Evaluación de un ingrediente funcional para el control glicémico en humanos / Evaluation of a functional ingredient for glycemic control in human

The prevalence of non-transmissible chronic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes, among others, have increased worldwide. One way to prevent and/or control them is through bioactive food compounds that can be incorporated as functional ingredients (IF). The IF isa compound IF: apple pomace, opuntia palette, tomato pomace and rice bran. Objective: Assess the functional ingredient (IF) for glycemic control in humans. Subjects and Methods: 48 Subjects, both sexes, aged between 40 and 60. Divided into three groups: non-obese (NO), obese (OB) and diabetic (DM) with 16 subjects per group. Subjects consumed 600 g daily of nonfat yogurt with artificial sweetener. 50 percent of the subjects in each group received yogurt with IF and 50 percent without IF for 44 days. Metabolic control of capillary blood glucose was performed weekly, of nutrition every week, as well as basal metabolic control, 22 and 44 with: fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, tolerance test to glucose with 2 point sampling and calculation of HOMA-IR. All analyses were performed at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile. The statistical analysis included measures of central tendency and dispersion. They compared the effect of the intervention vs control using the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples and the Chi2 test for categorical variables. Results:15 subjects from the DM group, 16 from OB and 10 from NO completed the experiment. Significant differences were found between the intervention group and the placebo in the obese group, in the weight variation of the basal-22 days, 22-44 and basal-44 days with p = 0.007, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001respectively, and significant differences in the NO group between the placebo and intervention groups in the variation basal-22 days for HOMA-IR (p = 0.010) and 44 -22 days for LDL (p = 0.045). Conclusion: In this study no significant differences were found for subjects stratified into...

Cobertura con colgajo escrotal en desforramiento peneano: a propósito de dos casos / Scrotal fasciocutaneous flap coverage in degloving lesión of penis, report of two cases

Restablecer la cobertura cutánea en lesiones de urgencia es un desafío para el cirujano, más aún si se trata del pene, ya sea por desforramiento accidental o secundario a procesos sépticos de la región perineal. Se presentan 2 casos. El primero por lesión accidental en un menor de 9 años, quien pierde la totalidad de la piel peneana. El segundo caso en un paciente de 65 años, diabético e hipertenso que presentó un episodio de fasceítis necrotizante. En ambos casos se realiza una cobertura cutánea del defecto utilizando 2 colgajos fasciocutßneos de las bolsas escrotales. En el caso del ni±o, el defecto de cobertura creado en éstas se cubre con colgajo fasciocutáneo de la cara anterior del muslo, y éste último con un injerto dermoepidérmico de la extremidad contralateral, utilizando la misma técnica descrita para el menor. La técnica utilizada cumplió plenamente con los objetivos de realizar una cobertura adecuada, semejante a la piel original, sin interferir con el desarrollo sexual normal del menor y minimizando el trauma psicológico. En el paciente adulto los resultados funcionales y estéticos son adecuados. En la literatura revisada hay muy pocos casos clínicos con utilización de ésta técnica.

To restore the cutaneous coverage in urgency injuries is a challenge for the surgeon, even more if it is a question of cutaneous coverage of the penis, by accidental degloving or secondary to septic processes of perineal región. We present two cases. The first one is a 9 years oíd minor, who lost the totality of his penis skin by accidental injury. The second case is a diabetic and hypertense, 65 years oíd patient, who had an episode of necrotizing fasciitis. In both cases the defect was covered with 2 fasciocutaneous flaps from the scrotal bags. In the child case the defect created in this area was repaired by an antero-internal thigh fasciocutaneous flap and finally the thigh defect was covered by split-skin grafts taken from the contralateral lower limb. The used technique fulfilled the objectives to make a suitable cover and similar to original skin, without interfering with the normal sexual development of the minor and to attenuate the psychological trauma. In the adult patient the functional and aesthetic results are satisfactory. In reviewed Hterature, there are just a few cases of this surgical technique.

Consideraciones anestésicas en la esclerodermia / No disponible

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Proteína C reactiva como predictor de complicaciones postoperatorias en apendicitis aguda / C reactive protein predicting post operative complications in acute appendicitis

La apendicitis aguda es una patología frecuente. Sus complicaciones se relacionan con una estadía hospitalaria prolongada y mayor gasto de recursos, por lo que nos parece relevante buscar índices predictivos de estas complicaciones para poder así establecer medidas preventivas que permitan economizar recursos y acortar la estadía postoperatoria de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar si existió alguna relación entre valores anormales de PCR al ingreso y el desarrollo de complicaciones locales postoperatorias. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de una muestra aleatoria de 197 pacientes, operados de apendicitis aguda confirmadas histológicamente, entre el 01-01-1998 y el 31-12-2000 en el Hospital Las Higueras de Talcahuano, relacionando el valor de la PCR al ingreso (normal < 1 mg/I) con la aparición de complicaciones infecciosas locales postoperatoria (infección herida operatoria y/o absceso residual). Resultados: Se encontró un 14,3 por ciento de pacientes con PCR normales de los cuales ninguno presentó complicaciones postoperatorias. Un 85,7 por ciento de los pacientes presentó PCR elevada de los que un 16,6 por ciento presentó complicaciones infecciosas locales en el postoperatorio. Conclusión: Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,005) entre valores elevados de PCR al ingreso, con la incidencia de complicaciones infecciosas locales postoperatorias.

NHE-RF, a regulatory cofactor for Na(+)-H+ exchange, is a common interactor for merlin and ERM (MERM) proteins.

We have identified the human homologue of a regulatory cofactor of Na(+)-H+ exchanger (NHE-RF) as a novel interactor for merlin, the neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor protein. NHE-RF mediates protein kinase A regulation of Na(+)-H+ exchanger NHE3 to which it is thought to bind via one of its two PDZ domains. The carboxyl-terminal region of NHE-RF, downstream of the PDZ domains, interacts with the amino-terminal protein 4.1 domain-containing segment of merlin in yeast two-hybrid assays. This interaction also occurs in affinity binding assays with full-length NHE-RF expressed in COS-7 cells. NHE-RF binds to the related ERM proteins, moesin and radixin. We have localized human NHE-RF to actin-rich structures such as membrane ruffles, microvilli, and filopodia in HeLa and COS-7 cells, where it co-localizes with merlin and moesin. These findings suggest that hNHE-RF and its binding partners may participate in a larger complex (one component of which might be a Na(+)-H+ exchanger) that could be crucial for the actin filament assembly activated by the ERM proteins and for the tumor suppressor function of merlin.

[Hydrocolonic sonography in the study of colonic diseases. Comparison with double-contrast enema]. / L'ecoidrocolon nello studio delle malattie del colon. Confronto con il clisma a doppio contrasto.

This study was aimed at assessing the diagnostic value of hydrocolonic sonography (HS), a new technique of US examination of the colon during water enema, in colonic diseases. HS was performed on 120 clinically selected patients and was followed by double contrast barium enema (DCBE) in all patients, by endoscopy in 85, by pathology in 50 and by surgery in 36 patients. We obtained good quality images in 86% of cases, middle quality findings in 10% and poor results in 4% of cases. HS allowed the 5 layers of the colonic wall to be visualized. Forty of 50 polyps bigger than 1 cm, 9/10 cases of granulomatous colitis and diverticulitis were recognized and distinguished from cancer and 31/32 carcinomas were found--3 of them were locally invasive tumors, even though endoscopic biopsy had diagnosed them as adenomas. Compared with DCBE, HS exhibited lower sensitivity in recognizing small polyps (80% vs. 92%) but higher specificity (100% vs. 92.8%); in the diagnosis of carcinoma, HS exhibited higher sensitivity (96.8% vs. 90.6%) and the same specificity (about 100%); the depiction of parietal layers allowed also tumor staging. At present, HS cannot be proposed as the examination of choice to study polyps because of its limitations in recognizing them; nevertheless, HS appears to exhibit some advantages over DCBE in tumor detection and staging. HS is a simple, fast and safe technique which is well tolerated and easily repeatable, which calls for further investigation of its potentials, also because improved operator's experience is sure to increase HS reliability.

[Position anomalies of the gallbladder. Apropos of 4 cases]. / Anomalie di posizione della colecisti. A proposito di quattro osservazioni.

Four cases of ectopic gallbladder are reported and interesting pictures presented. Related embryological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are then examined.

[Echographic diagnosis of diffused liver diseases: histologic correlations]. / La diagnostica ecografica nelle epatopatie diffuse: correlazioni istologiche.

A personal series of 53 patients is reviewed. The patients were subjected to echography of the liver together with clinical and histological studies after closed biopsy. The cases are analysed and grouped according to stage and severity of the liver condition encountered. All groups showed a good match between echographic and clinicohistological results. The main echographic criteria for liver disease are summarised and illustrated in the light of personal experience and the data published in the most recent literature.

[The phalanges. Notes on the radiographic semeiology of osseous metabolism]. / Le falangi. Note di semeiotica radiografica del metabolismo osseo.

The hand, and the phalanges in particular, offer a privileged observation ground for the study of some features of bone metabolism. An account is given of the cell alterations from which the various disturbances associated with osteogenesis and osteolysis can be recognized, particular attention being devoted to changes in bone density, cortex thickness, and the structure of the spongy substance. Evaluation of these three parameters will lead to the recognition of porosis, malacia, hyperosteolysis, and osteomyelosclerosis. When combined with certain clinical and laboratory data, the findings can readily be used to reach an exact diagnosis.