ABSTRACT
The co-occurrence of fluoride and arsenic in groundwater presents a problem in many, mostly arid, regions of Latin America and the world. These pollutants cause significant health problems and are difficult to remove simultaneously from drinking water. In this study, the electrocoagulation process for the simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenic was evaluated in well from the state of Durango, Mexico, in order to both solve the local problem and determine how to apply the method generally. Tests were carried out with different times, concentrations, initial pH values, and electric current densities, with iron and aluminum as electrode materials. The removal efficiencies in simultaneous presence were 85.68% for fluoride and approximately 100% for arsenic. The final concentrations for both pollutants were below the drinking water limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Mexican regulations. The optimum conditions of the electrocoagulation process found were a current density of 4.5â¯mA/cm2, an initial pH of 5, and a treatment time of 15â¯min, considering initial fluoride and arsenic concentrations of 5â¯mg/L and 80⯵g/L, respectively.
ABSTRACT
A 3-year-old male black swan (Cygnus atratus), belonging to a private collection, died suddenly and was subjected to post mortem examination. At necropsy, caseous exudate was observed in the lungs and air sacs; granulomatous lesions characterized by epithelioid macrophages and abundant mycobacteria were observed microscopically. Avian tuberculosis associated with Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed by bacteriologic isolation, biochemical tests and molecular methods. The organism was identified as spoligotype SB0140, which is frequently found in cattle and people in North America. In this case, interspecies transmission could have been the source of infection because the swan cohabited with cattle.
Subject(s)
Anseriformes/microbiology , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary , Tuberculosis/veterinary , Animals , Fatal Outcome , Lung/microbiology , Lung/pathology , Male , Mexico , Mycobacterium bovis/genetics , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/microbiologyABSTRACT
El tumor canceroso tipo seminoma es el cáncer testicular más frecuente, afecta con mayor frecuencia a las personas de una edad media de 50 años. El seminoma presenta factores de riesgo como criptorquidia, infertilidad y antecedentes familiares de primer grado con cáncer. La estadificación determina la extensión de la invasión hacia órganos vecinos; TNM (Tumor, Nódulo, Metástasis). El diagnóstico se realiza por la clínica, se observa una masa creciente de gran volumen, pero también se usa Marcadores Tumorales; como la Alfa feto proteína, la cual es negativa siempre para seminoma y B Gonadotrofina Coriónica Humana, la cual con muy poca frecuencia está elevada. Entre los métodos de imagen que se usan están la Radiografía de tórax, Tomografía de abdomen y pelvis para descartar metástasis. Se presenta un caso de un paciente de 52 años de edad, con una masa voluminosa testicular- indolora, de unos 7 años de evolución que desde hace 2 meses presenta puntos de hemorragia externa. Al examen físico presenta una masa de 18 por 15 cm, con un punto de hemorragia en la región escrotal y secreción purulenta en el prepucio, posteriormente se procede al tratamiento adecuado.
The cancerous tumor type seminoma is the most common testicular cancer, most frequently affects people of an average age of 50 years. The seminoma presents risk factors such as cryptorchidism, infertility, and a family history of first grade with cancer. Staging determines the extent of invasion into neighbouring organs; TNM (Tumor, nodule, Metastasis). The diagnosis is carried out by the clinic there is a growing mass of high-volume, but also used tumoral markers; as the alpha protein, which is always negative to seminoma and fetal Human B Chorionic Gonadotropin, which rarely is elevated. The methods of image that are used include chest radiograph and tomography of abdomen and pelvis to rule out metastasis. A case of a patient's 52 years of age, with a bulky mass testicular - painless, about 7 years of evolution from 2 months ago has points of external bleeding. A physical exam presents a mass of 18 by 15 cm, with a point of hemorrhage in the scrotal region and purulent secretion in the foreskin, and then proceeds to the appropriate treatment.