Secondary fracture prevention in Spanish primary care: results of the PREFRAOS Study.

This study demonstrated a large treatment gap in elderly subjects experiencing fragility fracture in Spanish primary care, a low treatment persistence among subjects who do receive treatment, and more than one-quarter having no follow-up visits post-fracture. These data highlight the need to improve secondary fracture prevention in primary care. PURPOSE: To describe osteoporosis (OP) treatment patterns and follow-up in subjects with fragility fracture seen in Spanish primary care (PC). METHODS: This observational, retrospective chart review included subjects aged ≥ 70 years listed in the centers' records (November 2018 to March 2020), with ≥ 1 fragility fracture and prior consultation for any reason; subjects who had participated in another study were excluded. Outcomes included OP treatments and follow-up visits post-fragility fracture. RESULTS: Of 665 subjects included, most (87%) were women; overall mean (SD) age, 82 years. Fewer than two thirds (61%) had received any prior OP treatment (women, 65%; men, 38%); of these, 38% had received > 1 treatment (women, 25%; men, 13%). Among treated subjects, the most frequent first-line treatments were alendronate (43%) and RANKL inhibitor denosumab (22%), with a higher discontinuation rate and shorter treatment duration observed for alendronate (discontinuation, 42% vs 16%; median treatment duration, 2.5 vs 2.1 years). Over one-quarter (26%) of subjects had no follow-up visits post-fragility fracture, with this gap higher in women than men (35% versus 25%). The most common schedule of follow-up visits was yearly (43% of subjects with a fragility fracture), followed by half-yearly (17%) and biennial (10%), with a similar trend in men and women. Most OP treatments were prescribed by PC physicians, other than teriparatide and zoledronate. CONCLUSIONS: Across Spanish PC, we observed a large gap in the treatment and follow-up of elderly subjects experiencing a fragility fracture. Our data highlights the urgent need to improve secondary fracture prevention in PC.

Current situation of shared decision making in osteoporosis: A comprehensive literature review of patient decision aids and decision drivers.

Background and Aims: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissues, resulting in bone fragility and increased fracture risk. It is the most common bone-related disease in the population. However, the proportion of patients who start treatment but discontinue it during the first year is very high (around 50%). Endeavors are made to promote patient participation in treatment by implementing patient decision aids (PDA), whose function is to help the patient make disease-related decisions. We aim to summarize the characteristics of the currently available PDA for osteoporosis, as well as deciding factors. Methods: Comprehensive review of the literature. Results: Currently, eleven PDAs can be found for osteoporosis. These PDA have different characteristics or options such as information about treatments tailored to patient needs, graphic information of the results (to facilitate understanding), personal histories (learning), tests to check the knowledge acquired, provision of evidence, clinical practice guidelines or a final summary to share with their doctor. Only five of these PDAs can be considered complete since they provide relevant disease information and therapeutic options to the patient, promote patient's reflection and foment patient-physician discussion. Conclusions: This study provides an update on the current state of decision making on osteoporosis and available PDA, which can help engage the patient through shared decision-making by considering, among other things, patient preferences. Physicians should consider PDA, as it may promote adherence and effectiveness of treatment.

Prevalence and treatment of fragility fractures in Spanish primary care: PREFRAOS study.

In Spanish primary care (PC), the prevalence of fragility fractures (FF) in subjects ≥ 70 years old is high, especially in women. One-third of subjects with an FF lacked osteoporosis (OP) diagnosis and >50% were not currently receiving OP medication. An improvement of the FF management in this population is needed. PURPOSE: In Spanish PC, the prevalence of FF is high, especially in women. One-third of subjects with a FF lacked an OP diagnosis and more than half were not currently receiving OP medication. Several studies reported underdiagnosis/undertreatment of OP in PC among elderly subjects with FF. To date, no such data exist for Spain. The purpose is to estimate the prevalence of FF in the elderly population (≥ 70 years old) and to describe the characteristics, risk factors, comorbidities, and OP diagnosis and treatment rates of subjects with FF in Spanish PC centers. METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective study in Spain consisting of two phases. Phase A included all subjects ≥ 70 years old listed in the center's medical records from November 2018 to March 2020. Phase B included subjects with FF and prior consultation at the center for any reason. Subjects were excluded only if they had previously participated in another study. Primary outcomes were prevalence of FF (phase A) and characteristics of subjects with at least one FF (phase B). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of FF was 17.7% among subjects visiting medical centers for any reason (24.1% women vs. 8.0% men) (30 PC centers from 14 Spanish regions). Vertebral (5.1%) was the most prevalent fracture. Of 665 subjects in phase B, most (87%) were women and ≥ 80 years old (57%), suffered mainly major OP fracture (68%), and had multiple comorbidities (≥ 2, 89.2%). While two-thirds had OP diagnosis and 61.1% received OP medication anytime in the past, 56.8% were not currently receiving OP medication. Diagnosis and treatment rates were lower among men (43% and 38% vs. 70% and 65%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of FF was high, especially in women. One-third of subjects lacked OP diagnosis and ≥ 50% were not receiving OP treatment; diagnosis and treatment gaps were larger among men. This reinforces the need to improve the management of FF in the elderly population. However, as PC centers participating in this study had high OP experience that have the potential to do better in terms of diagnosis and treatment, caution in the generalization of these data should be taken.

Outcomes of surgical hysteroscopy: 25 years of observational study.

The aim of this prospective study was to analyse the complications of operative hysteroscopy over the last 25 years and determine whether such complications were related to patient characteristics, surgery type, surgical time or distension-medium balance. Three thousand and sixty-three operative hysteroscopies were performed; 52.7% were polypectomies and 31.5% were myomectomies. Myectomies had the highest incidence of complications, at 14%, followed by septolysis, at 6.9%. The most common complications were mechanical (52%). Myomectomies had seven times higher risk than polypectomies of distension-medium complications (RR 7.5, p<.001) but three times lower risk of mechanical complications (RR 0.32, p<.001). The highest incidence of complications occurred in type I myomas and those larger than 3 cm. If we define fluid-balance complications as only those patients who absorbed more than 1.5 L and developed related symptoms, our overall complication rate, including all mechanical complications, was 5.6%.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? In recent years, the importance of properly preventing and managing hysteroscopic complications has risen in line with the number of diagnostic and operative hysteroscopies performed. Complications in operative hysteroscopy differ between surgery types, patient characteristics and the distending media used.What do the results of this study add? This study provides data from a high number of patients compared to previously published studies on the complications of operative hysteroscopies, and includes a study of the relationship between type of surgery and type of complication.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our study shows the importance of a good preoperative assessment, since the complications of hysteroscopy differ greatly depending on the indication. Thus, within myomectomies, knowing the exact type, size and location of the myoma will allow the surgeon to carefully plan the procedure to avoid complications.

Resultados obstétricos y perinatales en gestaciones tras técnicas de reproducción asistida / Obstetrical and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies after assisted reproductive techniques

Material y Métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo que compara 704 gestaciones conseguidas tras técnicas de reproducción asistida en el periodo 2008-2012 (grupo estudio), con 2.507 gestaciones espontaneas (grupo control). Resultados: mayor riesgo de gestaciones múltiples en el grupo estudio 24,3% contra 1% del grupo control p < 0,001 RR 25,5 (17,3-37,6). El parto fue a las 37,79 semanas en grupo estudio y 38,99 grupo control p < 0,001. Manteniéndose las diferencias en gestaciones únicas con una media de 38,5 en grupo estudio y 39 en grupo control p < 0,001. Niños prematuros en grupo estudio 23,2%, contra 6,2% grupo control p < 0,001 RR 4,5 (3,6-5,8). Reduciéndose a la mitad el riesgo relativo cuando solo comparamos gestaciones únicas. Cesarea en 52% gestaciones por técnicas de reproducción asistida, contra 18,6% en gestaciones espontaneas p < 0,001 RR 2,85 (2,56-3,22). Manteniéndose diferencias comparando gestaciones únicas 15,6% en grupo estudio y 18,3% grupo control. No encontramos diferencias en el sexo del recién nacido. La tasa de bajo peso al nacer también fue mayor en grupo estudio 23,8% contra 7,97% grupo control p < 0,001 RR 3,6 (2,8-4,5); manteniéndose diferencias en gestaciones únicas con 11% recién nacido de bajo peso contra 5,8% p < 0,001 RR 2 (1,46-2,8). Malformaciones congénitas mayor en grupo control 9,45% respecto grupo estudio 3,69%. Conclusiones: la gestación tras técnicas de reproducción asistida presenta 25 veces más riesgo de gestación múltiple; las madres son 5 años más añosas; 4,5 veces más riesgo de tener un parto pretérmino; 2 veces mayor si comparamos gestaciones únicas; 3 veces más de tener recién nacido de bajo peso, el doble si comparamos gestaciones únicas; cesárea en más del doble tanto gestaciones únicas como en total gestaciones (AU)

Material and Methods: Retrospective observational study comparing outcomes of 704 pregnancies after assisted reproductive techniques 2008-2012 (study group), with 2507 spontaneous pregnancies (control group). Results: There are difference in outcome between assisted reproductive techniques (study group) and naturally conceived pregnancies (control group). We found differences in increased risk of multiple pregnancies in the study group 24.3% to 1% of control group p < 0.001 RR 25.5 (17.3-37.6). Mean weeks in which the delivery occurred study group was 37.79 and 38.99 in the control group p < 0.001. Maintaining differences when only singleton pregnancies compared with an average of 38.5 in the study group and control group 39 weeks p < 0.001. In the study group are at higher risk of preterm birth with 23.2% versus 6.2% control group, p < 0.001 RR 4.5 (3.6-5.8). Reduced to half the relative risk when compared only single pregnancies. Cesarean was performed in 52% of pregnancies by assisted reproductive techniques, while it was 18.6% incidence of spontaneous pregnancies p < 0.001 RR 2.85 (2.56-3.22). He maintained even comparing differences singleton pregnancies in both groups with 15.6% in the study group and 18.3% control group. Without differences in sex of newborns. The rate low birth weight was also higher in the study group 23.8% vs control group 7.97% p < 0.001 RR 3.6 (2.8-4.5); maintaining differences in single pregnancies with 11% low birth weight against 5.8%, study group against control group, p < 0.001 RR 2 (1.46-2.8); Although increased incidence of congenital malformations in the control group 9.45% from 3.69% in the study group. Conclusions: These results suggest that assisted reproductive techniques is associated with increased risk of multiple pregnancy, delivery preterm, higher risk of low birth weight (< = 2500g), and more cesarean section. The increased risk of preterm, low birth weight, and cesarean persisted in singleton pregnancies (AU)

Burden of First Osteoporotic Hip Fracture in Spain: A Prospective, 12-Month, Observational Study.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the burden of osteoporotic fractures beyond the hospitalization period covering up to the first year after the fracture. This was a prospective, 12-month, observational study including patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized due to a first low-trauma hip fracture, in six Spanish regions. Health resource utilization (HRU), quality of life (QoL) and autonomy were collected and total costs calculated. Four hundred and eighty seven patients (mean ± SD age 83 ± 7 years, 77 % women) were included. Twenty-two percent of patients reported a prior non-hip low-trauma fracture, 16 % were receiving osteoporotic treatment at baseline, and 3 % had densitometry performed (1.8 % T-score ≤-2.5). Sixteen percent of patients died (women 14 %; men 25 %; p = 0.0011) during the first year. Mean hospital stay was 11.8 ± 7.9 days and 95.1 % of patients underwent surgery. Other relevant HRUs were: outpatient visits in 78 % of patients (mean 9.2 ± 9.7); walking aids, 58.7 %; rehabilitation facilities, 35.5 % (28.7 ± 41.2 sessions); and formal and informal home care, 22.2 % (49.6 ± 72.2 days) and 53.4 % (77.1 ± 101.0 h), respectively. Mean direct cost was €9690 (95 % confidence interval: 9184-10,197) in women and €9019 (8079-9958) in men. Main cost drivers were: first hospitalization episode (women €7067 [73 %]; men €7196 [80 %]); outpatient visits (€1323 [14 %]; €997 [11 %]); and home care (€905 [9 %]; €767 [9 %]). QoL and autonomy showed a marked decrease during hospitalization, not entirely recovered at 12 months (p < 0.05 vs. baseline for EQ-5D, Harris hip score and modified Barthel index). In a Spanish setting, osteoporotic hip fractures incur a high societal and economic cost, mainly due to the first hospitalization HRU, but also due to subsequent outpatient visits and home care.

Expert Consensus on the Management of Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in the Spanish Healthcare System.

INTRODUCTION: The management of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) in routine clinical practice differs considerably from guideline recommendations. The objective of our study was to reach a consensus on the management of PMO, considering prevention, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, according to expert opinion in Spain. METHODS: A two-round Delphi technique was conducted, including 38 experts. The questionnaire contained 35 sections, each one including 1-10 questions (n = 308) based on a literature review and contributions from the scientific steering committee. Each question was scored by experts from the current (1 = no occurrence, 9 = occurrence in all cases), wish (1 = total rejection; 9 = wish) and prediction (1 = no occurrence at all; 9 = occurs with maximum probability) perspectives. Consensus (wish and prediction perspectives) was considered when ≥75% of experts scored 7-9 (agreement) or 1-3 (disagreement). RESULTS: Overall, consensus was achieved on 75% of questions. While protocols of clinical management and consultation/referral should be followed, their implementation is unlikely. Furthermore, the medical specialties currently involved in PMO management are poorly defined. PMO patients without fracture should be managed (prevention, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up) in both primary care and rheumatology settings; however, experts predicted that only treatment and follow-up will be assumed by these specialties. A multidisciplinary team should be involved in patients with fracture. No assessment tools are usually applied, and prediction indicated that they will not be used. CONCLUSION: Efforts should be focused on questions with high divergence between wishes and predictions, defining actions that will improve PMO management. Collaboration between scientific societies and health authorities to address the identified opportunities of improvement is proposed. FUNDING: Amgen S.A.

Desarrollo de un cuestionario de evaluación de la satisfacción con el tratamiento en paciente con acné / Developing a questionnaire to assess treatment satisfaction in patients with acne

Introducción. No se ha estudiado la satisfacción del paciente con el tratamiento para el acné de forma tipificada. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar un cuestionario de satisfacción con el tratamiento en pacientes con acné que permita conocer el grado de satisfacción del paciente de forma tipificada y que a su vez discrimine entre los diferentes tratamientos. Métodos. Se utilizó un método exploratorio como el del grupo focal. Se elaboró un guión semiestructurado basado en aspectos recogidos de la literatura médica. Los participantes del grupo focal fueron 6 mujeres diagnosticadas de acné y que en algún momento habían recibido tratamiento con isotretinoína oral. Resultados. El resultado ha sido un cuestionario de 11 puntos referidos a la satisfacción con varios aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento: mejoría de los síntomas, satisfacción con la información recibida, satisfacción respecto al estado de ánimo, a la vida social, a la eficacia del tratamiento, a los efectos secundarios provocados por el tratamiento, a la forma de administración y a su posología, a las actividades diarias y al tratamiento en general. Conclusión. Se ha desarrollado un cuestionario de satisfacción con el tratamiento en pacientes con acné. Introducción. No se ha estudiado la satisfacción del paciente con el tratamiento para el acné de forma tipificada. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar un cuestionario de satisfacción con el tratamiento en pacientes con acné que permita conocer el grado de satisfacción del paciente de forma tipificada y que a su vez discrimine entre los diferentes tratamientos. Métodos. Se utilizó un método exploratorio como el del grupo focal. Se elaboró un guión semiestructurado basado en aspectos recogidos de la literatura médica. Los participantes del grupo focal fueron 6 mujeres diagnosticadas de acné y que en algún momento habían recibido tratamiento con isotretinoína oral. Resultados. El resultado ha sido un cuestionario de 11 puntos referidos a la satisfacción con varios aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento: mejoría de los síntomas, satisfacción con la información recibida, satisfacción respecto al estado de ánimo, a la vida social, a la eficacia del tratamiento, a los efectos secundarios provocados por el tratamiento, a la forma de administración y a su posología, a las actividades diarias y al tratamiento en general. Conclusión. Se ha desarrollado un cuestionario de satisfacción con el tratamiento en pacientes con acné (AU)