ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The weight of the body is transmitted to the foot through the subtalar joint and talus. Considering the important location of the talus and calcaneus, the morphological structures of these bones may affect the biomechanics of the subtalar joint. At the same time, the morphological structure of these bones is important in some common foot deformities. We aimed to investigate whether the various measurements of the talus and calcaneus are associated with different foot deformities in this study. In this study, radiography images of 158 (72 male and 86 female) patients within the mean age of 44 years were retrospectively examined. Eleven different measurements of the talus and calcaneus were obtained from the lateral and antero-posterior radiographs of the patients. A total of 158 patient's routine clinic radiographs were retrospectively assessed, which have calcaneal spur (n=63), hallux valgus (n=32) and control group (n=63). We determined that the body height of the calcaneus, maximum width of the head of the talus, minimum anterior width of the calcaneus were significantly different between calcaneal spur group and control group. Maximum length fibular malleolar facet of the talus was significantly different between age groups. And we determined that the calcaneal index was significantly different between hallux valgus group and control groups. Also all measurements were significantly different between males and females. As a result, some measurements that significantly determine the morphology of the talus and calcaneus were found to be significant between deformity groups and control groups. We think that our study will contribute to the literature as it is the first study in which the measurements obtained from the radiographic images of the talus and calcaneus are associated with foot deformities.
El peso del cuerpo se transmite al pie a través de la articulación subtalar y el talo. Teniendo en cuenta la importante ubicación del talo y el calcáneo, las estructuras morfológicas de estos huesos pueden afectar la biomecánica de la articulación subtalar. Al mismo tiempo, la estructura morfológica de estos huesos es importante en algunas deformidades comunes del pie. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar si las diversas medidas del talo y el calcáneo están asociadas con diferentes deformidades del pie en este estudio. Se examinaron retrospectivamente imágenes radiográficas de 158 pacientes (72 hombres y 86 mujeres) con una edad promedio de 44 años. Se obtuvieron once medidas diferentes del talo y el calcáneo a partir de las radiografías lateral y anteroposterior de los pacientes. Se evaluaron retrospectivamente un total de 158 radiografías clínicas de rutina de los pacientes, los cuales tenían espolón de calcáneo (n=63), hallux valgus (n=32) y grupo control (n=63). Determinamos que la altura del cuerpo del calcáneo, el ancho máximo de la cabeza del talo, el ancho anterior mínimo del calcáneo fueron significativamente diferentes entre el grupo con espolón calcáneo y el grupo control. La longitud máxima de la faceta maleolar fíbular del talo era significativamente diferente entre los grupos de edad. También determinamos que el índice calcáneo fue significativamente diferente entre el grupo de hallux valgus y los grupos controles. Además, todas las medidas fueron significativamente diferentes entre hombres y mujeres. Como resultado, algunas medidas que determinan la morfología del talo y el calcáneo resultaron significativas entre los grupos de deformidad y los grupos controles. Estimamos que nuestro estudio contribuirá a la literatura debido a que es el primer reporte en el que las medidas obtenidas de las imágenes radiográficas del talo y el calcáneo se asocian con deformidades del pie.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Foot Deformities , Calcaneus/diagnostic imaging , Talus/diagnostic imaging , Calcaneus/anatomy & histology , Hallux Valgus , Talus/anatomy & histology , Retrospective Studies , Heel SpurABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism of toes are the most common developmental variations of the foot. These bones may be associated with painful syndromes; however, their clinical importance is not well understood because the reported prevalence varies widely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these variants in Turkish subjects. METHODS: A total of 1651 foot radiographs were retrospectively assessed. Radiographs of feet were examined regarding the prevalence, sex, and bilaterality of accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism in Turkish subjects. RESULTS: Accessory ossicles (26.1%) and sesamoid bones (8%) were detected. The most common accessory ossicles were os trigonum (9.8%), accessory navicular bone (7.9%), and os peroneum (5.8%). Also, we detected os supratalare (0.48%), os calcanei secundarium (0.42%) os subfibulare (0.42%), os supranaviculare (0.36%), os vesalianum (0.30%), os subtibiale (0.24%), os intermetatarseum (0.12%), and os subcalcis (0.12%). We observed bipartite hallux sesamoid in 1.8% and interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux in 0.7% of radiographs. Incidences of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid bones were found as 0.6%, 0.06%, 0.6%, and 5.8% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth digit, respectively. We observed biphalangeal toe in 0.5%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 37.6% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toe, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study is the first detailed report on the incidence of the most common variants of the foot and ankle in a wide-ranging patients' series in Turkish subjects. Our study's findings will contribute to reducing misdiagnosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of this study may provide anatomical data that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of disorders that present with pain and discomfort in the feet. Knowledge of these variants is important to prevent misinterpreting them as fractures.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine clinical importance and morphology of the fibularis longus, brevis, tertius muscles (presented as fibular muscles in this study), and prevalence of accessory fibular muscles (AFM) on fetal cadavers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 200 limbs from 100 embalmed fetuses (54 male and 46 female) were studied. Morphology of fibular muscles and the presence of AFM were observed through dissection on fetal legs bilaterally. The absence of fibularis tertius muscle (FT) and the presence of AFM were identified. Length and length of the tendon of AFM were measured. Insertion of AFM was also identified. RESULTS: Mean values and standard deviations of all parameters according to trimesters were calculated. All parameters were increased with age during the fetal period. We determined the absence of FT; no FT was observed in 40 legs of 200 extremities (20%). The AFM was present in 7 of 200 specimens (3.5%). AFM muscles were classified into two types according to their site of origin. CONCLUSION: The present study has revealed the morphology of the fibular muscles and prevalence of the presence of AFM on fetal cadavers. In addition, it has revealed the morphometric development and prevalence of the absence of FT in a large series, and their clinical importance was discussed.
