ABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of air polishing and different ultrasonic scaler inserts on dental fillings, such as amalgam, composite and porcelain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed on amalgam, composite and porcelain samples. The surfaces of the samples were exposed to different type of piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler inserts and air-abrasive unit. The scaler inserts were Instrument A, Instrument PS and PI. The roughness of the surfaces of each sample were measured with a profilometer and observed by stereomicroscope. RESULTS: The stereomicroscopic images and profilometric values showed that Instrument A and PS resulted in rough surfaces, such as chips, nicks and scratches on the amalgam, composite and porcelain surfaces. The Instrument PI roughened the amalgam surface, but it did not roughen the porcelain or composite surfaces. The profilometric measurements (Ra) showed that the roughness of the surfaces depending on air polishing was less than the ultrasonically scaled surfaces. CONCLUSION: The wrong tip applications during dental scaling procedure cause roughness, such as scratches, nicks or chips, not only on the teeth surfaces but also on the filling materials. Thus, dental scaling procedure on the restorations should be performed carefully and the roughness sites on the restorations have to be re-polished after scaling to prevent plaque accumulation.
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Air Abrasion, Dental/instrumentation , Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Amalgam/chemistry , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Polyurethanes/chemistry , Ultrasonic Therapy/instrumentation , Air Abrasion, Dental/methods , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Dental Scaling/instrumentation , Dental Scaling/methods , Surface Properties , Ultrasonic Therapy/methodsABSTRACT
Periodontal therapy aims at arresting periodontal infection and maintaining a healthy periodontium. The periodic mechanical removal of subgingival microbial biofilms is essential for controlling inflammatory periodontal disease. Mechanical periodontal therapy consists of scaling, root planing and gingival curettage. The sonic and ultrasonic scalers are valuable tools in the prevention of periodontal disease. The vibration of scaler tips is the main effect to remove the deposits from the dental surface, such as bacterial plaque, calculus and endotoxin. However, constant flushing activity of the lavage used to cool the tips and cavitational activity result in disruption of the weak and unattached subgingival plaque. The aim of the study was to review the safety, efficacy, role and deleterious side-effects of sonic and ultrasonic scalers in mechanical periodontal therapy.
Subject(s)
Dental Deposits/therapy , Dental Scaling/instrumentation , Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Ultrasonic Therapy/instrumentation , Dental Scaling/adverse effects , Humans , Root Planing/instrumentation , Safety , Subgingival Curettage/instrumentation , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonic Therapy/adverse effects , Vibration/adverse effects , Vibration/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as important signaling molecules in the regulation of various cellular processes. They can be generated by the mitochondrial electron transport chain in mitochondria and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during inflammatory conditions. Excessive generation of ROS may result in attack of and damage to most intracellular and extracellular components in a living organism. Moreover, ROS can directly induce and/or regulate apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Periodontal pathologies are inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Several forms of periodontal diseases are associated with activated PMN. Damage of tissues in inflammatory periodontal pathologies can be mediated by ROS resulting from the physiological activity of PMN during the phagocytosis of periodontopathic bacteria.
