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1.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 20(4): 204-217, Abr. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-232374

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Elaborar recomendaciones multidisciplinares, basadas en la evidencia disponible y el consenso de expertos, para el manejo terapéutico de los pacientes con síndrome de Behçet refractario (difícil de tratar, resistente grave, recidivante grave) al tratamiento convencional. Métodos: Un panel de expertos identificó preguntas clínicas de investigación relevantes para el objetivo del documento. Estas preguntas fueron reformuladas en formato PICO –paciente, intervención, comparación, outcome o desenlace–. A continuación, se realizaron revisiones sistemáticas; la evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia se realizó siguiendo la metodología del grupo internacional de trabajo Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Tras esto, el panel multidisciplinar formuló las recomendaciones. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 4 preguntas PICO relativas a la eficacia y seguridad de los tratamientos farmacológicos sistémicos en los pacientes con síndrome de Behçet con manifestaciones clínicas refractarias a terapia convencional, relacionadas con los fenotipos mucocutáneo y/o articular, vascular, neurológico-parenquimatoso y gastrointestinal. Se formularon un total de 7 recomendaciones estructuradas por pregunta, con base en la evidencia encontrada y el consenso de expertos. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de las manifestaciones clínicas más graves del síndrome de Behçet carece de evidencia científica sólida y no existen documentos de recomendaciones específicas para los pacientes con enfermedad refractaria a la terapia convencional. Con el fin de aportar una respuesta a esta necesidad, se presenta el primer documento de recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Reumatología específicas para el abordaje terapéutico de estos pacientes, que servirá de ayuda en la toma de decisiones clínica y la reducción de la variabilidad en la atención.(AU)


Objective: To develop multidisciplinary recommendations based on available evidence and expert consensus for the therapeutic management of patients with refractory Behçet's syndrome (difficult to treat, severe resistant, severe relapse) to conventional treatment. Methods: A group of experts identified clinical research questions relevant to the objective of the document. These questions were reformulated in PICO format –patient, intervention, comparison and outcome–. Systematic reviews of the evidence were conducted; the quality of the evidence was evaluated following the methodology of the international working group Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. After that, the multidisciplinary panel formulated the specific recommendations. Results: Four PICO questions were selected regarding the efficacy and safety of systemic pharmacological treatments in patients with Behçet's syndrome with clinical manifestations refractory to conventional therapy related to mucocutaneous and/or articular, vascular, neurological parenchymal and gastrointestinal phenotypes. A total of 7 recommendations were made, structured by question, based on the identified evidence and expert consensus. Conclusions: The treatment of most severe clinical manifestations of Behçet's syndrome lacks solid scientific evidence and, besides, there are no specific recommendation documents for patients with refractory disease. With the aim of providing a response to this need, here we present the first official recommendations of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology for the management of these patients. They are devised as a tool for assistance in clinical decision making, therapeutic homogenisation and to reduce variability in the care of these patients.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Behcet Syndrome/drug therapy , Clinical Protocols , Phenotype , Behcet Syndrome/diagnosis , Behcet Syndrome/etiology , Therapeutics
2.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 19(10): 533-548, Dic. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-227358

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Elaborar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia disponible y el consenso de expertos, para la gestión del riesgo del tratamiento biológico y los inhibidores de las JAK en pacientes con artritis reumatoide. Métodos: Se identificaron preguntas clínicas de investigación relevantes para el objetivo del documento. Estas preguntas fueron reformuladas en formato PICO (paciente, intervención, comparación, outcome o desenlace) por un panel de expertos, seleccionados en base a su experiencia en el área. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la evidencia, graduándose de acuerdo a los criterios GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). A continuación, se formularon las recomendaciones específicas. Resultados: Se propusieron por el panel de expertos 6preguntas PICO en base a su relevancia clínica y a la existencia de información reciente referentes al riesgo de aparición de infecciones graves, el riesgo de reactivación del virus de la hepatitisB, el riesgo de reactivación del virus varicela-zoster, el riesgo de aparición de cáncer de piel (melanoma y no melanoma) o hematológico, el riesgo de aparición de enfermedad tromboembólica y el riesgo de progresión del virus del papiloma humano. Se formularon un total de 29 recomendaciones, estructuradas por pregunta, basadas en la evidencia encontrada y el consenso de los expertos. Conclusiones: Se presentan las recomendaciones SER sobre la gestión del riesgo del tratamiento con terapias biológicas e inhibidores de las JAK en la artritis reumatoide.(AU)


Objective: To present recommendations based on the available evidence and the consensus of experts, for risk management of biological treatment and JAK inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Clinical research questions relevant to the purpose of the document were identified. These questions were reformulated in PICO format (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome) by a panel of experts, selected based on their experience in the area. A systematic review of the evidence was carried out, grading according to the GRADE criteria (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). Specific recommendations were then formulated. Results: Six PICO questions were proposed by the panel of experts based on their clinical relevance and the existence of recent information regarding the risk of occurrence of serious infections, the risk of reactivation of the hepatitisB virus, the risk of reactivation of the virus varicella-zoster, the risk of appearance of skin (melanoma and non-melanoma) or hematological cancer, the risk of appearance of thromboembolic disease and the risk of progression of the human papilloma virus. A total of 29 recommendations were formulated, structured by question, based on the evidence found and the consensus of the experts. Conclusions: The SER recommendations on risk management of treatment with biologic therapies and JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis are presented.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Janus Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Biological Treatment , Early Goal-Directed Therapy , Rheumatology , Rheumatic Diseases , Skin Neoplasms , Hepatitis B , Herpes Zoster/prevention & control , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/prevention & control , Hematologic Neoplasms
3.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 18(9): 501-512, Nov. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210256

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Elaborar unas recomendaciones multidisciplinares para mejorar el manejo de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa asociada a la artritis reumatoide (EPID-AR). Métodos: Un panel de reumatólogos y neumólogos expertos identificó preguntas clínicas de investigación relevantes para el objetivo del documento. Se realizaron revisiones sistemáticas de la evidencia, que se graduó de acuerdo con los criterios del SIGN. Tras ello, se formularon las recomendaciones. Resultados: Se seleccionaron seis preguntas PICO, tres de las cuales específicamente evaluaron la seguridad y la eficacia de los glucocorticoides, fármacos de acción lenta moduladores de la enfermedad (FAME) sintéticos clásicos e inmunosupresores, FAME biológicos, FAME sintéticos dirigidos y antifibróticos en el tratamiento de los pacientes con EPID-AR. Se formularon un total de 12 recomendaciones específicas sobre este tema con base en la evidencia encontrada y/o consenso de expertos. Conclusiones: Se presenta el primer documento oficial SER-SEPAR de recomendaciones específicas para el abordaje terapéutico de la EPID-AR con el fin de ayudar en la toma de decisiones a los clínicos directamente implicados en su manejo.(AU)


Objective: To develop multidisciplinary recommendations to improve the management of rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Methods: Clinical research questions relevant to the objective of the document were identified by a panel of rheumatologists and pneumologists selected based on their experience in the field. Systematic reviews of the available evidence were conducted, and evidence was graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Specific recommendations were made. Results: Six PICO questions were selected, three of which analysed the safety and effectiveness of glucocorticoids, classical synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and other immunosuppressants, biological agents, targeted synthetic DMARDs, and antifibrotic therapies in the treatment of this complication. A total specific of 12 recommendations on this topic were formulated based on the evidence found and/or expert consensus. Conclusions: We present the first official SER-SEPAR document with specific recommendations for RA-ILD management developed to resolve some common clinical questions, reduce clinical healthcare variability, and facilitate decision-making for patients.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Disease Management , Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Incidence , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Glucocorticoids , Lung Diseases , Surveys and Questionnaires , Rheumatology , Rheumatologists , Pulmonologists
4.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 18(8): 443-452, Oct. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210197

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Elaborar unas recomendaciones multidisciplinares para mejorar el manejo de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa asociada a la artritis reumatoide (EPID-AR). Métodos: Un panel de reumatólogos y neumólogos expertos identificó preguntas clínicas de investigación relevantes para el objetivo del documento. Se realizaron revisiones sistemáticas de la evidencia, que se graduó de acuerdo con los criterios del Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Tras ello, se formularon las recomendaciones. Resultados: Se seleccionaron seis preguntas PICO, tres de las cuales específicamente evaluaron la incidencia y la prevalencia de esta complicación, los factores de riesgo para su desarrollo, y los factores pronósticos de mortalidad y de progresión de la EPID-AR. Se formularon un total de 6 recomendaciones específicas sobre estos aspectos, estructuradas por pregunta, con base en la evidencia encontrada y/o consenso de expertos. Conclusiones: Se presenta el primer documento oficial SER-SEPAR de recomendaciones específicas para el abordaje la EPID-AR, con el fin de ayudar en la toma de decisiones a los clínicos directamente implicados en su manejo y aproximar la práctica asistencial a la mejor evidencia posible.(AU)


Objective: To develop multidisciplinary recommendations to improve the management of rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Methods: Clinical research questions relevant to the objective of the document were identified by a panel of rheumatologists and pneumologists selected based on their experience in the field. Systematic reviews of the available evidence were conducted, and evidence was graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Specific recommendations were made. Results: Six PICO questions were selected, three of which analysed the incidence and prevalence of RA-ILD, associated risk factors, and predictors of progression and mortality. A total of 6 specific recommendations on these topics, structured by question, were formulated based on the evidence found and/or expert consensus. Conclusions: We present the first official SER-SEPAR document with specific recommendations for RA-ILD management developed to resolve some common clinical questions and facilitate decision-making for patients.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/drug therapy , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/epidemiology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Pulmonary Medicine , Risk Factors , Prognosis , eHealth Strategies , Rheumatology , Interdisciplinary Communication , Interdisciplinary Research , Incidence , Prevalence
5.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 18(6): 317-330, Jun - Jul 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204832

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Elaborar recomendaciones para la prevención de infección en pacientes adultos con enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes sistémicas (ERAS). Métodos: Un panel de expertos, seleccionados con base en su currículum y experiencia, identificó preguntas clínicas de investigación relevantes para el objetivo del documento. Se realizaron revisiones sistemáticas de la evidencia, que se graduó de acuerdo con los criterios del Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Tras ello, se formularon las recomendaciones. Resultados: Se seleccionaron cinco preguntas, referentes a la prevención de infección por Pneumocystis jirovecii con trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, medidas profilácticas contra el virus de la hepatitis B, vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano, vacunación contra el Streptococcus pneumoniae y vacunación contra el virus de la gripe. Se formularon un total de 18 recomendaciones, estructuradas por pregunta, con base en la evidencia encontrada para las diferentes ERAS y/o consenso de expertos. Conclusiones: Existe suficiente evidencia sobre la seguridad y eficacia de las vacunaciones y otras medidas profilácticas frente a los microrganismos revisados en este documento como para ser recomendadas específicamente en pacientes con ERAS.(AU)


Objectives: To develop recommendations for the prevention of infection in adult patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). Methods: Clinical research questions relevant to the objective of the document were identified by a panel of experts selected based on their experience in the field. Systematic reviews of the available evidence were conducted, and evidence was graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Specific recommendations were made. Results: Five questions were selected, referring to prevention of infection by Pneumocystis jirovecii with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, primary and secondary prophylactic measures against hepatitis B virus, vaccination against human papillomavirus, vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and vaccination against influenza virus, making a total of 18 recommendations, structured by question, based on the evidence found for the different SARD and/or expert consensus. Conclusions: There is enough evidence on the safety and efficacy of vaccinations and other prophylactic measures against the microorganisms reviewed in this document to specifically recommend them for patients with SARD.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infection Control , Rheumatic Diseases/prevention & control , Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy , Autoimmune Diseases/prevention & control , Disease Prevention , Efficacy , Vaccination
6.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 18(5): 260-265, May 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204821

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evitar el deterioro de los pacientes con fibromialgia por actuaciones perjudiciales en la práctica clínica potencialmente evitables. Métodos: Un panel multidisciplinar de expertos identificó las áreas clave, analizó la evidencia científica y formuló las recomendaciones a partir de esta evidencia y de técnicas cualitativas de «evaluación formal» o «juicio razonado». Resultados: Se han elaborado 39 recomendaciones sobre diagnóstico, tratamientos no eficaces ni seguros, educación del paciente y formación del profesional. En esta parteII se reflejan las 12 recomendaciones, referidas a las dos últimas áreas. Conclusiones: Un buen conocimiento de la fibromialgia por el paciente mejora el afrontamiento y la aceptación de la enfermedad reduciendo la gravedad de algunas manifestaciones clínicas. Los profesionales sanitarios que tratan a los pacientes con fibromialgia deben tener una buena formación sobre esta enfermedad para mejorar los resultados del tratamiento y la relación con el paciente.(AU)


Objective: To prevent the deterioration of patients with fibromyalgia due to potentially avoidable harmful actions in clinical practice. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of experts identified key areas, analysed the scientific evidence and formulated recommendations based on this evidence and qualitative techniques of «formal assessment» or «reasoned judgement». Results: Thirty-nine recommendations were made on diagnosis, ineffective and unsafe treatments, patient education and practitioner training. This partII shows the 12 recommendations, referring to the latter two areas. Conclusions: Good knowledge of fibromyalgia on the part of patients improves their coping and acceptance of the disease and reduces the severity of some clinical manifestations. Healthcare professionals treating patients with fibromyalgia should be well trained in this disease to improve treatment outcomes and patient relationships.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Fibromyalgia , Professional Training , Patient Education as Topic , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , Treatment Outcome , Quality of Life , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Spain , Rheumatology
7.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 18(3): 131-140, Mar 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204799

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evitar el deterioro de los pacientes con fibromialgia por actuaciones perjudiciales en la práctica clínica potencialmente evitables. Métodos: Un panel multidisciplinar de expertos identificó las áreas claves, analizó la evidencia científica y formuló las recomendaciones a partir de esta evidencia y de técnicas cualitativas de «evaluación formal» o «juicio razonado». Resultados: Se han elaborado 39 recomendaciones sobre diagnóstico, tratamientos no eficaces ni seguros, educación del paciente y formación del profesional. En esta parte I se reflejan las 27 primeras, referidas a las 2 primeras áreas. Conclusiones: Establecer el diagnóstico mejora el afrontamiento del paciente y reduce los costes sanitarios. Se deben evitar AINE, opioides mayores y benzodiacepinas por los efectos adversos. No existe una evidencia sólida que justifique la asociación de fármacos. Tampoco existe una buena evidencia para recomendar ningún tipo de terapia complementaria. Las cirugías muestran más complicaciones y un grado de satisfacción menor por el paciente por lo que deben evitarse si la indicación no está claramente establecida.(AU)


Objective: To prevent the impairment of fibromyalgia patients due to harmful actions in daily clinical practice that are potentially avoidable. Methods: A multidisciplinary team identified the main areas of interest and carried out an analysis of scientific evidence and established recommendations based on the evidence and “formal evaluation” or “reasoned judgment” qualitative analysis techniques. Results: A total of 39 recommendations address diagnosis, unsafe or ineffective treatment interventions and patient and healthcare workers’ education. This part I shows the first 27 recommendations on the first 2 areas. Conclusions: Establishing a diagnosis improves the patient's coping with the disease and reduces healthcare costs. NSAIDs, strong opioids and benzodiazepines should be avoided due to side effects. There is no good evidence to justify the association of several drugs. There is also no good evidence to recommend any complementary medicine. Surgeries show a greater number of complications and a lower degree of patient satisfaction and therefore should be avoided if the surgical indication is not clearly established.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Fibromyalgia/diagnosis , Fibromyalgia/drug therapy , Evidence-Based Practice , Spain , Rheumatology
8.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 15(6): 315-326, nov.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-189647

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Elaborar recomendaciones SER sobre el uso de agentes biológicos en el síndrome de Sjögren primario (SSp). MÉTODOS: Se identificaron preguntas clínicas de investigación relevantes sobre el uso de agentes biológicos en el SSp. Las preguntas clínicas se reformularon en 4 preguntas PICO. Se diseñó una estrategia de búsqueda y se realizó una revisión de la evidencia científica de estudios publicados hasta mayo de 2017. Se revisó sistemáticamente la evidencia científica disponible. Se evaluó el nivel global de la evidencia científica utilizando los niveles de evidencia del SIGN. Tras ello, se formularon recomendaciones específicas. RESULTADOS: Se recomienda rituximab como el fármaco biológico de elección para las manifestaciones extraglandulares refractarias al tratamiento convencional. Se desaconseja el uso de agentes anti-TNF. La evidencia científica es escasa con belimumab y abatacept, por lo que deberían considerarse solamente en los casos resistentes a rituximab. CONCLUSIONES: El rituximab es el fármaco biológico de elección en las manifestaciones graves extraglandulares del SSp. Belimumab o abatacept podrían ser de utilidad en casos seleccionados


OBJECTIVE: To formulate SER recommendations for the use of biological agents in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Relevant clinical research questions were identified on the use of biological agents in pSS. The clinical questions were reformulated into 4 PICO questions. A search strategy was designed and a review of the scientific evidence of studies published until May 2017 was carried out. The scientific evidence available was systematically reviewed. The overall level of scientific evidence was assessed using the SIGN evidence levels. After that, specific recommendations were made. RESULTS: Rituximab is recommended as the biological agent of choice for extraglandular manifestations refractory to conventional treatment. The use of anti-TNF agents is discouraged. The scientific evidence with belimumab and abatacept is scarce, so they should be considered only in cases refractory to rituximab. CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab is the biological agent of choice in severe extraglandular manifestations of pSS. Belimumab or abatacept may be useful in selected cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Rituximab/therapeutic use
9.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 14(6): 320-333, nov.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-176025

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: La aparición de nueva información sobre las terapias biológicas en la espondiloartritis axial (EspAax) ha impulsado una nueva revisión de las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Reumatología (SER) basadas en la mejor evidencia posible. Estas nuevas recomendaciones pueden servir de referencia para reumatólogos implicados en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Métodos: Se creó un panel formado por nueve reumatólogos expertos en EspAax, previamente seleccionados por la SER mediante una convocatoria abierta. Las fases del trabajo fueron: identificación de las áreas clave para la actualización del consenso anterior, análisis y síntesis de la evidencia científica (sistema modificado de Oxford, CEBM, 2009) y formulación de recomendaciones a partir de esta evidencia y de técnicas de consenso. Resultados: Esta revisión de las recomendaciones comporta una actualización en la evaluación de actividad de la enfermedad y objetivos de tratamiento. Incorpora también los nuevos fármacos disponibles, así como sus nuevas indicaciones, y una revisión de los factores predictivos de respuesta terapéutica y progresión del daño radiográfico. Finalmente, estas recomendaciones abordan también las situaciones de fracaso a un primer anti-TNF, así como la posible optimización de la terapia biológica. El documento incluye una tabla de recomendaciones y un algoritmo de tratamiento. Conclusiones: Se presenta la actualización de las recomendaciones SER para el uso de terapias biológicas en pacientes con EspAax


Objective: Recent data published on biological therapy in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) since the last publication of the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER) has led to the generation of a review of these recommendations based on the best possible evidence. These recommendations should be a reference for rheumatologists and those involved in the treatment of patients with axSpA. Methods: Recommendations were drawn up following a nominal group methodology and based on systematic reviews. The level of evidence and grade of recommendation were classified according to the model proposed by the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine at Oxford. The level of agreement was established through the Delphi technique. Results: In this review, we did an update of the evaluation of disease activity and treatment objectives. We included the new drugs with approved therapeutic indication for axSpA. We reviewed both the predictive factors of the therapeutic response and progression of radiographic damage. Finally, we drafted some recommendations for the treatment of patients refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor, as well as for the possible optimization of biological therapy. The document also includes a table of recommendations and a treatment algorithm. Conclusions: We present an update of the SER recommendations for the use of biological therapy in patients with axSpA


Subject(s)
Humans , Spondylarthritis/drug therapy , Biological Therapy/methods , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends , Evidence-Based Practice/methods , Disease Progression , Treatment Outcome , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Certolizumab Pegol/administration & dosage , Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
10.
Semin Arthritis Rheum ; 46(5): 569-583, 2017 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27979416

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between smoking and clinical parameters and structural damage in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library till November 2015. We selected articles that analysed the smoking impact on disease activity, functional status, structural damage, physical mobility and life quality. Independent extraction of articles by 2 authors using predefined data fields was performed. Studies quality was graded according to the Oxford Level of Evidence scale. RESULTS: A total of 17 articles were selected for inclusion: 2 case-control, 11 cross-sectional and 4 prospective cohort studies, which analysed 4694 patients. Weak evidence suggested a smoking effect on pain, overall assessment of health, disease activity, physical mobility and life quality in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Moderate-good evidence revealed higher HAQ-AS among smokers (0.025units/y; 95% CI: 0.0071-0.0429; p = 0.007). Every additional unit of ASDAS resulted in an increase of 1.9 vs. 0.4 mSASSS units/2y in AS smokers vs. non-smokers. Good evidence revealed that cigarette smoking and smoking intensity was associated with spinal radiographic progression in axSpA [mSASSS ≥2 units/2y: OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.25-6.05, p=0.012; mSASSS progression in heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/d): OR = 3.57, 95% IC: 1.33-9.60, p = 0.012]. CONCLUSIONS: Published data indicate that smoking has a dose-dependent impact on structural damage progression in axSpA. There is worse HAQ among AS smokers compared to non-smokers. Respect to pain, overall assessment of health, disease activity, physical mobility and life quality, although the evidence level is poor, all evidence points in the same direction: smoking AS patients are worse than non-smoking.


Subject(s)
Disease Progression , Severity of Illness Index , Smoking/epidemiology , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/pathology
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