in the U.S.A. The two taxa are similar morphologically in having black coriaceous ascomata, cylindrical necks, septate paraphyses, cylindrical pedicellate asci with prominent apical rings and three-septate ascospores. Molecular data demonstrates that Annulatascus is polyphyletic, with A. triseptatus on a clade widely separated from the type species of the genus, A. velatisporus. Ascolacicola austriaca is on a monophyletic clade within the Annulatascaceae as sister taxon of A. triseptatus. Based on morphological data and phylogenetic analyses of 28S rDNA sequence data, new genera Annulusmagnus and Ascitendus are established for Annulatascus triseptatus and Ascolacicola austriaca, respectively.

13.
J Nat Prod ; 66(10): 1302-6, 2003 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14575427

ABSTRACT

Eight new polyketide metabolites, annularins A-H (1-8), along with the known compound (-)-(S)-p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, were isolated from the organic extracts of the freshwater fungus Annulatascus triseptatus. Compounds 1-6 are 3,4,5-trisubstituted alpha-pyrones, and the fused bicyclic pyrone-furanone system in annularin F (6) has not been reported previously among natural products. Compounds 7 and 8 are 3,4-disubstituted alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-lactones. Annularins A (1), B (2), C (3), and F (6) exhibited antibacterial activity.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Pyrones/isolation & purification , Sordariales/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Maine , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Pyrones/chemistry , Pyrones/pharmacology , Stereoisomerism
14.
Mycologia ; 95(1): 41-53, 2003.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21156587

ABSTRACT

Ceriospora caudae-suis and Submersisphaeria aquatica, two freshwater pyrenomycetes reported infrequently since their original description, occur commonly on submerged woody debris in the USA. Based on analyses of 28S rDNA sequence data and morphology, both species belong in the Annulatascaceae. Ceriospora caudae-suis is transferred to Pseudoproboscispora, a genus in the Annulatascaceae with similar overall morphology and ecology. Submersisphaeria aquatica is redescribed and illustrated based on additional collections.

SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...