A "peptide-target-aptamer" electrochemical biosensor for norovirus detection using a black phosphorous nanosheet@Ti3C2-Mxene nanohybrid and magnetic covalent organic framework.

Norovirus (NoV) is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for acute gastroenteritis epidemics, and establishing a robust detection method for the timely identification and monitoring of NoV contamination is of great significance. In this study, a peptide-target-aptamer sandwich electrochemical biosensor for NoV was fabricated using Au@BP@Ti3C2-MXene and magnetic Au@ZnFe2O4@COF nanocomposites. The response currents of the electrochemical biosensor were proportional to the NoV concentrations ranging from 0.01-105 copies/mL with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.003 copies/mL (S/N = 3). To our best knowledge, this LOD was the lowest among published assays to date, due to the specific recognition of the affinity peptide and aptamer for NoV and the outstanding catalytic activity of nanomaterials. Furthermore, the biosensor showed excellent selectivity, anti-interference performance, and satisfactory stability. The NoV concentrations in simulative food matrixes were successfully detected using the constructed biosensor. Meanwhile, NoV in stool samples was also successfully quantified without complex pretreatment. The designed biosensor had the potential to detect NoV (even at a low level) in foods, clinical samples, and environmental samples, providing a new method for NoV detection in food safety and diagnosing foodborne pathogens.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Kaixin Powder and predictive analysis of its Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Kaixin Powder is a classic prescription for invigorating Qi, nourishing the mind, and calming the mind. It has pharmacological effects of improving learning and memory ability, resisting oxidation, delaying aging, and promoting the differentiation and regeneration of nerve cells. It is mainly used in the modern clinical treatment of amnesia, depression, dementia, and other diseases. The present paper reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Kaixin Powder, predicted and analyzed its quality markers(Q-markers) according to the concept of Chinese medicine Q-markers, including transmission and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, measurability, and compound compatibility environment. The results suggested that sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose, tenuifoliside A, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, pachymic acid, β-asarone, and α-asarone could be used as Q-markers of Kaixin Powder. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for establishing the quality control system and the whole process quality traceability system of Kaixin Powder compound preparations.

HPLC fingerprint，content determination and transferring patterns of index components of Xintongshu spray / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Xintongshu spray， determine the contents of identified components， and investigate the transferring patterns of the index components of decoction pieces， intermediates and spray， so as to provide scientific reference for technology management and quality control of Xintongshu spray. METHODS HPLC fingerprints of 13 batches of Xintongshu spray were established by the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprints of TCM （2012 edition）， and common peaks were identified； the contents of identified components were determined by HPLC. The paeonol in Moutan Cortex and ferulic acid in Chuanxiong Rhizoma were used as index components to investigate the transferring patterns of them in decoction pieces， intermediates and spray. RESULTS There were a total of 33 common peaks in the fingerprints of 13 batches of Xintongshu spray， and the similarities were more than 0.994. Eight components were identified， i.e. gallic acid （peak 5）， oxypaeoniflorin （peak 9）， chlorogenic acid（peak 10）， caffeic acid （peak 14）， paeoniflorin （peak 17）， ferulic acid （peak 21）， senkyunolide Ⅰ （peak 27） and paeonol （peak 31）. The contents of 8 components ranged from 0.590 3- 0.719 7， 0.565 7-0.851 3， 0.279 4-0.368 1， 0.080 6-0.106 1， 1.922 5-3.033 5， 0.151 3-0.191 6， 0.250 6-0.336 0， 3.056 7-4.161 0 mg/mL， respectively. The average transfer rates of paeonol and ferulic acid from decoction pieces to sprays were 63.76% and 38.06%， respectively. It was also found that the process in which the loss of paeonol was more than 30% was the extraction by percolation and negative pressure concentration of Moutan Cortex. The process in which the loss of ferulic acid was more than 50% was the steam distillation extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC fingerprint and content determination method of Xintongshu spray are reproducible and specific. The key processes that cause a decrease in the average transfer rates of the index components are the extraction by percolation and negative pressure concentration of Moutan Cortex and steam distillation extraction of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.

Electrochemical sensor for human norovirus based on covalent organic framework/pillararene heterosupramolecular nanocomposites.

Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and food-borne diseases worldwide. Thus, a rapid, accurate, and easy-to-implement detection method for controlling infection and monitoring progression is urgently needed. In this study, we constructed a novel sandwich-type electrochemical biosensor integrated with two specific recognition elements (aptamer and peptide) for human norovirus (HuNoV). The electrochemical biosensor was fabricated using magnetic covalent organic framework/pillararene heterosupramolecular nanocomposites (MB@Apt@WP5A@Au@COF@Fe3O4) as the signal probes. The sensor showed high accuracy and selectivity. The detection method does not need the extraction and amplification of virus nucleic acid and has a short turn-around time. Intriguingly, the proposed biosensor had a limit of detection of 0.84 copy mL-1 for HuNoV, which was the highest sensitivity among published assays. The proposed biosensor showed higher sensitivity and accuracy compared with immunochromatographic assay in the detection of 98 clinical specimens. The biosensor was capable of determining the predominant infection strain of GII.4 and also GII.3 and achieved 74% selectivity for HuNoV GII group. This study provides a potential method for point-of-care testing and highlights the integrated utilization of Apt and peptide in sensor construction.

Associations of Longitudinal Fetal Growth Patterns With Cardiometabolic Factors at Birth.

Background: Birth weight is associated with cardiometabolic factors at birth. However, it is unclear when these associations occur in fetal life. We aimed to investigate the associations between fetal growth in different gestational periods and cord blood cardiometabolic factors. Methods: We included 1,458 newborns from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, China. Z-scores of fetal size parameters [weight, abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL)] at 22 weeks and growth at 22-27, 28-36, and ≥37 weeks were calculated from multilevel linear spline models. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the associations between fetal growth variables and z-scores of cord blood cardiometabolic factors. Results: Fetal weight at each period was positively associated with insulin levels, with stronger association at 28-36 weeks (ß, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.39) and ≥37 weeks (ß, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.20) compared with earlier gestational periods. Fetal weight at 28-36 (ß, -0.32; 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.24) and ≥37 weeks (ß, -0.26; 95% CI, -0.31 to -0.21) was negatively associated with triglyceride levels, whereas weight at 28-36 weeks was positively associated with HDL levels (ß, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.20). Similar results were observed for AC. Fetal FL at 22 and 22-27 weeks was associated with increased levels of insulin, glucose, and HDL. Conclusions: Fetal growth at different gestational periods was associated with cardiometabolic factors at birth, suggesting that an interplay between fetal growth and cardiometabolic factors might exist early in pregnancy.

A novel affinity peptide-antibody sandwich electrochemical biosensor for PSA based on the signal amplification of MnO2-functionalized covalent organic framework.

This work describes a novel affinity peptide-antibody sandwich electrochemical strategy for the ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Herein, polydopamine-coated boron-doped carbon nitride (Au@PDA@BCN) was synthesized and used as a sensing platform to anchor gold nanoparticles and immobilize primary antibody. Meanwhile, AuPt metallic nanoparticle and manganese dioxide (MnO2)-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (AuPt@MnO2@COF) was facilely synthesized to serve as a nanocatalyst and ordered nanopore for the enrichment and amplification of signal molecules (methylene blue, MB). PSA affinity peptide was bound to AuPt@MnO2@COF to form Pep/MB/AuPt@MnO2@COF nanocomposites (probe). The peptide-PSA-antibody sandwich biosensor was constructed, and the redox signal of MB was measured with the existence of PSA. The fabricated sensor exhibited a linear response (0.00005-10 ng mL-1) with a low detection limit of 16.7 fg mL-1 under the optimum condition. Additionally, the sensor showed an excellent selectivity, ideal repeatability, and good stability for PSA detection in real samples. Furthermore, the porous structure of COF can enrich more MB molecules and increase the sensitivity of the biosensor. This study provides an efficient and ultrasensitive strategy for PSA detection and broadens the use of organic/inorganic porous nanocomposite in biosensing.

Ultrahigh stable lead halide perovskite nanocrystals as bright fluorescent label for the visualization of latent fingerprints.

Fingerprints formed by the raised papillary ridges are one of the most important markers for individual identification. However, the current visualization methods for latent fingerprints (LFPs) suffer from poor resolution, low contrast, and high toxicity. In this work, the CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6nanostructured composite crystal (CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6NCC) were synthesized via a simple chemical solvent-assisted method. Compared with conventional perovskites, the as-prepared CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6NCC present an outstanding long-term environmental and water stability with 42% and 80% photoluminescence intensity remaining after 28 d under water and air conditions, respectively. Moreover, a special response to biomolecules from fingerprints was observed due to the hydrophobic interactions between the CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6NCC surface hydrophobic ligands (oleyl amine and oleic acid) and the hydrophobic groups in the biomolecules from the human fingers. Clear LFPs images were visualized in a bright environment illuminating the prepared CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6NCC powder under UV light of wavelength 365 nm. The images were also obtained on porous and non-porous surfaces such as metal, plastic, wood, glass, and paper products. These perovskite nanocrystals are expected a stable and bright luminescent labeling agent for LFPs visualization and have potential application in crime scene and personal identifications.

A novel electrochemical assay for chymosin determination using a label-free peptide as a substrate.

Chymosin is a predominant enzyme in rennet and is used in cheese production because of its excellent milk-clotting activity. Herein, we proposed a facile and label-free electrochemical method for determining chymosin activity based on a peptide-based enzyme substrate. The synthesized substrate peptide for chymosin was assembled onto the surface of the Au-deposited grassy carbon electrode. The current was proportional to chymosin activity, and thus chymosin activity could be determined. The detection ranges of chymosin activity were 2.5 to 25 U mL-1. The detection limit of chymosin activity was 0.8 U mL-1. The sensing platform was used to quantify chymosin activity in commercial rennet with high selectivity, excellent stability, and satisfactory reproducibility. We developed a facile, fast, and effective electrochemical assay for detecting chymosin activity, which has potential applications in cheesemaking.

Ultrasensitive supersandwich-type electrochemical sensor for SARS-CoV-2 from the infected COVID-19 patients using a smartphone.

The recent pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a threat to public health globally. Thus, developing a rapid, accurate, and easy-to-implement diagnostic system for SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for controlling infection sources and monitoring illness progression. Here, we reported an ultrasensitive electrochemical detection technology using calixarene functionalized graphene oxide for targeting RNA of SARS-CoV-2. Based on a supersandwich-type recognition strategy, the technology was confirmed to practicably detect the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 without nucleic acid amplification and reverse-transcription by using a portable electrochemical smartphone. The biosensor showed high specificity and selectivity during in silico analysis and actual testing. A total of 88 RNA extracts from 25 SARS-CoV-2-confirmed patients and eight recovery patients were detected using the biosensor. The detectable ratios (85.5 % and 46.2 %) were higher than those obtained using RT-qPCR (56.5 % and 7.7 %). The limit of detection (LOD) of the clinical specimen was 200 copies/mL, which is the lowest LOD among the published RNA measurement of SARS-CoV-2 to date. Additionally, only two copies (10 µL) of SARS-CoV-2 were required for per assay. Therefore, we developed an ultrasensitive, accurate, and convenient assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection, providing a potential method for point-of-care testing.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and discussion of Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, mainly contains triterpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, coumarins and volatile oils with many pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory and anti-fibrotic effects. The widespread applications of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in food, medicine and chemical industries make its demand increase gradually. Therefore, the quality guarantee of the medicinal is of great value. Starting from the elaboration of chemical components and pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and the introduction to the concept of quality marker(Q-marker), this study analyzed the Q-markers of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from the aspects of plant phylogene-tics, chemical component specificity, traditional efficacy, traditional medicinal properties, absorbed components, different processing methods and so on, which provides reference for quality evaluation, development and utilization of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.

Cationic Pillar[6]arene Induces Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation Via Host-Guest Recognition.

We reported for the first time that cationic pillar[6]arene (cPA6) could tightly bind to peptide polymer (MW~20-50 kDa), an artificial substrate for tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation, and efficiently inhibit Tyr protein phosphorylation through host-guest recognition. We synthesized a nanocomposite of black phosphorus nanosheets loaded with cPA6 (BPNS@cPA6) to explore the effect of cPA6 on cells. BPNS@cPA6 was able to enter HepG2 cells, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation by reducing the level of Tyr phosphorylation. Furthermore, BPNS@cPA6 showed a stronger ability of inhibiting cell proliferation in tumor cells than in normal cells. Our results revealed the supramolecular modulation of enzymatic Tyr phosphorylation by the host-guest recognition of cPA6.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for prostate specific antigen detection with a phosphorene platform and magnetic covalent organic framework signal amplifier.

Magnetic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are useful mesoporous materials for the enrichment and separation of analytes, and are utilized in the pretreatment of samples. However, the use of magnetic COFs in electrochemical immunosensors has rarely reported. Herein, a novel electrochemical assay for the determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was developed using black phosphorene (BPene) as a platform and magnetic COFs for signal amplification. BPene was prepared via water-phase exfoliation. BPene nanocomposite (Au@BPene) was prepared by depositing Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) onto BPene. This nanocomposite was utilized as an immunsensing platform to bind primary antibodies and improve electron transfer. Subsequently, an Au NP-loaded magnetic COF was used to immobilize the secondary antibodies and abundant electronic signals of methylene blue (MB). The fabricated sensor exhibited linearity ranging from 0.0001 ng mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1 with the detection limit of 30 fg mL-1. The sensor could determine the PSA in a real sample with excellent specificity, good stability, and desirable reproducibility. The effective signal amplification of the proposed sensor is attributed to the good electron transfer of Au@BPene, excellent enrichment capacity of signal molecules (MB) of the COF, and efficient catalytic activity of Fe3O4. This work not only provides an effective electrochemical assay to detect PSA in real sample, but also broadens the utilization scope of magnetic COFs in immunosensing.

A novel fluorescence assay for resveratrol determination in red wine based on competitive host-guest recognition.

A label-free fluorescence assay for resveratrol determination is presented for the first time. The approach was based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), via competitive supramolecular recognition, between p-sulfonated calix[6]arene (CX6)-modified reduced graphene oxide (CX6@RGO) and a probe-resveratrol complex. The probe molecule (Rhodamine B or rhodamine 123) had a strong fluorescence signal, and its fluorescence was quenched by CX6@RGO, based on FRET. When the target molecule was added to CX6@RGO, the probe molecule was displaced by resveratrol, and a host-guest complex, CX6@RGO-resveratrol formed, turning-on the fluorescence signal. Fluorescence intensity of the CX6@RGO-probe complex increased linearly with increased resveratrol concentrations (2.0-40.0 µM). The proposed approach was used to determine resveratrol in red wine with satisfactory detection limits and recoveries. Compared with traditional determination methods, our procedure is advantageous because it saves time, is easy to operate, and does not require sample pretreatment.

A novel fluorescent sensing platform for insulin detection based on competitive recognition of cationic pillar[6]arene.

Competitive host-guest recognition has been utilized to determine small molecules using macrocyclic supramolecular host, while less studies focused on the specific recognition and sensing of protein. In the present work, we are the first time to report a label-free fluorescent assay for insulin determination based on the supramolecular recognition between cationic pillar[6]arene (CP6) and insulin. The approach is based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) through competitive recognition between CP6 functionalized reduced graphene oxide (CP6@rGO) and probe/insulin molecules. Probe molecule (RhB) has strong fluorescent signal, and its fluorescent is quenched by rGO based on FRET. When target protein molecule (insulin) is added to CP6@rGO, the probe is displaced by insulin and a host-guest complex CP6@rGO/insulin is formed, resulting in a "turn-on" fluorescence signal. The fluorescence intensity of complex increased linearly with the increase of insulin concentration ranging 0.01-0.50 and 1.0-16.0 µM, respectively with a detection limit of 3 nM. The sensor was successfully utilized to determine insulin in artificial serum. The molecular docking result showed that the N-terminal Phe of insulin's B chain was included in the CP6 cavity through electrostatic interaction and formed a stable host-guest complex.

Fingerprint analysis of water and ethanol extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis from different habitats / 中草药

Objective: The HPLC fingerprints of water extracts and alcohol extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis from different producing areas were established in order to provide reference for the quality control and the extraction and processing methods. Methods: The HPLC fingerprints of water extracts and alcohol extracts of 10 batches of G. uralensis from different producing areas were established by HPLC method, and the similarity evaluation and hierarchical cluster analysis of the obtained fingerprint data were carried out. Results: The fingerprint of water extracts and ethanol extracts of G. uralensis was established. There were 16 common peaks were identified from fingerprints of water extracts, and six components were identified, meanwhile, the fingerprints of water extracts showed that the similarity of 10 batches of G. uralensis was in the range of 0.030 and 0.999. Sixty common peaks were identified from fingerprints of ethanol extracts, and seven components were identified, meanwhile, the fingerprints of ethanol extracts showed that the similarity of 10 batches of G. uralensis were all greater than 0.85. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the water extracts and alcohol extracts of G. uralensis in different areas could be well classified, suggesting that natural factors such as the climate, soil conditions and other natural factors had a significant impact on the internal quality of licorice. Conclusion: A stable and reliable HPLC fingerprint evaluation method for water extracts and alcohol extracts of G uralensis has been established, which can provide a powerful theoretical basis and a guidance for the study of quality standard of G. uralensis and the optimization of extraction and processing technology, and provide a scientific basis for the choice of clinical medication.

A case of Antley-Bixler syndrome caused by novel POR mutations / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a child affected with multiple malformations.@*METHODS@#Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from the child and her parents. Tro whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were carried out. Suspicted mutations were verified by PCR and Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The patient, a 2-year-old girl, presented with multiple malformations including dysmorphism, skeletal malformations and ambigulous genitalia. Through genetic testing, she was diagnosed with Antley-Bixler syndrome caused by compound heterozygous mutations of the POR gene (c.919G>T and c.1615G>A), which were derived from her mother and father, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The compound heterozygous mutations of the POR gene probably underlie the Antley-Bixler syndrome in this patient.

A case of Antley-Bixler syndrome caused by novel POR mutations / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Objective@#To explore the genetic basis for a child affected with multiple malformations.@*Methods@#Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from the child and her parents. Tro whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were carried out. Suspicted mutations were verified by PCR and Sanger sequencing.@*Results@#The patient, a 2-year-old girl, presented with multiple malformations including dysmorphism, skeletal malformations and ambigulous genitalia. Through genetic testing, she was diagnosed with Antley-Bixler syndrome caused by compound heterozygous mutations of the POR gene (c.919G>T and c. 1615G>A), which were derived from her mother and father, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The compound heterozygous mutations of the POR gene probably underlie the Antley-Bixler syndrome in this patient.

A new strategy for the sensitive electrochemical determination of nitrophenol isomers using ß-cyclodextrin derivative-functionalized silicon carbide.

In the present study, thiol ß-cyclodextrin (SH-CD) and ethylenediamine ß-cyclodextrin (NH2-ß-CD) were simultaneously grafted on the same interface of an Au NP deposited carboxyl SiC (Au@CSiC) nanocomposite. An electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of nitrophenol isomers (o-nitrophenol, o-NP; p-nitrophenol, p-NP) using SH-CD and NH2-ß-CD functionalized Au@SiC (Au@CSiC-SH/NH2-CD) nanocomposite was successfully constructed. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to quantify o-NP and p-NP within the concentration range of 0.01-150 µM under the optimal conditions. The detection limit (S/N = 3) of the sensor was 0.019 and 0.023 µM for o-NP and p-NP, respectively, indicating a low detection limit. Interference study results demonstrated that the sensor was not affected in the presence of similar aromatic compounds during the determination of NP isomers, showing high selectivity. The proposed electrochemical sensing platform was successfully used to determine NP isomers in tap water. The low detection limit and high selectivity of the proposed electrochemical sensor were caused by the high surface area, the excellent conductivity, and the more recognized (enriched) NP isomer molecules by SH-ß-CD and NH2-ß-CD of the Au@CSiC-SH/NH2-CD nanocomposite.

Subjective Well-being and Family Functioning among Adolescents Left Behind by Migrating Parents in Jiangxi Province, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

We sought to identify the differences between adolescents left behind in their home villages/towns (LBA) and non-left behind adolescents (NLB) on subjective well-being and family functioning due to parental migration in south China. We used a stratified cluster sampling method to recruit middle school students in a city experiencing population-emigration in Jiangxi Province in 2010. Participants included adolescents from families with: (1) one migrant parent, (2) both parents who migrated, or (3) non-left behind adolescents (i.e., no migrant parent). To determine predictors of subjective well-being, we used structural equation models. Adolescents left behind by both parents (LBB) were less likely to express life satisfaction (P = 0.038) in terms of their environments (P = 0.011) compared with NLB. A parent or parents who migrated predicts lower subjective well-being of adolescents (P = 0.051) and also lower academic performance. Being apart from their parents may affect family functioning negatively from an adolescent's viewpoint. Given the hundreds of millions of persons in China, many who are parents, migrating for work, there may be mental health challenges in some of the adolescents left behind.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Dicer1 3'UTR for the fast analysis of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation.

Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is involved in several important biological processes in animals, e.g. cell growth and development, and cancer progression. The increasing data show that cancer cells are inclined to produce mRNA isoforms with a shortened 3'UTR undergoing APA. For example, the Dicer1 isoform with a shorter 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) was found to be overexpressed in some cancer cells, which may be used as a potential novel prognostic biomarker for cancer. In the present work, a novel electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive determination of Dicer1 was designed by using gold nanoparticles and p-sulfonated calix[6]arene functionalized reduced graphene oxide (Au@SCX6-rGO) as nanocarriers. The results showed that the expressions of the shorter 3'UTR (Dicer1-S) both in BT474 and SKBR3 were obviously higher than those of the longer Dicer1 (Dicer1-L) by the constructed biosensor, which agreed well with the result analyzed by the RT-qPCR method. The detection ranges of Dicer1-S and Dicer1-L were 10-14-10-9 M and 10-15-10-10 M. The LODs were 3.5 and 0.53 fM. The specificity of the proposed biosensor was also very high. For the first time, the expressional analysis of different 3'UTRs caused by APA was studied by an electrochemical method. Moreover, the use of a macrocyclic host for constructing an electrochemical/biosensing platform has rarely been reported. The proposed electrochemical sensing strategy is thus expected to provide a new method for determination of novel biomarkers and a novel method for fast and cheap analysis of APA.