Management of a Gastrobronchial Fistula Connected to the Skin in a Giant Extragastric Stromal Tumor.

Introduction. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors first treatment should be surgical resection, but when metastases are diagnosed or the tumor is unresectable, imatinib must be the first option. This treatment could induce some serious complications difficult to resolve. Case Report. We present a 47-year-old black man with a giant unresectable gastric stromal tumor under imatinib therapy who presented serious complications such as massive gastrointestinal bleeding and a gastrobronchial fistula connected with the skin, successfully treated by surgery and gastroscopy. Discussion. Complications due to imatinib therapy can result in life threatening. They represent a challenge for surgeons and digestologists; creative strategies are needed in order to resolve them.

Hepatic cytoprotective effect of ischemic and anesthetic preconditioning before liver resection when using intermittent vascular inflow occlusion: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and anesthetic preconditioning (APC) have been reported to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury after liver resection under continuous inflow occlusion. This study evaluates whether these strategies enhance hepatic protection of remnant liver against IR after liver resection with intermittent clamping (INT). METHODS: A total of 106 patients without underlying liver disease and submitted to liver resection using INT were randomized into 3 groups: IPC (10 minutes of inflow occlusion followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion before liver transection), APC (sevoflurane administration for 20 minutes before liver transection), and INT (no preconditioning). Patients were also stratified according to the extent of the hepatectomy. Cytoprotection was evaluated by comparing hepatocyte and endothelial dysfunction markers, apoptosis, histologic lesions, and postoperative outcome. RESULTS: No differences were observed in preoperative chemotherapy and steatosis, total warm ischemia time, operative time, or blood loss. Kinetics of transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase, P = .137; alanine aminotransferase, P = .616), bilirubin (P = .980), and hyaluronic acid increase (P = .514) revealed no differences. Significant apoptosis was present in 40% of patients, mild-to-moderate leukocyte infiltration and steatosis in 45% and 55%, respectively, and mild sinusoidal congestion in 65%, with a similar distribution in the 3 groups. When patients were stratified by major versus minor resections, no differences were observed in any of the variables studied. Postoperative clinical outcomes were also similar. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that these protocols of IPC and APC used in this study do not provide better cytoprotection from IR when INT is used.