ABSTRACT
Binder free nanostructured NiCo2O4 were grown using a facile hydrothermal technique. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the phase purity of NiCo2O4. The surface morphology and microstructure of the NiCo2O4 analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed flower-like morphology composed of needle-like structures. The potential application of binder free NiCo2O4 as an electrode for supercapacitor devices was investigated using electrochemical methods. The cyclic voltammograms of NiCo2O4 electrode using alkaline aqueous electrolytes showed the presence of redox peaks suggesting pseudocapacitance behavior. Quasi-solid state supercapacitor device fabricated by sandwiching two NiCo2O4 electrodes and separating them by ion transporting layer. The performance of the device was tested using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The device showed excellent flexibility and cyclic stability. The temperature dependent charge storage capacity was measured for their variable temperature applications. Specific capacitance of the device was enhanced by ~150% on raising the temperature from 20 to 60 °C. Hence, the results suggest that NiCo2O4 grown under these conditions could be a suitable material for high performance supercapacitor devices that can be operated at variable temperatures.
ABSTRACT
A novel series of mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), 1-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-4-phenylpiperidines, is herein disclosed. Structure-activity relationship studies led to potent, selective mGluR2 PAMs with excellent pharmacokinetic profiles. A representative lead compound (+)-17e demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and mescaline-induced scratching in mice, providing support for potential efficacy in treating psychosis.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/chemical synthesis , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/chemical synthesis , Imidazoles/chemical synthesis , Piperidines/chemical synthesis , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism , Allosteric Regulation , Animals , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology , Biological Availability , Brain/metabolism , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacokinetics , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology , Cell Line , Dogs , Humans , Hyperkinesis/chemically induced , Hyperkinesis/drug therapy , Imidazoles/pharmacokinetics , Imidazoles/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Methamphetamine , Mice , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Models, Molecular , Piperidines/pharmacokinetics , Piperidines/pharmacology , Protein Conformation , Radioligand Assay , Rats , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The discovery, synthesis and SAR of a novel series of 3-benzyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGluR2 is described. Expedient hit-to-lead work on a single HTS hit led to the identification of a ligand-efficient and structurally attractive series of mGluR2 PAMs. Human microsomal clearance and suboptimal physicochemical properties of the initial lead were improved to give potent, metabolically stable and orally available mGluR2 PAMs.
Subject(s)
Carbamates/chemistry , Oxazolidinones/chemical synthesis , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/chemistry , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Allosteric Regulation , Allosteric Site , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Drug Design , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Ligands , Microsomes/metabolism , Models, Chemical , Molecular Structure , Oxazolidinones/chemistryABSTRACT
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel series of 3-(imidazolyl methyl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl)methyl ethers, derived from a high throughput screening (HTS), are described. Subsequent optimization led to identification of potent, metabolically stable and orally available mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs).
Subject(s)
Allosteric Regulation , Azabicyclo Compounds/chemical synthesis , Benzimidazoles/chemical synthesis , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Ethers/chemistry , Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/chemistry , Administration, Oral , Allosteric Site , Animals , Azabicyclo Compounds/pharmacology , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Drug Design , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Humans , Microsomes/drug effects , Models, Chemical , Rats , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The key elimination step for the formation of 3-substituted and 3,6-disubstituted benzynes from 2-haloaryllithiums displays a pronounced solvent-dependent regioselectivity. All 2-haloaryllithiums with electron withdrawing groups in the 6 position are shown by 6Li and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies to be monomers in THF. DFT computational studies implicate trisolvates. Rate studies reveal that LiF eliminates via monomer-based pathways requiring THF dissociation whereas LiCl eliminates via nondissociative pathways. Elimination to form 3-chloro- and 3-fluorobenzyne from 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyllithium displays a pronounced solvent-dependent regioselectivity that is traced to competing solvent-dissociative and nondissociative dissociative pathways for the elimination of LiCl and LiF, respectively.
Subject(s)
Benzene Derivatives/chemistry , Benzene Derivatives/chemical synthesis , Computer Simulation , Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/chemistry , Kinetics , Lithium/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Models, Chemical , Molecular Structure , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Solvents/chemistryABSTRACT
The key elimination step for the formation of 3-chloro- and 3-fluorobenzyne from 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyllithium displays a pronounced solvent-dependent regioselectivity. 6Li and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies on 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyllithium reveal a single monomeric aryllithium, suggested by DFT computational studies to be a trisolvate. Rate studies indicate that the elimination of LiCl and LiF proceeds via trisolvated and disolvated monomers, respectively.
Subject(s)
Benzene Derivatives/chemical synthesis , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/chemical synthesis , Lithium/chemistry , Benzene Derivatives/chemistry , Kinetics , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Organometallic Compounds/chemistryABSTRACT
Noncoordinating solvents permit the halogen-metal exchange-induced formation of benzyne (aryne) from di- and trihalobenzene precursors in the presence of cyclopentadiene to give 1,4-dihydro-1,4-methano-naphthalenes. Studies with mixed halide precursors and nonacidic Diels-Alder diene traps reveal that ethereal and hydrocarbon solvents influence the halide leaving group facility, resulting in a reversal of 3-halobenzyne regioselectivity.
