Brazilian special olympics athletes: Oral health problems.

AIMS: The people with intellectual disabilities have been reported to be a vulnerable population in terms of oral health. This study was carried out to determine the oral health condition and treatment needs of Special Olympics athletes in Brazil. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of oral health data collected from athletes participating in Healthy Athletes Program Special Olympics in Brazil, between the years 2015 and 2019. About 1241 athletes from the Brazil Special Olympics program were screened in the cities of São Paulo, Jundiai and Belo Horizonte (located in southeastern Brazil) and Recife (in northeastern Brazil). At each of these events, volunteer dental professionals performed an oral health screening for each athlete, All oral health assessments were done visually; and extra lighting were available if needed. The examinations were performed with the aid of a wooden spatula of the tongue depressor type and under natural light. The following parameters were recorded: mouth pain, untreated tooth decay, missing teeth, gingival signs, urgency and mouth hygiene habits. Data was analyzed using the STATA 14.0 program. Frequency tables were used for descriptive analyses. Categorical variables were compared between the different years of the event using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact test. Continuous variables were compared between different event years using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post-hoc analyses. Simple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of age on dental assessment results. For all tests, a p-value was considered significant when less than or equal to .05. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed in the frequencies of Mouth Pain and Missing Teeth over the years (p > .05). In relation to Untreated Tooth Decay, there is a higher frequency in the years 2016 and 2018 and a lower frequency in the year 2015 (p = .048). Regarding Gingival Signs of inflammation, there is a higher frequency in the years 2016 and 2018 and a lower frequency in the year 2017 (p < .001). In relation to cases of urgency (in need of treatment (Urgent treatment need, Non-Urgent or Maintenance)), there was a higher frequency (no urgency) in 2016 (p = .007). Finally, in relation to mouth hygiene habits, there is a higher frequency of participants with irregular habits in the years 2017 and 2019 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The dental condition of Brazilian athletes Special Olympycs Brazil reported in this study from 2015 to 2019 showed us that athletes have a high prevalence of dental diseases and these needs could contribute to health damage. The athletes have many unmet dental treatment needs and these needs are similar in different regions of the country and in the years reported.

EFSA Health Claims-Based Virgin Olive Oil Shelf-Life.

The consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been linked to various health benefits, including a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. EVOO contains triglycerides and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as minor compounds, such as polar phenols and tocopherols, which play a crucial nutritional and biological role. The composition of these minor compounds is affected by various factors that distinguish EVOOs from lower-quality olive oils. The European Parliament approved Regulation 1924/2006 that governs the use of health claims on food products based on EFSA reports. Currently, there are several authorized health claims related to unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, and polyphenol content that can be used for commercial reasons on EVOO labels. Consumers can easily take enough grams of EVOO per day to receive the beneficial effects of the nutrient in question; nevertheless, the use of these health claims is subject to a required concentration of specific nutrients throughout the shelf life of olive oil. Few studies have examined the evolution of these compounds along the shelf life of EVOO to meet health claims. This work aims to evaluate the nutritional profile of several EVOOs with potential health claims and the evolution of related nutrients during storage in darkness at different temperatures. This study proposes an accelerated method to determine the end of the EVOO shelf life based on the loss of its nutraceutical capacity and the inability to comply with the stated health claims.

The impact of the distance traveled between residence and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia reference center and clinical outcomes in Brazilian women.

OBJECTIVE: To relate the distance traveled from the patient's residence to the gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) reference center (RC) and the occurrence of unfavorable clinical outcomes, as well as to estimate the possible association between this distance and the risk of metastatic disease at presentation, the need for multiagent chemotherapy to achieve remission and loss to follow-up before remission. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective historical cohort study of patients with GTN followed at 8 Brazilian GTN-RC, from January 1st, 2000 - December 31st, 2017. RESULTS: Evaluating 1055 cases of GTN, and using a receiver operating characteristic curve, we found a distance of 56 km (km) from the residence to the GTN-RC (sensitivity = 0.57, specificity = 0.61) best predicted the occurrence of at least one of the following outcomes: occurrence of metastatic disease, need for multiagent chemotherapy to achieve remission, or loss to follow-up during chemotherapy. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted by age, ethnicity, marital status and the reference center location showed that when the distance between residence and GTN-RC was ≥56 km, there was an increase in the occurrence of metastatic disease (relative risk - RR:3.27; 95%CI:2.20-4.85), need for multiagent chemotherapy (RR:1.36; 95%CI:1.05-1.76), loss to follow-up during chemotherapy (RR:4.52; 95CI:1.93-10.63), occurrence of chemoresistance (RR:4.61; 95%CI:3.07-6.93), relapse (RR:10.27; 95%CI:3.08-34.28) and death due to GTN (RR:3.62; 95%CI:1.51-8.67). CONCLUSIONS: The distance between the patient's residence and the GTN-RC is a risk factor for unfavorable outcomes, including death from this disease. It is crucial to guarantee these patients get prompt access to the GTN-RC and receive follow-up support.

Características de los pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados con COVID-19 durante la tercera ola (variante ómicron) en un hospital de referencia del Perú / Characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the third wave (omicron variant) at a referral hospital in Peru

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir las características de los pacientes pediátricos (entre 28 días y 14 años) hospitalizados con COVID-19 durante la tercera ola (variante ómicron) en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM) (Lima, Perú). En esta cohorte retrospectiva, se revisaron las historias clínicas de 122 pacientes pediátricos que fueron atendidos en el HNERM entre enero e inicios de abril del 2022 (55% varones, mediana de edad de 5 años), 77,9% durante el primer mes, y la mitad presentaron alguna comorbilidad. Se hospitalizaron principalmente por dificultad respiratoria, comorbilidad descompensada y deshidratación. El 6,6% ingresaron a cuidados intensivos, 4,9% a ventilación mecánica invasiva, 5,7% requirieron algún vasoactivo y 1,6% fallecieron. Los fármacos más usados fueron antibióticos (43,4%) y corticoides (27,1%). En conclusión, se encontró un incremento rápido de hospitalizaciones en comparación con las olas anteriores, la mayoría con evolución favorable, y con un amplio uso empírico de antibióticos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the characteristics of pediatric patients (28 days to 14 years of age) hospitalized with COVID-19 during the third wave of the pandemic (omicron variant) at the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM) (Lima, Peru). In this retrospective cohort, we reviewed the medical records of 122 pediatric patients who attended HNERM between January and early April 2022 (55% male, median age: 5 years); 77.9% attended HNERM during the first month, and half of them had some comorbidity. Participants were hospitalized mainly for respiratory distress, decompensated comorbidity, and dehydration. Of the participants, 6.6% were admitted to intensive care, 4.9% to invasive mechanical ventilation, 5.7% required some vasoactive agent and 1.6% died. The most commonly used drugs were antibiotics (43.4%) and corticosteroids (27.1%). In conclusion, hospitalizations rapidly increased during the third wave, when compared to previous waves, most of them with favorable progression and with a wide empirical use of antibiotics.

Low bioavailability of dietary iron among Brazilian children: Study in a representative sample from the Northeast, Southeast, and South regions.

Background: Despite all efforts, iron deficiency anemia remains a serious public health problem among Brazilian children. Objective: To evaluate dietary iron intake and dietary practices that interfere with the absorption of this nutrient from three regions of Brazil. Methods: Brazil Kids Nutrition and Health Study is a cross-sectional dietary intake study in children aged 4-13.9 years old designed to investigate nutrient intakes and gaps of Brazilian children in a representative sample of households from Northeast, Southeast and South regions. Nutrient intake was assessed based on multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall and U.S. National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual micronutrients intakes and compliance with Dietary Reference Intakes. Results: Five hundred sixteen individuals participated in the study (52.3% male). The top three most consumed food sources of iron were products of plant origin. Food sources of animal origin contributed with <20% of the total iron intake. Vitamin C intake was adequate, but the concomitant consumption of food sources of vitamin C with plant food sources of iron was not common. On the other hand, the concomitant intake of plant food sources of iron with food sources of iron chelators (e.g., coffee and teas) was frequent. Conclusions: Adequate iron intake was observed in all three regions in Brazil. Children's diet showed low iron bioavailability and insufficient consumption of food sources of iron absorption stimulants. Frequent presence of iron chelators and inhibitors of iron absorption might help to explain the high prevalence of iron deficiency in the country.

Estimation of Free Sugars in the Filipino Food Composition Table and Evaluation of Population-Level Intake.

Recommendations to reduce intake of free sugars are included in some national dietary guidelines. However, as the content of free sugars is absent from most of the food composition tables, the adherence to such recommendations is hard to monitor. We developed a novel method to estimate the free sugar content in the Philippines food composition table, based on a data-driven algorithm that enabled automated annotation. We then used these estimates to analyze the free sugar intake of 66,016 Filipinos aged 4 years and over. The average free sugar consumption was 19 g/day, accounting for an average of 3% of the total caloric intake. Snacks and breakfast were the meals with the highest content of free sugars. Intake of free sugars, in grams per day and as % of energy, was positively associated with wealth status. The same pattern was observed for the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Presentation, medical complications and development of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia of hydatidiform mole after intracytoplasmic sperm injection as compared to hydatidiform mole after spontaneous conception - a retrospective cohort study and literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the natural history of hydatidiform mole (HM) after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), emphasizing the clinical and oncological outcomes, as compared to patients who had HM after spontaneous conception (SC). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective historical cohort study of patients with HM followed at the Rio de Janeiro Federal University, from January 1st 2000-December 31st 2020. RESULTS: Comparing singleton HM after SC to those following ICSI there were differences in terms of maternal age (24 vs 34 years, p < 0.01), gestational age at diagnosis (10 vs 7 weeks, p < 0.01), preevacuation human chorionic gonadotropin levels (200,000 vs 99,000 IU/L, p < 0.01), occurrence of genital bleeding (60.5 vs 26.9%, p < 0.01) and hyperemesis (23 vs 3.9%, p = 0.02) at presentation, and time to remission (12 vs 5 weeks, p < 0.01), respectively. There were no differences observed in the cases of twin mole, regardless of the form of fertilization that gave rise to HM, except molar histology with greater occurrence of partial hydatidiform mole (10.7 vs 40.0%, p = 0.01) following ICSI. Univariate logistic regression for occurrence of postmolar GTN after ICSI identified no predictor variable for this outcome. However, after adjusting for maternal age and complete hydatidiform mole histology, multivariable logistic regression showed the risk of GTN with HM after ICSI had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.22 (95%CI:0.05-0.93, p = 0.04), suggesting a possible protective effect when compared to HM after SC. CONCLUSIONS: Singleton HM after ICSI are diagnosed earlier in gestation, present with fewer medical complications, and may be less likely to develop GTN when compared with HM after SC.

Características clínicas y supervivencia en pacientes pediátricos oncohematológicos con COVID-19 en un hospital de referencia del Seguro Social de Salud del Perú, durante el 2020-2021

Introducción: En Latinoamérica, existen pocos estudios y resultados heterogéneos sobre pacientes pediátricos oncohematológicos con COVID-19. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y la supervivencia de pacientes pediátricos oncohematológicos con COVID-19 en un hospital de Lima-Perú, 2020-2021. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo de pacientes menores de 14 años hospitalizados. Los datos se recolectaron de las historias clínicas. Resultados: Incluimos 30 pacientes, mayoría hombres y escolares, predominando la fiebre, síntomas respiratorios y gastrointestinales, la neoplasia hematológica, y la enfermedad oncológica avanzada. La mayoría desarrolló enfermedad leve-moderada, pero también presentaron evolución severa con requerimiento de soporte crítico, con mortalidad alta en hospitalización (13,3%) y baja supervivencia durante el seguimiento (a los 526 días, 59,26%, IC95% 36,53 a 76,20%). La supervivencia aumentó con reinicio de la quimioterapia , y disminuyó en pacientes de condición paliativa, con soporte respiratorio y shock. Conclusiones: La mayoría desarrolló enfermedad leve-moderada. Sin embargo, el SARS-CoV-2 también puede causar afectación severa, muerte y baja supervivencia en pacientes oncohematológicos.

Introduction: In Latin America, there are few studies and heterogeneous results on pediatric oncohematology patients with COVID-19. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and survival of pediatric oncohematology patients with COVID-19 in a hospital in Lima-Peru, 2020-2021. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study of hospitalized patients under 14 years of age. The data was collected from the medical records. Results: We included 30 patients, mostly men and schoolchildren, predominantly fever, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, hematological neoplasia, and advanced oncological disease. The majority developed mild-moderate disease, but they also presented severe evolution requiring critical areas, with high mortality in hospitalization (13.3%) and low survival during follow-up (at 526 days, 59.26%, 95% CI 36 .53 to 76.20%). Survival increased with the start of chemotherapy, and decreased in patients in palliative condition, with respiratory support and shock. Conclusion: Most developed mild-moderate disease. However, SARS-CoV-2 can also cause severe involvement, death, and poor survival in oncohematological patients.

Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on molar pregnancy and postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: An observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the incidence and aggressiveness of molar pregnancy (MP) and postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Observational study with two separate designs: retrospective multicentre cohort of patients with MP/postmolar GTN and a cross-sectional analysis, with application of a questionnaire. SETTING: Six Brazilian Reference Centres on gestational trophoblastic disease. POPULATION: 2662 patients with MP/postmolar GTN treated from March-December/2015-2020 were retrospectively evaluated and 528 of these patients answered a questionnaire. METHODS: Longitudinal retrospective multicentre study of patients diagnosed with MP/ postmolar GTN at presentation and a cross-sectional analysis, with application of a questionnaire, exclusive to patients treated during the period of study, to assess living and health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with previous years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of MP/postmolar GTN. RESULTS: Compared with the last 5 pre-pandemic years, MP/postmolar GTN incidence remained stable during 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic). Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for the patient age, showed that during 2020, presentation with MP was more likely to be >10 weeks of gestation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.90-3.29, P < 0.001), have a pre-evacuation hCG level ≥100 000 iu/l (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.38-2.28, P < 0.001) and time to the initiation of chemotherapy ≥7 months (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.01-3.43, P = 0.047) when compared with 2015-2019. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of MP/postmolar GTN remained stable during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, the pandemic was associated with greater gestational age at MP diagnosis and more protracted delays in initiation of chemotherapy for postmolar GTN.

Characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the third wave (omicron variant) at a referral hospital in Peru. / Características de los pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados con COVID-19 durante la tercera ola (variante ómicron) en un hospital de referencia del Perú.

OBJECTIVES.: Motivation for the study. There are few reports on the clinical experience of the population infected with the omicron variant of COVID-19 in Latin America, particularly in pediatric population. Main findings. There was a rapid increase in the number of hospitalizations compared to previous waves, mainly due to respiratory conditions; most patients progressed favorably. Antibiotics and corticosteroids were the most used drugs. Implications. Studying the characteristics of children hospitalized during the third wave of COVID-19 in Peru may increase the knowledge of how the omicron variant affects this population group, which will allow comparisons with possible new waves or diseases.

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Profile on Nocturnal Metabolism, Sleep, and Wellbeing: A Review.

Sleep is a crucial biological function and a well-established driver of health and wellbeing across the lifespan. In this review, we describe how sleep in humans is associated with specific circadian metabolic and physiological changes, and how the organization of sleep-wake states is related to regulation of nocturnal metabolism during fasting. Among the modifiable factors that can contribute to sleep-related benefits, emerging evidence suggests that diet and nocturnal changes in glucose regulation are strong determinants of sleep quality. Here, we review studies that have explored the importance of quantity and quality of dietary carbohydrates and proteins in modulation of sleep and sleep-related health benefits. Future research may guide the creation of nutritional solutions to improve sleep, which could lead to positive changes in health, wellbeing, and overall quality of life.

Modelling Virgin Olive Oil Potential Shelf-Life from Antioxidants and Lipid Oxidation Progress.

The development of effective shelf-life prediction models is extremely important for the olive oil industry. This research is the continuation of a previous accelerated shelf-life test at mild temperature (40-60 °C), applied in this case to evaluate the oxidation effect of temperature on minor components (phenols, tocopherol, pigments) to properly complete a shelf-life predictive model. The kinetic behaviour of phenolic compounds, α-tocopherol and pigments during storage of different virgin olive oil samples at different temperatures (25-60 °C) is reported. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and α-tocopherol fitted to pseudo-zero-order kinetics, whereas secoiridoid derivatives of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, o-diphenols and total phenols apparently followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The temperature-dependent kinetic of phenolic compounds and α-tocopherol were well described by the linear Arrhenius model. The apparent activation energy was calculated. Principal component analysis was used to transform the considered compositional and degradation variables into fewer uncorrelated principal components resulting in 4: "no oxidizable substrate", "initial oxidation state and conditions", "free simple phenols", and "degradation rates". In addition, multivariate linear regression was used to yield several modelling equations for shelf-life prediction, considering initial composition and experimental variables easily determined in accelerated storage.

Nutrient Intakes among Brazilian Children Need Improvement and Show Differences by Region and Socioeconomic Level.

Brazil is the most populous country in South America. Using 24 h dietary data, we compared the nutrient intakes of 4-13-year-olds to reference values and tested for regional and socioeconomic (SES) differences. A considerable proportion reported intakes below the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for vitamins E (78.1%, 96.5%), D (100% for both), and calcium (80.5%, 97.7%) for 4-8 and 9-13-year-olds, respectively. Few exceeded Adequate Intakes (AI) for potassium or fiber. Older children reported greater inadequacies and, while there was regional variability, patterns of inadequacy and excess tended to be similar. For vitamin C, the percent of children below EAR in the Northeast and Southeast was lower than in the South. Most children, regardless of SES, had energy intakes within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) for carbohydrates and protein. Over a quarter reported total energy from fat less than the AMDR, and inversely associated with SES (low 50.9%, moderate 26.0%, and high 15.0%), but also exceeding the percentage of energy recommendation for saturated fat, increasing with SES (low 18.1%, moderate 38.9%, and high 48.8%). The contrast observed between the diets of young Brazilians and recommendations underscores the need for individual and regional environmental interventions to promote healthier dietary patterns.

Importance of Carbohydrate Quality: What Does It Mean and How to Measure It?

Dietary carbohydrates are our main source of energy. Traditionally, they are classified based on the polymer length between simple and complex carbohydrates, which does not necessarily reflect their impact on health. Simple sugars, such as fructose, glucose, and lactose, despite having a similar energy efficiency and caloric content, have very distinct metabolic effects, leading to increased risk for various chronic diseases when consumed in excess. In addition, beyond the absolute amount of carbohydrate consumed, recent data point out that the food form or processing level can modulate both the energy efficiency and the cardiometabolic risk associated with specific carbohydrates. To account for both of these aspects-the quality of carbohydrates as well as its food form-several metrics can be proposed to help identifying carbohydrate-rich food sources and distinguish between those that would favor the development of chronic diseases and those that may contribute to prevent these. This review summarizes the findings presented during the American Society of Nutrition Satellite symposium on carbohydrate quality, in which these different aspects were presented.

Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate quality influences major health outcomes; however, the best criteria to assess carbohydrate quality remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ratio) is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality, and ii) model the impact of substituting carbohydrate foods that meet the proposed ratios in place of foods that do not, on nutrient intakes. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: National data from participants aged 2 years and older (n = 12,153). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ratios were defined as (i) simple ratio, 10:1 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber); (ii) modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber:≤2g free sugars); and (iii) dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber & ≤2g free sugars per 1g dietary fiber). Ratios were compared to nutrient intakes obtained via automated multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall and diet quality calculated using the Australian Healthy Eating Index. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Substitution dietary modelling was performed. Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests. RESULTS: Ratio adherence was highest for simple (50.2% adults; 28.6% children), followed by dual (40.6% adults; 21.7% children), then modified (32.7% adults; 18.6% children) ratios. Participants who met any ratio reported higher nutrient intake and diet quality compared to those who failed to meet the respective ratio (P < .001 for all), with the greatest nutrient intakes found for those who met modified or dual ratios. Dietary modelling improved nutrient intakes for all ratios, with the greatest improvement found for the dual ratio. CONCLUSIONS: All carbohydrate ratios were associated with higher diet quality, with a free sugars constraint in the dual ratio providing the greatest improvements.

An Assessment of Three Carbohydrate Metrics of Nutritional Quality for Packaged Foods and Beverages in Australia and Southeast Asia.

Carbohydrate quality is an aetiological factor of diet-related disease. Indices of carbohydrate quality featuring various ratios of carbohydrates-to-dietary fibre-to-sugar have been associated with improved product and/or diet quality in westernised countries. Carbohydrate intake is especially high in Asia Pacific. Thus, this study evaluated the ability of such carbohydrate metrics to discriminate the nutritional quality of carbohydrate-rich packaged foods and beverages in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines, with an additional focus on beverages. This evaluation was conducted by comparing product nutritional composition and assessing products against three national nutrient profiling models. Results showed that Australia had the highest proportion of products meeting all metrics, compared to the Southeast Asian countries. Beverages had a low adherence to all metrics compared to solid foods. Across the five countries, both processed food and beverages meeting the metrics generally contained higher dietary fibre, protein, and certain vitamins and minerals whilst having lower energy, total sugars, free sugars, trans fat and cholesterol content compared to products not meeting the metrics. The metrics were also aligned with national nutrient profiling models to identify nutritious products. In conclusion, these metrics allowed us to discriminate product nutritional quality in the countries assessed and are applicable to beverages.

Gerenciamento de portfólio de projetos de saneamento nos Comitês das Bacias PCJ: método multicritério para hierarquização / Portfolio management of sanitation projects in the PCJ Basin Committees: multicriteria method for hierarchization

RESUMO Os elevados custos e a limitação de recursos financeiros tornam essencial a priorização de projetos de saneamento. Os métodos multicritérios, para decisões individuais ou em grupo, são ferramentas modernas para hierarquizar portfólios de projetos. Há muitos métodos disponíveis na literatura técnico-científica. No Brasil, os Comitês das Bacias Hidrográficas constituem-se no ambiente para decisões descentralizadas sobre projetos nos âmbitos das bacias hidrográficas. Este artigo propôs um modelo multicritério de apoio à decisão para a priorização de um portfólio de projetos de saneamento no âmbito de um comitê de bacia. Como estudo de caso, utilizou-se um portfólio de 14 empreendimentos, objeto de um edital para aplicação de recursos financeiros do Fundo Estadual de Recursos Hídricos e/ou arrecadados pela cobrança da água bruta nas bacias dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí. Empregou-se o método Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation II com a extensão gráfica Geometric Analysis for Interactive Aid. O modelo propiciou uma análise detalhada sobre as potencialidades das alternativas. Foi possível visualizar não somente a ordenação, mas também todas as propriedades de superação de cada alternativa pelas matrizes e pelos gráficos apresentados.

ABSTRACT High costs and limited financial resources make it essential to prioritize sanitation projects. Multicriteria methods, for individual or group decisions, constitute modern tools to rank project portfolios. Currently, there are many methods available in the scientific and technical literature. In Brazil, the Hydrographic Basin committees constitute the institution for decentralized decisions to manage projects portfolios. This article proposes a multicriteria model of decision support for prioritizing a portfolio of sanitation projects within the scope of a basin committee. As a case study, a portfolio of 14 projects is used, which is the subject of a public notice for the application of financial resources from FEHIDRO and/or collected by charging raw water in the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí (PCJ) basins. The method Promethee II was used with the graphic extension GAIA. The model provided a detailed analysis of the potentialities of the alternatives. It was possible to visualize not only the ordering, but also all the overcoming properties of each alternative by the matrices and the graphs presented.

Ruthenium (II) complexes with N, O-chelating proline and threonine ligands cause selective cytotoxicity by the induction of genomic instability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast and prostate tumor cells.

Ruthenium complexes are being considered as novel chemotherapeutic alternatives for cancer treatment. In our study, we assessed the antitumoral activities of novel ruthenium complexes coupled to the amino acids proline (RuPro) and threonine (RuThr) in prostate tumor cell lines (DU145) and breast (MCF7), and normal cell lines of the lung fibroblast (GM07492A). Our results revealed that the EC50 of the complexes for DU145 and MCF7 was two times lower than that GM07492A. Moreover, RuPro and RuThr were not able to induce significant genomic instability, cell cycle arrest or cell death in GM07492A, but could induce DNA damage, arrest in G2/M and apoptosis in DU145 and MCF7. Furthermore, BAX, TP53 and ATM were found to be upregulated in DU145 and MCF7 treated with RuPro and RuThr, in which, a higher ASCT2 gene expression was also observed. Using molecular docking, RuPro and RuThr interact with ASCT2, suggesting that this transporter might have a pivotal role in the execution of their activities. Hence, our results with RuPro and RuThr are capable of selectively inducing genetic damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in DU145 and MCF7. We suggest that the selective action of the RuPro and RuThr complexes is related to the higher expression of ASCT2 in the tumor cells.